1979

	1979 حسب الموضوع:
	الموضوع
	علم الآثار; العمارة; الفن; الطيران; جوائز; القصص المصورة; السينما; الڤيديو المنزلي; الأدب (الشعر); الأرصاد الجوية; الموسيقى (الكنتري، موسيقى الميتال); النقل بالسكك الحديدية; الراديو; العلوم; ; ; الرياضة; التلفزيون; Video gaming;
	حسب البلد
	مصر; سوريا; العراق; فلسطين; السعودية; اليمن; الجزائر; المغرب; تونس; تركيا; إيران; إثيوپيا; أستراليا; كندا; ; الصين الشعبية; الإكوادور; فرنسا; ألمانيا; اليونان; الهند; أيرلندا; إسرائيل; إيطاليا; اليابان; لوكسمبورگ; ; ماليزيا; المكسيك; نيوزيلندا; النرويج; ; پاكستان; ; ; الفلپين; ; سنغافورة; جنوب أفريقيا; الاتحاد السوڤيتي; المملكة المتحدة; الولايات المتحدة; ;
	القادة
	الدول السيادية; قادة الدول; قادة دينيون; القانون;
	تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات
	مواليد; وفيات;
	تصنيفات تأسيسات وانحلالات
	تأسيسات; انحلالات;
	تصنيفات أعمال وأطروحات
	أعمال; أطروحات;
	v; t; e;

ألفية:	الألفية 2
قرون:	القرن 19 – القرن 20 – القرن 21
عقود:	عقد 1940 عقد 1950 عقد 1960 – عقد 1970 – عقد 1980 عقد 1990 عقد 2000
سنين:	1976 1977 1978 – 1979 – 1980 1981 1982

القرون:	قرن 19 · قرن 20 · قرن 21st
العقود:	ع1940 ع1950 ع1960 ع1970 ع1980 ع1990 ع2000
السنوات:	1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

1979 في التقاويم الأخرى
التقويم الگريگوري	1979 MCMLXXIX
آب أوربه كونديتا	2732
التقويم الأرمني	1428 ԹՎ ՌՆԻԸ
التقويم الآشوري	6729
التقويم البهائي	135–136
التقويم البنغالي	1386
التقويم الأمازيغي	2929
سنة العهد البريطاني	27 إليز. 2 – 28 إليز. 2
التقويم البوذي	2523
التقويم البورمي	1341
التقويم البيزنطي	7487–7488
التقويم الصيني	戊午年 (التراب الحصان) 4675 أو 4615 — إلى — 己未年 (التراب الماعز) 4676 أو 4616
التقويم القبطي	1695–1696
التقويم الديسكوردي	3145
التقويم الإثيوپي	1971–1972
التقويم العبري	5739–5740
التقاويم الهندوسية
- ڤيكرام سامڤات	2035–2036
- شاكا سامڤات	1901–1902
- كالي يوگا	5080–5081
تقويم الهولوسين	11979
تقويم الإگبو	979–980
التقويم الإيراني	1357–1358
التقويم الهجري	1399–1400
التقويم الياباني	Shōwa 54 (昭和５４年)
تقويم جوچى	68
التقويم اليوليوسي	الگريگوري ناقص 13 يوم
التقويم الكوري	4312
تقويم مينگوو	جمهورية الصين 68 民國68年
التقويم الشمسي التايلندي	2522
توقيت يونيكس	283996800–315532799
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سنة 1979 (MCMLXXIX) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم الاثنين (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1979 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 979 في الألفية 2، السنة 79 في القرن 20، والسنة 10 والأخيرة في عقد 1970.

أحداث

يناير

1 يناير - أمين عام الأمم المتحدة كورت فالدهايم يعلن سنة 1979 السنة العالمية للطفل. Many musicians donate to the Music for UNICEF Concert fund including ABBA، who write the song "Chiquitita" to commemorate the event.
1 يناير - الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية والصين يتفقان على تأسيس علاقات دبلوماسية بينهما.
- The Canton of Jura comes into existence as the 26th canton of Switzerland، being formed from the predominantly French-speaking Catholic part of the Canton of Bern.
- Following a deal agreed during 1978, French carmaker Peugeot completes a takeover of American manufacturer Chrysler's European operations، which are based in Britain's former Rootes Group factories as well as the former Simca factories in France.
January 4 - The State of Ohio agrees to pay $675,000 to families of the dead and injured in the Kent State shootings.
January 5 - Queen releases "Don't Stop Me Now". It becomes one of their most popular singles.
January 7 - The People's Army of Vietnam and Vietnamese-backed Cambodian insurgents announce the fall of Phnom Penh، Cambodia، and the collapse of the Pol Pot regime. Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge retreat west to an area along the Thai border, ending large-scale fighting in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War.
January 8 - Whiddy Island Disaster: The French tanker Betelgeuse explodes at the Gulf Oil terminal at Bantry، Ireland; 50 are killed.
9 يناير - The Music for UNICEF Concert is held at the United Nations General Assembly to raise money for UNICEF and promote the Year of the Child. It is broadcast the following day in the United States and around the world. Hosted by the Bee Gees، other performers include Donna Summer، ABBA، Rod Stewart and Earth, Wind & Fire. A soundtrack album is later released.
January 16 - Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi flees Iran with his family, relocating to Egypt after a year of turmoil.
January 19 - Former U.S. Attorney General John N. Mitchell is released on parole after 19 months at a federal prison in Alabama.
January 25 - Pope John Paul II arrives in Mexico City for his first visit to Mexico, mainly for 1979's Latin American Episcopal Conference (CELAM) or Conference of Puebla.
26 يناير - The Dukes of Hazzard debuts on CBS.
January 29 - Cleveland Elementary School shooting (San Diego): Brenda Ann Spencer opens fire at a school in San Diego، California, killing 2 faculty members and wounding 8 students and a police officer. Her justification for the action, "I don't like Mondays", inspires the Boomtown Rats to make a song of the same name.

فبراير

1 فبراير - عودة آية الله روح الله الخميني إلى إيران بعد نجاح الثورة after nearly 15 years of exile.
February 2
- Former Sex Pistols bassist Sid Vicious is found dead, aged 21, of a heroin overdose in New York City, the day after being released from a 55-day sentence at Rikers Island prison on bail.
February 3 - Ayatollah Khomeini creates the Council of the Islamic Revolution.
February 7
- Iranian Revolution: Supporters of Ayatollah Khomeini take over the Iranian law enforcement, courts and government administration; the final session of the Iranian National Consultative Assembly is held.
- Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for the first time since either was known to science.
- Nazi criminal Josef Mengele suffers a stroke and drowns while swimming in Bertioga، Brazil. His remains are found in 1985.
February 10-11 - Iranian Revolution: The Iranian army withdraws to its barracks leaving power in the hands of Ayatollah Khomeini، ending the Pahlavi dynasty.
February 12 - Prime Minister Hissène Habré starts the Battle of N'Djamena in an attempt to overthrow Chad's President Félix Malloum.
February 13 - The Guardian Angels are formed in New York City as an unarmed organization of young crime fighters.
February 13 - The intense February 13, 1979 windstorm strikes western Washington and sinks a 1/2-mile-long section of the Hood Canal Bridge.
February 14
- In Kabul، Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan، Adolph Dubs، who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police.
- Following her 1972 sex reassignment surgery، musician Wendy Carlos legally changes her name from Walter. She reveals this information in an interview in the May 1979 issue of Playboy magazine.
February 15 - A suspected gas explosion in a Warsaw bank kills 49.
February 17 - The People's Republic of China invades northern Vietnam، launching the Sino-Vietnamese War.
February 18 - The Sahara Desert experiences snow for 30 minutes.
February 20 - This Old House premieres on PBS.
February 22 - Saint Lucia becomes independent of the United Kingdom.
February 26
- A total solar eclipse، the last visible from the continental United States until 2017, arcs over northern coterminous USA and southeastern Canada ending in Greenland. A partial solar eclipse is visible over almost all of North America and Central America including the eastern half of AK and the western half of UK.^[1]
- The Superliner railcar enters revenue service with Amtrak.
February 27 - The annual Mardi Gras celebration in New Orleans is cancelled due to a strike called by the New Orleans Police Department.

March

March 1
- Scottish devolution referendum: Scotland votes in favour for a Scottish Assembly, which is not implemented due to failing a condition that at least 40% of the electorate must support the proposal; in a Welsh devolution referendum، Wales votes against devolution.
- Philips publicly demonstrate a prototype of an optical digital audio disc at a press conference in Eindhoven، Netherlands.
March 4 - The U.S. Voyager 1 spaceprobe photos reveal Jupiter's rings.
March 5 - Voyager 1 makes its closest approach to Jupiter at 172,000 miles.
March 7 - The largest Magnetar (Soft gamma repeater) event is recorded.
March 8 - Philips demonstrates the compact disc publicly for the first time.
March 13 - Maurice Bishop leads a successful coup in Grenada. His government will be crushed by American intervention in 1983.
March 14 - In China, a Hawker Siddeley Trident crashes into a factory near Beijing, killing at least 200.
March 16 - End of major hostilities in the Sino-Vietnamese War.
March 17 - The Penmanshiel Tunnel in the U.K. collapses, killing 2 workers.
March 18 - Ten miners die in a methane gas explosion at Golborne Colliery near Wigan، Greater Manchester، England.^[2]
March 22 - The NHL votes to approve its merger with the WHA، effective in the fall.
March 25 - The first fully functional Space Shuttle orbiter, Columbia، is delivered to the Kennedy Space Center، to be prepared for its first launch.
March 26
- In a ceremony at the White House، President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel sign an Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty.
- Michigan State University، led by Earvin "Magic" Johnson، defeats Larry Bird-led Indiana State 75-64 in the NCAA tournament championship game at Salt Lake City.
March 28
- In Britain, James Callaghan's minority Labour government loses a motion of confidence by 1 vote, forcing a general election which is to be held on 3 May.^[3]
- America's most serious nuclear power plant accident occurs, at Three Mile Island، Pennsylvania.
March 29 - Sultan Yahya Petra of Kelantan، the 6th Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Head of State) of Malaysia، dies in office. He is replaced by Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang.
March 30 - Airey Neave، World War II veteran and Conservative Northern Ireland spokesman, is killed by an Irish National Liberation Army bomb in the British House of Commons car park.
March 31
- The last British soldier (belonging to the Royal Navy) leaves the Maltese Islands، after 179 years of presence. Malta declares its Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien).
- Gali Atari and Milk and Honey win the Eurovision Song Contest 1979 for Israel، with the song "Hallelujah".

أبريل

April 1
- Iran's government becomes an Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially.
- The Pinwheel Network changes its name to Nickelodeon and begins airing on various Warner Cable systems beginning in Buffalo, New York, expanding its audience reach.
April 1 - April 18 - Police lock Andreas Mihavecz in a holding cell in Bregenz، Austria and forget about him, leaving him there without food or drink.
April 2 - Sverdlovsk anthrax leak: A Soviet biowarfare laboratory at Sverdlovsk accidentally releases airborne anthrax spores, killing 66 plus an unknown amount of livestock. It is a violation of the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972.
April 6 - Student protests break out in Nepal.
April 7 - In Japan, Yoshiyuki Tomino directed Mobile Suit Gundam, the first series of the metaseries of the same name.
April 10 – A tornado hits Wichita Falls, Texas، killing 42 people (the most notable of 26 tornadoes that day).
11 أبريل - القوات التنزانية تستولي على العاصمة الأوغندية كمبالا وهروب عيدي أمين منها.
April 13 - The La Soufrière volcano erupts in St. Vincent and the Grenadines.
April 15 - 1979 Montenegro earthquake: A major earthquake (7.0 on the Richter scale) strikes Montenegro (then part of Yugoslavia) and parts of Albania، causing extensive damage to coastal areas and taking 136 lives; the old town of Budva is devastated.
April 17 - Schoolchildren in the Central African Republic are arrested (and around 100 killed) for protesting against compulsory school uniforms. An African judicial commission later determines that Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa "almost certainly" took part in the massacre.
April 20 - President Jimmy Carter is attacked by a swamp rabbit while fishing in his hometown of Plains, Georgia، USA.
April 22 - The Albert Einstein Memorial is unveiled at The National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C.
April 23 - Fighting breaks out in London between the Anti-Nazi League and the Metropolitan Police's Special Patrol Group; protester Blair Peach receives fatal injuries during the incident, now officially attributed to the SPG.

مايو

1 مايو - جرينلاند تحصل على الحكم الذاتي، with its own Parliament sitting in Nuuk.
4 مايو - المحافظون يفوزون في الانتخابات البريطانية ومارجريت تاتشر تعين كرئيسة للوزراء becomes the country's first female prime minister, ending the rule of James Callaghan's Labour government.^[4]
May 8 - The Woolworth's store in Manchester city centre in England is seriously damaged by fire; 10 shoppers die.
May 9
- The Salvadoran Civil War begins.
- A Unabomber bomb injures Northwestern University graduate student John Harris.
May 10 - The Federated States of Micronesia becomes self-governing.
May 21
- Dan White receives a light sentence for killing San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk. Gay men in the city riot.
May 25
- American Airlines Flight 191: In Chicago, a DC-10 crashes during takeoff at O'Hare International Airport، killing all 271 on board and 2 people on the ground in the deadliest aviation accident in U. S. history.
- John Spenkelink is executed in Florida، in the first use of the electric chair in America after the reintroduction of the death penalty in 1976.
- Etan Patz, 6 years old, is kidnapped in New York. He is often referred to as the "Boy on the Milk Carton" and the investigation later sprouts into one of the most prolific child abduction cases of all time. This is a cold case until 2010 when it is re-opened.
May 27 - Indianapolis 500: Rick Mears wins the race for the first time, and car owner Roger Penske for the second time.

June

June - McDonald's introduces the Happy Meal.
June 1
- The Vizianagaram district is formed in Andhra Pradesh، India.
- The first black-led government of Rhodesia in 90 years takes power, in succession to Ian Smith and under his power-sharing deal.
- The Seattle SuperSonics win the NBA Championship against the Washington Bullets.
June 2
- Pope John Paul II arrives in his native Poland on his first official, nine-day stay, becoming the first Pope to visit a Communist country. This visit, known as nine days that changed the world, brings about the solidarity of the Polish people against Communism, ultimately leading to the rise of the Solidarity movement.
- Los Angeles' city council passes the city's first homosexual rights bill signed without fanfare by mayor Thomas Bradley.
June 3
- A blowout at the Ixtoc I oil well in the southern Gulf of Mexico causes at least 600,000 tons (176,400,000 gallons) of oil to be spilled into the waters, the worst oil spill to date. Some estimate the spill to be 428 million gallons, making it the largest unintentional oil spill until it was surpassed by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010.
- General elections are held in Italy.
June 4
- Joe Clark becomes Canada's 16th and youngest Prime Minister.
- Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings takes power in Ghana after a military coup in which General Fred Akuffo is overthrown.
- Following the Information Scandal، John Vorster resigns as State President of South Africa.^[5]
June 7 - The first direct elections to the European Parliament begin, allowing citizens from across all then-9 European Community member states to elect 410 MEPs. It is also the first international election in history.
June 12 - Bryan Allen flies the man-powered Gossamer Albatross across the English Channel.
June 18 - Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II agreement in Vienna.
June 19 - Marais Viljoen becomes State President of South Africa.^[5]
June 20 - A Nicaraguan National Guard soldier kills ABC TV news correspondent Bill Stewart and his interpreter Juan Espinosa. Other members of the news crew capture the killing on tape.
June 22 - The Muppet Movie is released.
June 23 - Sydney: New South Wales Premier Neville Wran officially opens the Eastern Suburbs Railway. It operates as a shuttle between Central & Bondi Junction until full integration with the Illawarra Line in 1980.
June 24 - Bologna: The Permanent Peoples' Tribunal، an international opinion tribunal, is founded at the initiative of Senator Lelio Basso.
June 25 - Belgium: NATO Supreme Allied Commander Alexander Haig escapes an assassination attempt by the Baader-Meinhof terrorist organization.

يوليو

July 1
- Sweden outlaws corporal punishment in the home.
- The Sony Walkman goes on sale for the first time in Japan.
July 3 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs the first directive for secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul.
July 5 - Queen Elizabeth II attends the millennium celebrations of the Isle of Man's Parliament, Tynwald.^[6]
July 8 - Los Angeles passes its gay and lesbian civil rights bill.
July 9 - A car bomb destroys a Renault owned by Nazi hunters Serge and Beate Klarsfeld at their home in France. A note purportedly from ODESSA claims responsibility.
July 11 - NASA's first orbiting space station Skylab begins its return to Earth، after being in orbit for 6 years and 2 months.
July 12
- The Gilbert Islands become fully independent of the United Kingdom as Kiribati.
- A Disco Demolition Night publicity stunt goes awry at Comiskey Park، forcing the Chicago White Sox to forfeit their game against the Detroit Tigers.
- Carmine Galante، boss of the Bonanno crime family، is assassinated in Brooklyn.
- A fire at a hotel in Zaragoza، Spain, leaves 72 dead, the worst hotel fire in Europe in decades.
July 15 - President Jimmy Carter addresses the nation in a televised speech talking about the "crisis of confidence" in America today; it would go on to be known as his "national malaise" speech.
16 يوليو - استقالة الرئيس العراقي أحمد حسن البكر، وصعود نائبه صدام حسين إلى سدة الحكم.
July 17 - Nicaraguan dictator General Anastasio Somoza Debayle resigns and flees to Miami.
July 21
- The Sandinista National Liberation Front concludes a successful revolutionary campaign against the U.S.-backed Somoza dictatorship and assumes power in Nicaragua.
- Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo becomes prime minister of Portugal.
- Maritza Sayalero of Venezuela wins the Miss Universe pageant; the stage collapses after contestants and news photographers rush to her throne.
- The Disco music genre dominates and peaks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, with the first six spots (beginning with Donna Summer's Bad Girls), and seven of the chart's top ten songs ending that week.
July 22 - 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge: Iraqi president Saddam Hussein arranges the arrest and later execution of nearly seventy members of his ruling Ba'ath Party.

August

August 3 - Dictator Francisco Macías Nguema of Equatorial Guinea is overthrown in a bloody coup d'état led by Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.
August 4 - Opening game of the American Football Bundesliga played between Frankfurter Löwen and Düsseldorf Panther، first-ever league game of American football in Germany.^[7]
August 5 - The Polisario Front signs a peace treaty with Mauritania. Mauritania withdraws from the Western Sahara territory it had occupied, and cedes it to the SADR.
August 8 - Two American commercial divers, Richard Walker and Victor Guiel, die of hypothermia after their diving bell becomes stranded at a depth of over 160 متر (520 ft) in the East Shetland Basin. The legal repercussions of the accident will lead to important safety changes in the diving industry.^[8]^[9]
August 9
- A nudist beach is established in Brighton.
- Raymond Washington، co-founder of the Crips، today one of the largest, most notorious gangs in the United States, is killed in a drive-by shooting in Los Angeles (his killers have not yet been identified).
August 10 - Michael Jackson releases his breakthrough album Off the Wall. It sells 7 million copies in the United States alone, making it a 7x platinum album.
August 11 - The former Mauritanian province of Tiris al-Gharbiyya in Western Sahara is annexed by Morocco.
August 14 - A freak storm during the Fastnet Race results in the deaths of 15 sailors.
August 27 - Lord Mountbatten of Burma and 3 others are assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army. He was a British admiral, statesman and an uncle of The Duke of Edinburgh. On the same day, the Warrenpoint ambush occurs, killing 18 British soldiers.
August 28 - The death toll of the previous day's IRA bombing reaches 5 when Doreen Knatchbull, Baroness Brabourne، 83, dies in a hospital as a result of her injuries.
August 29 - A national referendum is held in which Somali voters approve a new liberal constitution, promulgated by President Siad Barre to placate the United States.

September

September 1
- The U.S. Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn، when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 km.
- Sri Lanka Army Women's Corps is formed.
September 7 - The first cable sports channel, ESPN، known as the Entertainment Sports Programming Network, is launched.
September 9 - The long-running comic strip For Better or For Worse begins its run.
September 12 - Hurricane Frederic makes landfall at 10:00 p.m. on Alabama's Gulf Coast.
September 13 - South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of Venda (not recognised outside South Africa.
September 15 - Peter McCormack (Pete the Jakey) Invented the Beefy Bake. This is a reference to Still Game.
September 16 - Two families flee from East Germany by balloon.
September 20 - French paratroopers help David Dacko to overthrow Bokassa in the Central African Republic.
September 22 - The South Atlantic Flash is observed near the Prince Edward Islands، thought to be a nuclear weapons test conducted by South Africa and Israel.
September 29 - The dictator Francisco Macias of Equatorial Guinea is shot by soldiers from Western Sahara.
September 30 - The Hong Kong MTR begins service with the opening of its Modified Initial System (aka Kwun Tong Line).

October

October 1 - Nigeria terminates military rule, and the Second Nigerian Republic is established.
October 1 - October 7 - Pope John Paul II visits the United States, starting in Boston.
October 1 - The MTR، the rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong, opens.
October 2 - Pope John Paul II arrives in New York City for his first papal tour where he addresses the U.N. General Assembly against all forms of concentration camps and torture.
October 3 - An EF4 Tornado hits Windsor Locks, Connecticut، causing extensive damage to the town.
October 6 - Federal Reserve System changes from an interest rate target policy to a money supply target policy.
October 7 - Pope John Paul II ends his first U.S. papal visit in Washington, D.C with his first ever visit to the White House.
October 9 – Peter Brock wins the Bathurst 1000 by a record 6 laps, with a lap record on the last lap.
October 12
- Near Guam، Typhoon Tip reaches a record intensity of 870 millibars, the lowest pressure recorded at sea level. This makes Tip the most powerful tropical cyclone in known world history.
- Thorbjörn Fälldin returns as Prime Minister of Sweden، replacing Ola Ullsten who becomes Foreign Minister of Sweden .
October 14 - National March for gay rights takes place in Washington, D.C.، involving tens of thousands of people.
October 15 - Black Monday events, in which members of a political group sack a newspaper office, unfold in Malta.
October 16 - A tsunami in Nice، France kills 23 people.
October 19 - 13 U.S. Marines die in a fire at Camp Fuji، Japan as a result of Typhoon Tip.^[10]
October 20 - The first McDonald's in Singapore opens at Liat Towers in Orchard Road.^[11]^[12]
October 26 - Park Chung-hee، the President of South Korea، is assassinated by KCIA director Kim Jae-gyu.
October 27 - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gains independence from the United Kingdom.

November

November 1
- Military coup in Bolivia.
- Iran hostage crisis: Iranian Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini urges his people to demonstrate on November 4 and to expand attacks on United States and Israeli interests.
November 2
- French police shoot gangster Jacques Mesrine in Paris.
- Assata Shakur (née Joanne Chesimard), a former member of the Black Panther Party and Black Liberation Army, escapes from a New York prison to Cuba, where she remains under political asylum.
November 3 - In Greensboro, North Carolina، 5 members of the Communist Workers Party are shot to death and 7 are wounded by a group of Klansmen and neo-Nazis، during a "Death to the Klan" rally.
November 4 - Iran hostage crisis begins: 500 Iranian radicals, mostly students, invade the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and take 90 hostages (53 of whom are American). They demand that the United States send the former Shah of Iran back to stand trial.
November 5
- All Saints' Massacre: The military junta in Bolivia initiates a violent crack-down on its opponents.
- The radio news program Morning Edition premieres on National Public Radio in the United States.
November 6 - At Montevideo، Uruguay، the International Olympic Committee adopts a resolution, whereby Taiwan Olympic and sports teams will participate with the name Chinese Taipei in future Olympic Games and international sports tournaments and championships.
November 7 - U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy announces that he will challenge President Jimmy Carter for the 1980 Democratic presidential nomination.
November 9
- The Carl Bridgewater murder trial ends in England with all 4 men found guilty. James Robinson, 45, and 25-year-old Vincent Hickey are sentenced to life imprisonment with a recommended 25-year minimum for murder. 18-year-old Michael Hickey is also found guilty of murder and sentenced to indefinite detention. Patrick Molloy, 53, is found guilty on a lesser charge of manslaughter and sentenced to 12 years in prison.^[13]
- Nuclear false alarm: the NORAD computers and the Alternate National Military Command Center in Fort Ritchie, Maryland، detect an apparent massive Soviet nuclear strike. After reviewing the raw data from satellites and checking the early-warning radars, the alert is cancelled.^[14]
November 10 - 1979 Mississauga train derailment: A 106-car Canadian Pacific freight train carrying explosive and poisonous chemicals from Windsor, Ontario, Canada derails in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada just west of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, causing a massive explosion and the largest peacetime evacuation in Canadian history and one of the largest in North American history.
November 12
- Iran hostage crisis: In response to the hostage situation in Tehran، U.S. President Jimmy Carter orders a halt to all oil imports into the United States from Iran.
- Süleyman Demirel، of the Justice Party (AP) forms the new government of إيطاليا (43rd government, a minority government).
November 14 - Iran hostage crisis: U.S. President Jimmy Carter issues Executive Order 12170، freezing all Iranian assets in the United States and U.S. banks in response to the hostage crisis.
November 15 - British art historian and former Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures Anthony Blunt's role as the "fourth man" of the 'Cambridge Five' double agents for the Soviet NKVD during World War II is revealed by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom;^[15] she gives further details on November 21.^[16]
November 16 - Bucharest Metro Line One is opened, in Bucharest، Romania (from Timpuri Noi to Semanatoarea stations, 8.63 km).
November 17 - Iran hostage crisis: Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and African American hostages being held at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran.
November 20 - Grand Mosque seizure: A group of 200 Juhayman al-Otaybi militants occupy Mecca's Masjid al-Haram، the holiest place in Islam. They are driven out by French commandos (allowed into the city under these special circumstances despite their being non-Muslims) after bloody fighting that leaves 250 people dead and 600 wounded.
November 21 - After false radio reports from the Ayatollah Khomeini that the Americans had occupied the Grand Mosque in Mecca، the United States Embassy in Islamabad، Pakistan is attacked by a mob and set afire, killing 4, and disturbing Pakistan–United States relations.
November 23 - In Dublin، Ireland, Provisional Irish Republican Army member Thomas McMahon is sentenced to life in prison for the assassination of Lord Mountbatten of Burma.
November 25 - Last cargo of phosphate shipped from Banaba Island.
November 28 - Air New Zealand Flight 901: an Air New Zealand DC-10 crashes into Mount Erebus in Antarctica on a sightseeing trip, killing all 257 people on board.
November 30 - The Wall, a rock opera and concept album by Pink Floyd، is first released.

December

December 3
- The Who concert disaster: eleven fans are killed during a crowd crush for unreserved seats before The Who rock concert at the Riverfront Coliseum in Cincinnati.
- The United States dollar exchange rate with the Deutsche Mark falls to 1.7079 DM, the all-time low so far; this record is not broken until November 5, 1987.
- Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini becomes the first Supreme Leader of Iran.
December 4 - The Hastie fire in Kingston upon Hull، England, leads to the deaths of 3 boys and begins the hunt for Bruce George Peter Lee، the UK's most prolific killer.
December 5 - Jack Lynch resigns as Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland; he is succeeded by Charles Haughey.
December 6 - The world premiere of Star Trek: The Motion Picture is held at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
December 9 - The eradication of the smallpox virus is certified, making smallpox the first of only two human diseases that have been driven to extinction (rinderpest in 2011 being the other).
December 12
- The 8.2 M_w Tumaco earthquake shakes Colombia and Ecuador with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 300–600, and generating a large tsunami.
- Coup d'état of December Twelfth: South Korean Army Major General Chun Doo-hwan orders the arrest of Army Chief of Staff General Jeong Seung-hwa without authorization from President Choi Kyu-hah، alleging involvement in the assassination of ex-President Park Chung-hee.
- The unrecognised state of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia returns to British control and resumes using the name Southern Rhodesia.
December 15 - The directorial debut of Hayao Miyazaki، The Castle of Cagliostro based on the manga series Lupin III is released in Japan.
December 21 - A ceasefire for Rhodesia is signed at London.
December 23 - The highest aerial tramway in Europe, the Klein Matterhorn، opens.
December 24
- The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan، and Babrak Karmal replaces overthrown and executed President Hafizullah Amin، which begins the war.
- The first European Ariane rocket is launched.
December 26 - In Rhodesia، 96 Patriotic Front guerrillas enter the capital Salisbury to monitor a ceasefire that begins December 28.

مجهولة التاريخ

The One-child policy is introduced in China – it contributes to Missing women of China. It was loosened in 2013.
Hànyǔ Pīnyīn is widely adopted as the official romanization system for Standard Chinese، leading to changes in Western spelling of Chinese toponyms.
VisiCalc becomes the first commercial spreadsheet program.
The first usenet experiments are conducted by Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis of Duke University.
Worldwide per capita oil production reaches a historic peak.
Chrysler receives government loan guarantees upon the request of CEO Lee Iacocca.
The remains of Tsar Nicholas II and some of the Romanovs are discovered and exhumed near Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg).
NBC introduces a new version of its famous peacock, used in conjunction with the 1975-style N, for the Fall season.

Births

January

1 يناير
- Brody Dalle، Australian singer
- Gisela، Spanish pop singer and a Spanish dub actress
- Koichi Domoto، Japanese entertainer (KinKi Kids)
2 يناير
- Erica Hubbard، American actress
January 3
- Francesco Bellissimo، Italian Chef
- Koit Toome، Estonian singer and musical actor
- Rie Tanaka، Japanese voice actress
January 4 - Kevin Kuske، German Olympic bobsledder
January 6
- Christina Chanée، Danish-Thai pop singer
- Bernice Liu، Hong Kong actress
- Cristela Alonzo، American actress and comedian
January 7
- Bipasha Basu، Indian actress and model
- Christian Lindner، German politician
January 8 - Stipe Pletikosa، Croatian football goalkeeper
9 يناير
- Jake Shields، UFC fighter
- Joshua Harto، American actor
- Tomiko Van، Japanese singer (Do As Infinity)
January 10
- Chris Smith، African-American rapper (Kris Kross)
- James Lloyd, British actor
January 11 - Siti Nurhaliza، Malaysian singer
January 12
- Marián Hossa، Slovak ice hockey player
- Lee Bo-young، South Korean actress and model
- Grzegorz Rasiak، Polish footballer
January 14 - Angela Lindvall، American model
January 15
- Drew Brees، American football player
- Martin Petrov، Bulgarian footballer
January 16 - Aaliyah، African-American R&B singer and actress (ت. 2001)
January 17 - Sharon Chan، Hong Kong actress
January 18
- Jay Chou، Taiwanese singer, song producer and actor
- Paulo Ferreira، Portuguese footballer
- Leo Varadkar، 14th Taoiseach of Ireland
- Mark Anthony Fernandez، Filipino actor
January 19 - Svetlana Khorkina، Russian artistic gymnast
January 20
- Asaka Kubo، Japanese gravure idol
- Will Young، English singer
January 21 - Brian O'Driscoll، Irish rugby union player
January 23 - Larry Hughes، American basketball player
January 24 - Tatyana Ali، African-American actress
January 27
- Daniel Vettori، New Zealand cricketer
- Rosamund Pike، British actress
January 29 - B. J. Flores، American boxer
January 31 - Jenny Wolf، German speed skater

February

February 1
- Julie Augustyniak، American footballer
- Valentín Elizalde، Mexican singer (ت. 2006)
- Peter Fulton، New Zealand cricketer
- Clodoaldo Silva، Brazilian paralympian swimmer
February 2
- Fani Chalkia، Greek athlete
- Mayer Hawthorne، American soul singer
- Shamita Shetty، Indian actress and interior designer
- Yuichi Tsuchiya، Japanese actor
February 4 - Andrei Arlovski، Belarusian mixed martial artist
February 5 - Katie Brambley، Canadian distance freestyle swimmer
February 6 - David Dolníček، Czech ice hockey player
February 7
- Michał Karwan، Polish footballer
- Tawakkol Karman، Yemeni politician
February 8 - Martin Rowlands، Irish footballer
February 9
- Zhang Ziyi، Chinese actress and model
- Irina Slutskaya، Russian figure skater
February 10 - Daryl Palumbo، American musician; who fronted bands, such as (Glassjaw)
February 11 - Brandy Norwood، African-American singer and actress
February 12
- Antonio Chatman، American football player
- Jesse Spencer، Australian actor
February 13
- Anders Behring Breivik، Norwegian right-wing militant
- Mena Suvari، American actress
- Rafael Márquez، Mexican footballer
February 14 - Jocelyn Quivrin، French actor (ت. 2009)
February 15 - Gordon Shedden، Scottish race car driver
February 16
- Valentino Rossi، Italian seven-time MotoGP world champion
- Eric Mun، leader of Korean boy-band Shinhwa
February 18 - Tyrone D. Burton، American actor
February 19
- Mariana Ochoa، Mexican singer and actress
- Vitas، Ukrainian Singer, Model, and Fashion Designer.
February 21
- Maria Annus، Estonian actress
- Carly Colón، Puerto Rican professional wrestler
- Christopher Hayes، American Journalist
- Jennifer Love Hewitt، American actress and singer
February 22
- Patrick Merrill، Canadian lacrosse player
- Maryke Hendrikse، Canadian voice actress
February 25 - László Bodnár، Hungarian footballer
February 26
- Corinne Bailey Rae، British singer-songwriter and guitarist
- Susana Diazayas، Mexican actress
February 28
- Michael Bisping، Cypriot mixed martial artist
- Sébastien Bourdais، French racing driver
- Sander van Doorn، Dutch DJ and electronic music producer

March

March 3 - Jon Bailey، American male voice actor
March 4
- Ben Fouhy، New Zealand flatwater canoeist
- Geoff Huegill، Australian swimmer
- Jon Fratelli، Scottish singer (The Fratellis)
March 5 - Tang Gonghong، Chinese weightlifter
March 6 - Érik Bédard، Canadian pitcher
March 7 - Stephanie Anne Mills، Canadian voice actress
March 8
- Tom Chaplin، British singer (Keane)
- Jessica Jaymes، American porn actress
March 9
- Oscar Isaac، Guatemalan-American actor
- Melina Perez، American professional wrestler
March 10
- Danny Pudi، American actor and comedian
March 11 - Benji Madden and Joel Madden، American musicians (Good Charlotte)
March 12 - Pete Doherty، British singer and guitarist (The Libertines، Babyshambles)
March 14
- Nicolas Anelka، French footballer
- Gao Ling، Chinese badminton player
- Chris Klein، American actor
- Michele Riondino، Italian actor
March 15 - Kevin Youkilis، American baseball player
March 17 - Samoa Joe، American wrestler
March 18
- Shola Ama، English singer
- Adam Levine، American singer (Maroon 5)
March 19
- Emil Dimitriev، Macedonian politician, Prime Minister
- Hedo Türkoğlu، Turkish basketball player
March 20
- Freema Agyeman، British actress
- Molly Jenson، American musician
- Bianca Lawson، American actress
March 21 - Jimenez Lai، American architect
March 23 - Bryan Fletcher، American football player
March 25
- Lee Pace، American actor
- Traxamillion، American producer rapper
- Gorilla Zoe، American rapper
March 29 - Estela Giménez، Spanish gymnast
March 30
- Norah Jones، American musician
- Simon Webbe، English singer (Blue)
March 31 - Tanya Tate، English porn actress

April

April 1 - Mikko Franck، Finnish conductor
April 2 - Jesse Carmichael، American musician (Maroon 5)
April 3
- Živilė Balčiūnaitė، Lithuanian long-distance runner
- Grégoire، French singer-songwriter
April 4
- Heath Ledger، Australian actor and music video director (ت. 2008)
- Roberto Luongo، Canadian ice hockey goaltender
April 8
- Tom Kurzanski، American comic artist
- Alexi Laiho، Finnish rock guitarist (Children of Bodom)
April 9
- Keshia Knight Pulliam، African-American actress
- Mario Matt، Austrian alpine skier
- Ben Silverstone، British actor
April 10
- Rachel Corrie، American activist (ت. 2003)
- Tsuyoshi Domoto، Japanese entertainer (KinKi Kids)
- Sophie Ellis-Bextor، British singer
April 11
- Michel Riesen، Swiss ice hockey player
- Sebastien Grainger، Canadian singer and musician
April 12
- Claire Danes، American actress
- Jennifer Morrison، American actress
April 13
- Baron Davis، American basketball player
- Tony Lundon، Irish singer (Liberty X)
April 14
- Rebecca DiPietro، American model
- Pierre Roland، Indonesian actor
April 15 - Luke Evans، Welsh actor and singer
April 16 - Christijan Albers، Dutch racing driver
April 17 - Sung Si-kyung، South Korean pop/ballad singer
April 18
- Michael Bradley، American basketball player
- Anthony Davidson، English racing driver
- Yusuke Kamiji، Japanese actor
- Kourtney Kardashian، American reality television star
April 19
- Kate Hudson، American actress, co-founder of Fabletics
- Antoaneta Stefanova، Bulgarian chess player
April 21
- James McAvoy، Scottish actor
- Karin Rask، Estonian actress
April 22 - Daniel Johns، Australian musician (Silverchair)
April 23
- Lauri Ylönen، Finnish singer (The Rasmus)
- Jaime King، American actress
- Yana Gupta، Indian actress of Czech origin
April 24
- Laurentia Tan، Singaporean Paralympic equestrienne
- Avey Tare، American musician
April 25
- Andreas Küttel، Swiss ski jumper
- Andrea Osvárt، Hungarian actress
April 26 - Janne Wirman، Finnish keyboardist (Children of Bodom)
April 27 - Travis Meeks، American musician (Days of the New)
April 28 - Bahram Radan، Iranian actor
April 29
- Jo O'Meara، English singer (S Club 7)
- Matt Tong، drummer (Bloc Party)
April 30 - Shelley Calene-Black، American voice actress

May

May 1
- Mauro Bergamasco، Italian rugby union player
- Lars Berger، Norwegian biathlete and cross-country skier
May 2 - Jason Chimera، Canadian ice hockey player
May 3
- Danny Foster، English singer (Hear'Say)
- Ingrid Isotamm، Estonian actress
May 4
- Wes Butters، English broadcaster
- Lance Bass، American singer ('N Sync)
May 5 - Vincent Kartheiser، American actor
May 6
- Mark Burrier، American cartoonist
- Kerry Ellis، English stage actress/singer
- Gerd Kanter، Estonian discus thrower
- Jon Montgomery، Canadian former skeleton racer and television personality; host of The Amazing Race Canada
May 9
- Pierre Bouvier، Canadian musician
- Rosario Dawson، American actress
May 10 - Lee Hyori، South Korean entertainer
May 12 - Adrian Serioux، Canadian soccer player
May 13
- Mickey Madden، American musician (Maroon 5)
- Carl Philip، Prince of Sweden
- Sid Ahmed Rezala، French serial killer
May 14 - Urijah Faber، WEC Featherweight Champion
May 15 - Ryan Max Riley، humorist and national champion skier
May 16 - Jessica Morris، American actress
May 18
- Mariusz Lewandowski، Polish footballer
- Jens Bergensten ("Jeb"), Swedish game designer and co-founder of the game company Mojang
May 19
- Andrea Pirlo، Italian footballer
- Diego Forlán، Uruguayan football player
May 21 - Sonja Vectomov، Czech musician/composer
May 22 - Maggie Q، American actress
May 23 - Matt Flynn، drummer for the alternative band, Maroon 5
May 24
- Frank Mir، American mixed martial artist
- Tracy McGrady، American basketball player
May 25 - Jonny Wilkinson، English rugby union player
May 26 - Ashley Massaro، American wrestler and model
May 27 - Michael Buonauro، American comic creator
May 28 - Jesse Bradford، American actor
May 29 - Brian Kendrick، American wrestler
May 30
- Mike Bishai، Canadian ice hockey player
- Clint Bowyer، American race car driver
- Rie Kugimiya، Japanese voice actress and singer

June

June 1 - Markus "Notch" Persson، Swedish video game programmer and designer, co-founder the video game company Mojang
June 2 - Morena Baccarin، Brazilian actress
June 4 - Christopher Dorner، American soldier, policeman and multiple murderer (ت. 2013)
June 5 - Pete Wentz، American musician, lyricist, and bassist (Fall Out Boy)
June 6 - Shanda Sharer، American murder victim (ت. 1992)
June 8 - Pete Orr، Canadian baseball player
June 9 - Émilie Loit، French tennis player
June 10 - Lee Brice، American country music singer-songwriter
June 12
- Amandine Bourgeois، French singer
- Dallas Clark، American football player
- Diego Milito، Argentine football player
- Jodie Prenger، British actress
- Robyn، Swedish singer-songwriter
June 13
- Nila Håkedal، Norwegian beach volleyball player
- Ágnes Csomor، Hungarian actress
June 14
- Paradorn Srichaphan، Thai tennis player
- Alton Sterling، American man fatally shot by a Baton Rouge، Louisiana، police officer (ت. 2016)
June 15 - Yulia Nestsiarenka، Belarusian athlete
June 16 - Ari Hest، American singer-songwriter
June 18
- Yumiko Kobayashi، Japanese voice actress
- Chris Neil، Canadian ice hockey player
- Ivana Wong، Hong Kong singer-songwriter
June 19
- John Duddy، Irish boxer
- Kate Tsui، Hong Kong actress
June 21 - Chris Pratt، American actor
June 22 - Sandra Klösel، German tennis player
June 23 - LaDainian Tomlinson، American football player
June 24
- Petra Němcová، Czech model
- Joaquín de Orbegoso، Peruvian actor
- Craig Shergold، British cancer patient
- Mindy Kaling، American actress, comedian and author
June 25 - Busy Philipps، American film actress
June 26
- Ryan Tedder، American singer (OneRepublic), songwriter and producer
- Julia Benson، Canadian actress
June 28
- Felicia Day، American actress, writer, director, violinist, and singer
- Randy McMichael، American football player
June 29
- Abz Love، English singer (5ive)
- Marleen Veldhuis، Dutch swimmer
- Yehuda Levi، Israeli actor and male model
- Liliana Castro، Ecuadorian-born Brazilian actress
- Artur Avila، Brazilian and French mathematician
June 30
- Rick Gonzalez، American actor
- Faisal Shahzad، Pakistani-American bomber
- Matisyahu، Jewish American reggae vocalist, beatboxer, and alternative rock musician
- Nelson Lucas، Seychellois sprinter
- Christopher Jacot، Canadian actor