پنوم پن

Coordinates: 11°33′00″N 104°55′00″E / 11.55°N 104.9167°E / 11.55; 104.9167
(تم التحويل من Phnom Penh)
پنوم پن
ភ្នំពេញ
Phnom Penh
مع عقارب الساعة، من أعلى: القصر الملكي، نصب الاستقلال, Sisowath Quay, المتحف الوطني، Bayon roundabout, السوق المركزي, الپاگودا الفضية، Wat Phnom, Choeung Ek و نصب نورودوم سيهانوك التذكاري
مع عقارب الساعة، من أعلى: القصر الملكي، نصب الاستقلال, Sisowath Quay, المتحف الوطني، Bayon roundabout, السوق المركزي, الپاگودا الفضية، Wat Phnom, Choeung Ek و نصب نورودوم سيهانوك التذكاري
الختم الرسمي لـ پنوم پن
الشعار
الكنية: 
لؤلؤة آسيا (قبل عقد 1960)
خريطة
پنوم پن is located in كمبوديا
پنوم پن
پنوم پن
الموقع في كمبوديا
پنوم پن is located in آسيا
پنوم پن
پنوم پن
الموقع في آسيا
الإحداثيات: 11°33′N 104°55′E / 11.550°N 104.917°E / 11.550; 104.917
البلدFlag of كمبوديا كمبوديا
مقاطعةپنوم پن
التقسيمات8 أحياء (khans)
استوطنت1372
أصبحت عاصمة1865
الحكومة
 • النوعبلدية
 • عمدة وحاكمH.E. Keb Chutema
(خمير وسطى: កែប ជុគិមា)
 • نواب الحاكمH.E. Than Sina, H.E. Map Sarin, H.E. Seng Tong
المساحة
[1]
 • المدينة290 كم² (110 ميل²)
المنسوب
11٫89 m (39 ft)
التعداد
 (مايو 2009)[1]
 • المدينة2٬000٬064
 • الكثافة4٬571٫3/km2 (11٬840/sq mi)
 • Urban
1٬242٬241
 • اسم المواطن
Phnom Penher
 • اللهجة
پنوم پن بالخمير
منطقة التوقيتUTC/GMT +7 ساعات
مفتاح الهاتف855 (023)
الموقع الإلكترونيhttp://www.phnompenh.gov.kh

پنوم پـِن أو بنوم بنه (خمير وسطى: ភ្នំពេញ، الرومنة الرسمية: Phnum Pénh؛ تـُنطـق [pʰnum pɯɲ] في لغة خمير، و /pəˈnɒm ˈpɛn/ أو /ˈnɒm ˈpɛn/ بالإنگليزية [2] إنگليزية: Phnom Penh) هي عاصمة كمبوديا وأكبر مدنها ومركزها التجاري. كانت تعرف بلؤلؤة آسيا عام 1920، اشتهرت المدينة بجمعها بين نمط الخمير التقليدي والطابع الفرنسي بحكم الإستعمار.

تعتبر المدينة من أغنى مدن كمبوديا، كما تعتبر المركز السياسي، الإقتصادي والثقافي للدولة. يسكنها حوالي مليونان من 15 مليون مجموع سكان كمبوديا. وتقع في الجزء الأوسط الجنوبيّ من البلاد، حيث يتلاقى نهرا تونلي ساب، وباساك مع نهر ميكونج. تؤدي بِنْوْم بنَّه دور المركز التجاري والصناعي الكمبودي، كما يوجد فيها معامل للتقطير وطواحين الأرز، ومصانع النسيج.

أصل التسمية

ستوپات أمام وات پنوم

تأخذ مدينة پنوم پن اسمها من معبد وات پنوم أو معبد التل. وتروي أسطورة أنه في عام 1372 ذهبت راهبة عجوز، اسمها پـِن لتحضر الماء من نهر مـِكونگ وعثرت على شجرة كوكي ميتة طافية مع التيار. داخل فجوة في جذع الشجرة الطافي كان يوجد أربع تماثيل برونزية وواحد حجري لبوذا. داون (الجدة) پن جلبت التماثيل للشاطئ وأمرت الأهالي أن يصنعوا ربوة طينية شمال شرق منزلها واستعملت جذوع شجر الكوكي لبناء معبد على تلك الربوة ليكون مقراً لتماثيل بوذا الخمس، ثم سمت المعبد على اسمها، وات پنوم داون پن، الذي يـُعرف الآن باسم وات پنوم، وارتفاع الربوة هو 27 متراً.

وكانت پنوم پن تـُعرف سابقاً باسم كرونگ چاكتوموك (خمير وسطى: ក្រុងចតុមុខ ؛ إنگليزية: Krong Chaktomuk) وتعني "مدينة الوجوه الأربعة". هذا الاسم يشير إلى تقاطع الأنهار مـِكونگ، بساك، وتونله ساپ ليشكلوا علامة "X" حيث تقع العاصمة. كرونگ چاكتوموك هي أيضاً اختصار للاسم التشريفي الذي أعطاه لها الملك پونهيا يات الذي أعطاها الاسم الكامل "Krong Chaktomuk Mongkol Sakal Kampuchea Thipadei Sereythor Inthabot Borei Roth Reach Seima Maha Nokor" (خمير وسطى: ក្រុង​ចតុម្មុខ​មង្គល​សកល​កម្ពុជា​ធិបតី សិរីធរ​បវរ​ឥន្ទបត្តាមុនី រដ្ឋរាជសីមា មហានគរ). هذا الاسم التشريفي بلغة پالي، يـُترجـَم بوضوح ولكن بطريقة غير رسمية كالتالي "مكان الأنهار الأربعة الذي يمنح السعادة والنجاح لمملكة كمپوجا، والقائد الأعلى وكذلك المدينة المنيعة للإلهة إندرا للمملكة الهائلة".[3])

التاريخ

پنوم پـِن من الشرق، مرسومة في 1887 (فضل: Phnom Pen Then & Now).

تأسست بِنْوْم بنَّه في القرن الخامس عشر وأصبحت العاصمة الدائمة في عام 1867، وفي عام 1970 امتدت الحرب الفيتنامية بين الشيوعيين وغيرهم إلى كمبوديا، وسيطر الخمير الحمر الشيوعيون على البلاد في عام 1975، في ذلك الوقت كان عدد السكان نحو مليوني نسمة. وقد نقل الخمير الحمر، وقتئذ، معظم السكان خارج المدينة ليعملوا في المناطق الريفية، فتَدَنّى عدد السكان إلى نحو 20,000 نسمة.

The خارج Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum، پنوم پن


في عام 1979، أطاح شيوعيون آخرون، والقوات الفيتنامية بالخمير الحمر، وسيطروا على بِنْوم بنَّه. وبدأ الناس عندئذ العودة إلى المدينة. وقد وصل عدد السكان إلى نحو 800,000 نسمة في بداية تسعينيات القرن العشرين.


الجغرافيا

ملف:Mekong River, Sokha Phnom Penh Hotel - panoramio.jpg
View of Phnom Penh from above, showing the confluence of the Tonlé Sap River and Mekong, and the filled in lake of Boeung Kak.

Phnom Penh is in the south-central region of Cambodia, and is fully surrounded by the Kandal province. The municipality is on the banks of the Tonlé Sap, Mekong, and Bassac Rivers. These rivers provide freshwater and other natural resources to the city. Phnom Penh and the surrounding areas consist of a typical flood plain area for Cambodia. While Phnom Penh is at 11.89 متر (39 ft) above the river, monsoon season flooding is a problem, and the river sometimes overflows its banks.[citation needed] Boeung Kak, Phnom Penh's largest freshwater lake, was controversially filled in 2010 to make way for property development.[4]

المناخ

Phnom Penh has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). The climate is hot year-round with only minor variations. Temperatures typically range from 22 إلى 35 °C (72 إلى 95 °F) and weather is subject to the tropical monsoons. The southwest monsoon blows inland bringing moisture-laden winds from the Gulf of Thailand and Indian Ocean from May to November, sees high temperatures accompanied by high humidity. The dry season lasts from December to April; when overnight temperatures can drop to 22 °C (72 °F).

بيانات المناخ لـ پنوم پن (temperature: 1988–2013, extremes: 1906–2013)
الشهر ينا فب مار أبر ماي يون يول أغس سبت أكت نوف ديس السنة
القصوى القياسية °س (°ف) 36.1
(97.0) 		38.1
(100.6) 		40.0
(104.0) 		40.5
(104.9) 		40.0
(104.0) 		39.2
(102.6) 		37.2
(99.0) 		37.8
(100.0) 		35.5
(95.9) 		36.1
(97.0) 		34.4
(93.9) 		37.2
(99.0) 		40.5
(104.9)
متوسط القصوى اليومية °س (°ف) 31.6
(88.9) 		33.2
(91.8) 		34.6
(94.3) 		35.3
(95.5) 		34.8
(94.6) 		33.8
(92.8) 		32.9
(91.2) 		32.7
(90.9) 		32.2
(90.0) 		31.4
(88.5) 		31.1
(88.0) 		30.8
(87.4) 		32.9
(91.2)
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) 26.6
(79.9) 		28.0
(82.4) 		29.4
(84.9) 		30.2
(86.4) 		30.0
(86.0) 		29.2
(84.6) 		28.7
(83.7) 		28.5
(83.3) 		28.2
(82.8) 		27.2
(81.0) 		27.1
(80.8) 		26.3
(79.3) 		28.3
(82.9)
متوسط الدنيا اليومية °س (°ف) 21.8
(71.2) 		22.8
(73.0) 		24.3
(75.7) 		25.5
(77.9) 		25.6
(78.1) 		24.9
(76.8) 		24.8
(76.6) 		24.6
(76.3) 		24.4
(75.9) 		24.2
(75.6) 		23.2
(73.8) 		21.9
(71.4) 		24.0
(75.2)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) 12.8
(55.0) 		15.2
(59.4) 		19.0
(66.2) 		17.8
(64.0) 		20.6
(69.1) 		21.2
(70.2) 		20.1
(68.2) 		20.0
(68.0) 		21.1
(70.0) 		17.2
(63.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		14.4
(57.9) 		12.8
(55.0)
متوسط تساقط الأمطار mm (inches) 12.1
(0.48) 		6.6
(0.26) 		34.8
(1.37) 		78.8
(3.10) 		118.2
(4.65) 		145.0
(5.71) 		162.1
(6.38) 		182.7
(7.19) 		270.9
(10.67) 		248.1
(9.77) 		120.5
(4.74) 		32.1
(1.26) 		1٬411٫9
(55.58)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.2 1.1 3.4 6.8 15.9 17.0 18.1 18.3 21.5 19.3 10.2 4.5 137.3
متوسط الرطوبة النسبية (%) 73 71 71 73 77 78 80 81 84 84 78 73 77
Mean monthly ساعات سطوع الشمس 260 226 267 240 202 192 143 174 129 202 213 242 2٬490
Source 1: Deutscher Wetterdienst[5]
Source 2: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun, 1931–1960)[6]

الإدارة

ملف:Phnom Penh City hall.JPG
Phnom Penh Capital Hall
Sections (khans) of Phnom Penh.

Phnom Penh is an autonomous municipality of area 678.46 متر كيلومربع (261.95 sq mi) with a government status equal to that of the provinces. The autonomous municipality is subdivided into 14 administrative divisions called khans (sections). The districts are subdivided into 105 sangkats (quarters), and further subdivided into 953 phums (villages).[7]

Phnom Penh is governed by the governor who acts as the top executive of the city and overseeing the Municipal Military Police, Municipal Police, and Bureau of Urban Affairs. Below the governor is the first vice governor and five vice governors. The chief of cabinet, who holds the same status as the vice governors, heads the cabinet consisting of eight deputy chiefs of cabinet who in turn are in charge of the 27 administrative departments. Every khans has a chief.[8]

Phnom Penh administrative sections
ISO code Name Khmer Quarters Villages Population
1201 Chamkar Mon ខណ្ឌចំការមន 5 40 70,772
1202 Doun Penh ខណ្ឌដូនពេញ 11 134 155,069
1203 Prampir Makara ខណ្ឌប្រាំពីរមករា 8 66 71,092
1204 Tuol Kouk ខណ្ឌទួលគោក 10 143 145,570
1205 Dangkao ខណ្ឌដង្កោ 12 81 159,772
1206 Mean Chey ខណ្ឌមានជ័យ 7 59 248,464
1207 Russey Keo ខណ្ឌឫស្សីកែវ 7 30 274,861
1208 Sen Sok ខណ្ឌសែនសុខ 6 47 182,903
1209 Pou Senchey ខណ្ឌពោធិ៍សែនជ័យ 7 75 226,971
1210 Chroy Changvar ខណ្ឌជ្រោយចង្វារ 5 22 159,233
1211 Prek Pnov ខណ្ឌព្រែកព្នៅ 5 59 188,190
1212 Chbar Ampov ខណ្ឌច្បារអំពៅ 8 49 164,379
1213 Boeng Keng Kang ខណ្ឌបឹងកេងកង 7 55 66,658
1214 Kamboul ខណ្ឌកំបូល 7 93 75,526

قالب:Cubemap viewer

السكان

التعداد التاريخي
السنةتعداد±% p.a.
1950334٬000—    
1960398٬000+1.77%
1970457٬000+1.39%
1975370٬000−4.14%
197832٬000−55.78%
1980189٬000+143.03%
1985351٬000+13.18%
1990634٬000+12.55%
1995925٬000+7.85%
20001٬284٬000+6.78%
20051٬677٬000+5.49%
20102٬101٬725+4.62%
20192٬129٬371[9]+0.15%

اعتبارا من 2019, Phnom Penh had a population of 2,129,371 people, with a total population density of 3,136 inhabitants per square kilometre in a 679 متر كيلومربع (262 sq mi) city area.[9] A survey by the National Institute of Statistics in 2017 showed that 95.3% of the population in Phnom Penh are Khmer, 4% Chams, and 0.7% others, predominantly Chinese, Vietnamese, and other ethnic groups who are Thai, Budong, Mnong Preh, Kuy and Chong.[10]

The official language is Khmer, and English and French are also used in the city. The number of slum-inhabitants at the end of 2012 was 105,771, compared with 85,807 at the start of 2012.[11]قالب:Outdated statistic

Note: As stated in the "History" paragraph (The 1998 Census put Phnom Penh's population at 862,000;[12] and the 2008 census was 1.3 million.[1]) the information collides with the information provided in the "Historical population" table. Needs editing.

الدين

المقالة الرئيسية: الدين في كمبوديا

Religion in Phnom Penh (2019 census)[13]

  البوذية (97.8%)
  الإسلام (1.6%)
  المسيحية (0.5%)
  Animism and Other religions (0.1%)

السياسة

National Assembly building of Cambodia
ملف:2016 Phnom Penh, Budynek sądu (04).jpg
Supreme Court Building
انظر أيضاً: Phnom Penh (National Assembly constituency)

Phnom Penh is allocated 12 seats in the National Assembly, making it the largest constituency.

أعضاء البرلمان

الاسم الحزب
1 Pa Socheatvong Cambodian People's Party
2 Ith Sam Heng Cambodian People's Party
3 Mam Bunheng Cambodian People's Party
4 Ing Kuntha Phavi Cambodian People's Party
5 Kep Chuktema Cambodian People's Party
6 Hou Sry Cambodian People's Party
7 Krouch Sam An Cambodian People's Party
8 Lauk Kheng Cambodian People's Party
9 Ousman Hasan Cambodian People's Party
10 Cheap Sivon Cambodian People's Party
11 Pich Kimsreang Cambodian People's Party
12 Ly Chheng Cambodian People's Party

الاقتصاد

ملف:Central.Post.Office.Poste.Phnom.Penh.1.Cambodge.jpg
The Central Post Office Building
The Hong Kong Center, headquarters of oil producer TotalEnergies in Cambodia

The economy is based on commercial interests such as garments, trading, and small and medium enterprises. In some years[when?] the property business has been booming, with increasing real estate prices. Tourism is also a contributor in the capital as more shopping and commercial centres open. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, tourism made up 19.2% (US$2,053 million) of Cambodia's GDP in 2009 and accounts for 13.7% of total employment.[14] One of the areas in Phnom Penh for tourists is Sisowath Quay, alongside the Tonle Sap River. Sisowath Quay is a five kilometre strip of road that includes restaurants, bars, and hotels.[15]

The US$2٫6 billion new urban development, Camko City, is meant to bolster the city landscape. The Bureau of Urban Affairs of Phnom Penh Municipality has plans to expand and construct new infrastructure to accommodate the growing population and economy. High rise buildings will be constructed at the entrance of the city and near the lakes and riverbanks. New roads, canals, and a railway system will be used to connect Camko City and Phnom Penh.[16]

Other projects include:

  • Grand Phnom Penh International City (under construction)
  • Gold Tower 42 (On hold 32 floors construction begins again in the mid of 2018)
  • Kokling super second floor house
  • Vattanac Capital Tower
  • The Peak

The tallest skyscraper in Phnom Penh is Vattanac Capital Tower at a height of 188 متر (617 ft), dominating Phnom Penh's skyline with its neighbour skyscraper Canadia Tower (OCIC Tower).[17]

التعليم

الجامعات والكليات

ملف:Buddhist Institute - Phnom Penh - Cambodia.jpg
Buddhist Institute
Royal University of Phnom Penh Campus II
ملف:Institute of Foreign Languages.jpg
Institute of Foreign Languages
ملف:Institut de technologie du Cambodge.jpg
Institut de Technologie du Cambodge
الاسم بالخمير
American University of Phnom Penh សាកលវិទ្យាល័យអាមេរិកាំងភ្នំពេញ
BELTEI International University សាកលវិទ្យាល័យប៊ែលធីអន្តរជាតិ
Cambodia Academy of Digital Technology បណ្ឌិត្យសភាបច្ចេកវិទ្យាឌីជីថលកម្ពុជា
University of Cambodia (UC) សាកលវិទ្យាល័យកម្ពុជា
International University (IU) សាកលវិទ្យាល័យអន្តរជាតិ
École Royale d'Administration (ERA) សាលាភូមិន្ទរដ្ឋបាល
Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP) សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភូមិន្ទភ្នំពេញ
Royal University of Law and Economics (RULE) សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភូមិន្ទនីតិសាស្ត្រ និងវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រសេដ្ឋកិច្ច
Royal University of Fine Arts (RUFA) សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភូមិន្ទវិចិត្រសិល្បៈ
Royal University of Agriculture (RUA) សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភូមិន្ទកសិកម្ម
National University of Management (NUM) សាកលវិទ្យាល័យជាតិគ្រប់គ្រង
Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC) វិទ្យាស្ថានបច្ចេកវិទ្យាកម្ពុជា
Buddhist Institute វិទ្យាស្ថានពុទ្ធសាសនបណ្ឌិត្យ
Royal Academy of Cambodia រាជបណ្ឌិត្យសភាកម្ពុជា
Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute វិទ្យាស្ថានស្រាវជ្រាវ និងអភិវឌ្ឍកសិកម្មកម្ពុជា
National Institute of Business វិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិពាណិជ្ជសាស្ត្រ
National Institute of Education វិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រំ
National Polytechnic Institute of Cambodia វិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិពហុបច្ចេកទេសកម្ពុជា
National Technical Training Institute វិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិបណ្តុះបណ្តាលបច្ចេកទេស
Paññāsāstra University of Cambodia សាកលវិទ្យាល័យបញ្ញាសាស្ត្រកម្ពុជា
Preah Sihanouk Raja Buddhist University ពុទ្ធិកសាកលវិទ្យាល័យព្រះសីហនុរាជ
Prek Leap National College of Agriculture សាលាជាតិកសិកម្មព្រែកលៀប
University of Health Sciences សាកលវិទ្យាល័យវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រសុខាភិបាល
University of Puthisastra សាកលវិទ្យាល័យពុទ្ធិសាស្ត្រ
Preah Kosomak Polytechnic Institute វិទ្យាស្ថានពហុបច្ចេកទេសព្រះកុសុមៈ
Limkokwing University of Creative Technology សាកលវិទ្យាល័យ លីមកុកវីង[18]
Industrial Technical Institute វិទ្យាស្ថានបច្ចេកទេសឧស្សាហកម្ម
Paragon International University សាកលវិទ្យាល័យអន្តរជាតិផារ៉ាហ្គន
Institute For Development of Economy (IDE) វិទ្យាស្ថានអភិវឌ្ឍន៍សេដ្ឋកិច្ច
Western University សាកលវិទ្យាល័យវេស្ទើន
Student Development Institute (SDI) វិទ្យាស្ថានអភិវឌ្ឍន៍និស្សិត
Asia Euro University សាកលវិទ្យាល័យអាស៊ី អឺរ៉៉ុប

Primary schools, secondary schools, and high schools

Name Name in Khmer
Bak Touk High School វិទ្យាល័យបាក់ទូក
Chaktomuk Secondary School អនុវិទ្យាល័យចតុមុខ
Chbar Ampov High School វិទ្យាល័យច្បារអំពៅ
Chea Sim Boeng Kang Kang High School វិទ្យាល័យជាស៊ីមបឹងកេងកង
Chea Sim Chroy Changvar High School វិទ្យាល័យជាស៊ីមជ្រោយចង្វារ
Chea Sim Samaky High School វិទ្យាល័យជាស៊ីមសាមគ្គី
Chea Sim Santhormok High School វិទ្យាល័យជាស៊ីមសន្ធរម៉ុក
Hun Sen-Bun Rany Phsar Daeum Thkov High School វិទ្យាល័យហ៊ុនសែនប៊ុនរ៉ានីផ្សារដើមថ្កូវ
Indradevi High School វិទ្យាល័យឥន្ទ្រទេវី
Lycée Sisowath វិទ្យាល័យព្រះស៊ីសុវត្ថិ
Tuol Svay Prey High School វិទ្យាល័យទួលស្វាយព្រៃ
Wat Koh High School វិទ្យាល័យវត្តកោះ

المدارس الدولية

الاسم الاسم بالخمير
GloLink International School Phnom Penh (GIS)
Singapore (Cambodia) International Academy (SCIA) សាលារៀនអន្តរជាតិស៊ីងហ្គាពួរ (ខេមបូឌា) អ៊ិនធើណេសិនណាល អេឃើឌឹមី
Abundant Life International School (ALIS) សាលាអន្តរជាតិអាប៊ែនឌែនឡៃ
American Intercon School American Intercon School (AIS) សាលារៀនអន្តរទ្វីបអាមេរិកាំង, Salariĕn Ántărătvib Amérĭkăng
Australian International School Phnom Penh (AISPP)
Beijing International School សាលាអន្តរជាតិប៉េកាំង, Sala Ántărăchéatĕ Pékăng
BELTEI International School សាលាប៊ែលធីអន្តរជាតិ, Sala Bêlthi Ántărăchéatĕ
British International School of Phnom Penh
CIA First International School សាលាអន្តរជាតិស៊ីអាយអេហ្វឺសត៍, Sala Ántărăchéatĕ Si'ay'é Fœst
Canadian International School of Phnom Penh (CISP)
East-West International School សាលាអន្តរជាតិអ៊ិសវ៉េស, Sala Ántărăchéatĕ 'Ĭs Vés
DK SchoolHouse សាលាអន្តរជាតិ ឌីខេ ស្គូលហោស៍ DK Schoolhouse, International school [19]
Footprint International School
Harrods International Academy
Home of English International School Where learning is serious fun[20]
iCAN British International School
International School of Phnom Penh (ISPP) សាលារៀនអន្តរជាតិភ្នំពេញ
International School of Singapore
Invictus International School Phnom Penh
Japanese School of Phnom Penh 金边日本学校
Lycée français René Descartes de Phnom Penh
New Gateway International School សាលាញូវហ្គេតវ៉េអន្តរជាតិ
Northbridge International School
Paragon International School សាលារៀនអន្តរជាតិផារ៉ាហ្គន, Salariĕn Ántărăchéatĕ Pharagân
Southbridge International School
Advanced International School សាលារៀនអន្តរជាតិអ៊ែតវ៉ាន់, 顶尖国际学校
LOGOS International School (LIS)

Supplementary and extra schools

English Original Name
Japanese Supplementary School of Phnom Penh (プノンペン補習授業校, Punonpen Hoshū Jugyō Kō)
Rodwell Learning Center សាលាបង្រៀនគួររ៉ដវែល, Sala Bángriĕn Kuŏr Râdvêl

The Japanese Supplementary School of Phnom Penh, formerly known in English as the Phnom Penh Japanese School,[21][22] is a part-time Japanese School, operated by the Japanese Association of Cambodia (JACAM;カンボジア日本人会 Kambojia Nihonjin-kai). It is in Sangkat Toek Thla in Sen Sok.[23] It was established in 2002. It had 60 students in June 2011.[24]

الثقافة

"Dried" version of Phnom Penh noodles with soup broth on the side.

The city hosts a number of music events throughout the city. Indie bands have grown in number due also in part to the emergence of private music schools such as SoundsKool Music (also operating in the city of Siem Reap), and Music Arts School (registered as a non-governmental organization). The Cambodian fishing dance originated in Phnom Penh at the Royal University of Fine Arts in the 1960s.[25]

The Cambodian fishing dance originated from Phnom Penh.

عيد الماء

المقالة الرئيسية: Bon Om Touk

The largest annual festival in Phnom Penh, this lively gathering celebrates the reversing of the flow of the Tonlé Sap River. The holiday lasts three days as people flood into the city to enjoy the fireworks, boat races, live concerts, eating and partying. The boat racing dates back to times marking the strengths of the Khmer marine forces during the Khmer Empire.

On 22 November 2010, at least 348 people were crushed to death in a bridge stampede at the festival.[26]

أفق وعمارة المدينة

Norodom Sihanouk Memorial
ملف:View of Phnom Penh from SVAY CHROM.jpg
Phnom Penh city at night

Starting with independence from the French in the 1950s and lasting until the era of the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s, Phnom Penh underwent growth as the capital city of a newly independent country. King Sihanouk was eager to present a new style of architecture and thus invigorate the process of nation building. A new era of architecture took off, with projects and architects, some of whom educated in France, given opportunities to design and construct. This movement was called "New Khmer Architecture" and was characterised by a fusion of Bauhaus, European post-modern architecture, and traditional elements from Angkor. An architect was Vann Molyvann, who was nominated chief national architect by the king himself in 1956. Molyvann created landmark buildings such as the Preah Suramarit National Theatre or the Vann Molyvann House. Other architects helped construct the Royal Khmer University, the Institute of Foreign Languages, and the National Sports Centre. With the growth of the upper and entrepreneurial middle

Statue of Lady Penh, the city's founder.

classes, new suburbs were built in the 1950s and 1960s. While these buildings survived the Khmer Rouge era and the civil war, later on they are under threat due to economic development and financial speculation.[27]

Panoramic view of Phnom Penh from City Center
ملف:LeRoyal PP.jpg ملف:Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction.jpg
National Museum, designed in the early-1920s by George Groslier. Royal Throne Hall, constructed in the 1860s under King Norodom I. Façade, Hotel Le Royal, built in 1929 in the reign of King Sisowath Monivong. Colonial villa in Phnom Penh. Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction.
Phnom Penh city at night revealing skylines and the royal palace, viewed from the east bank of Tonle Sap river in September 2019.

2035 master plan

Originally intended to be completed by 2020, the 2035 master plan[28] is a French-funded project for the development of Phnom Penh. While the plan was approved by the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction in 2005, it has yet to be ratified by the Cabinet of Cambodia. The original plan details five edge-city projects connected to the historical city centre by waterways and tree-lined corridors.[29]

الإعلام

اليوميات

بالخمير

بالإنجليزية

  • Phnom Penh Post, a daily English-language newspaper published in Phnom Penh.
  • The Cambodia Daily, an English-language daily newspaper (fled from Cambodia in 2017, still operating online).
  • Khmer Times, an English-language daily newspaper.

بالصينية

  • 《柬華日報》(Jianhua Daily), a daily Chinese-language newspaper published in Phnom Penh.
  • 《星洲日報》(Sin Chew Daily), a Chinese-language daily newspaper, the Cambodian edition of the Malaysian Chinese daily of the same name.
  • 《華商日報》(Huashang Daily), a Chinese-language daily newspaper.
  • 《高棉日报》(Khmer Daily), a Chinese-language daily newspaper.
  • 《新柬埔寨》(New Cambodia), a Chinese-language daily newspaper.

Magazines

  • AsiaLIFE Guide Phnom Penh, a monthly English-language lifestyle magazine published in Phnom Penh. (Ceased in 2018)
  • F Magazine, the first fashion-forward magazine in Cambodia. Bi-lingual, written in English and Khmer.
  • SOVRIN Magazine, is the fashion glossy magazine in Cambodia which written in khmer language.

المواقع الإخبارية

الرياضة

انظر أيضاً: Sport in Cambodia and Morodok Techo National Sports Complex

Sporting venues in the city include the Morodok Techo National Stadium with a capacity of 60,000, which opened in 2021, and the Phnom Penh National Olympic Stadium with a capacity of 30,000[33] — while the country never hosted the Olympic Games due to disruption by the civil war and the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s, which built in 1964[33] as the co-home to the Cambodia national association football team.[34] Volleyball, basketball, and Tai-Kwon-Do games are hosted at the stadium. The stadium closed in 2000.[33]

النقل

انظر أيضاً: Transport in Cambodia and Transport in Phnom Penh
Phnom Penh Techo International Airport

Techo International Airport, which opened on the 9th of September 2025, is the largest and busiest airport in Cambodia.[35] It is located 20 km south of Phnom Penh.[36] It replaced Phnom Penh International Airport as the city's main aviation hub. The airport is connected to the city center by taxi, train, and shuttle bus. Cambodia's national flag carrier, Cambodia Angkor Air (later rebranched as Air Cambodia in 2025), launched in 2009, is headquartered in Phnom Penh and has its main hub there, with an additional hub at the Siem Reap–Angkor International Airport.[37] Air France used to serve Phnom Penh from Paris-Charles de Gaulle and this service has since stopped. Qatar Airways flies to and from Phnom Penh, via Saigon. Taxis, pick-ups, and minibuses leave the city for destinations all over the country, and are losing ground to cheaper and more comfortable buses. Phnom Penh has a rail service. There are bus companies, including Phnom Penh Public Transport and GST Express, running services to most provincial capitals, including Sihanoukville, Kampong Chhnang, Oudong and Takéo. Phnom Penh Sorya Transport Co. offers bus service to provincial destinations along the National Routes and to Saigon.[38]

النقل العام

ملف:Phnom Penh BRT bus approaching Monivong-Sihanouk station.jpg
Phnom Penh BRT bus approaching Monivong-Sihanouk station
انظر أيضاً: Phnom Penh City Bus

Phnom Penh is served by air conditioned public buses. Initial attempts by the Japanese government to develop a Phnom Penh bus service began in 2001. An update of the JICA urban transport master plan for Phnom Penh was completed and implemented in 2014.[39] The city is later served by 21 bus lines, operated by the Phnom Penh municipal government. Private transportation within the city include the cycle rickshaw, known in Khmer as "cyclo", the motorcycle taxi known in Khmer as "moto", the auto rickshaw known locally as "tuk-tuk", the trailer attached to a motorcycle taxi known in Khmer as "remorque", and the standard automobile taxicab known in Khmer as "taxi".[40]

السكك الحديدية

ملف:Railway Station - Phnom Penh.JPG
Phnom Penh Railway Station (2012)

Scheduled passenger train services between Phnom Penh and Sihanoukville resumed in May 2016 after having been suspended for 14 years.[41][42]

Highways

As the capital of Cambodia, a number of national highways connect the city with parts of the country:

National Highway Code Length Origin Terminal
National Highway 1 10001 167.10 km 103.83 mi Phnom Penh Vietnamese Border
National Highway 2 10002 120.60 km 74.94 mi Phnom Penh Vietnamese Border
National Highway 3 10003 202.00 km 125.52 mi Phnom Penh Veal Renh
National Highway 4 10004 226.00 km 140.43 mi Phnom Penh Sihanoukville
National Highway 5 10005 407.45 km 253.18 mi Phnom Penh Thai Border
National Highway 6 10006 416.00 km 258.49 mi Phnom Penh Banteay Meanchey
National Highway 7 10007 509.17 km 316.38 mi Skun (Cheung Prey District) Lao Border

In 2023, a new expressway linking Phnom Penh with Sihanoukville came into operation.[43](p. 29) The expressway was built by China, which has a role in infrastructure development in Cambodia through the Belt and Road Initiative.[43](p. 29)

الإمداد بالمياه

المقالة الرئيسية: Water supply in Phnom Penh

Water supply in Phnom Penh has improved in terms of access, service quality, efficiency, cost recovery and governance between 1993 and 2006. The number of customers has increased ninefold, service quality has improved from intermittent to continuous supply, water losses have been cut and the city's water utility went from being bankrupt to making a profit.[44] These achievements were recognized through international awards such as the 2006 Ramon Magsaysay Award and the 2010 Stockholm Industry Water Award.[45]

الاقتصاد

بعد الانتهاء من انشائه في 2009، برج OCIC هو أعلى مبنى في كمبوديا وسيكون مقر بنك كناديا

البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة

Phnom Penh is twinned with:

الأفق والعمارة

مثال للعمارة الاستعمارية الفرنسية في پنوم پن


المدن الشقيقة

المصادر

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كتابات

  • LeBoutillier, Kris (2003). Journey Through Phnom Penh. Times Editions. pp. 80 pages. ISBN 978-9812325969.
  • Hoskin, John. Dreams of Cambodia Phnom Penh. pp. 56 pages. ISBN 978-9889814021.
  • Igout, Michel (1993). Phnom Penh Then and Now. White Lotus Ltd. pp. 56 pages. ASIN B000UCLNR2.

وصلات خارجية

مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Phnom Penh.

رسمية

أفلام وفيديوهات

غيرهم

خريطة

11°33′00″N 104°55′00″E / 11.55°N 104.9167°E / 11.55; 104.9167

الكلمات الدالة:
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