1867
► | قرن 18 | << قرن 19 >> | قرن 20 | ◄
► | عقد 1830 | عقد 1840 | عقد 1850 | << عقد 1860 >> | عقد 1870 | عقد 1880 | عقد 1890 | ◄
► | ► | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | << 1867 >> | 1868 | 1869 | 1870 | 1871 | 1872 | ◄ | ◄
تحويل 1-1-1867م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-1867م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1867
| الألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| القرون: | القرن 18 - القرن 19 - القرن 20 |
| العقود: | عقد 1830 عقد 1840 عقد 1850 - عقد 1860 - عقد 1870 عقد 1880 عقد 1890 |
| السنوات: | 1864 1865 1866 - 1867 - 1868 1869 1870 |
| 1867 في موضوعات: |
| الإنسانيات |
| الآثار – العمارة – الفن – الأدب (الشعر) – الموسيقى |
| حسب البلد |
| مصر – سوريا - إيران – الصين - فرنسا – ألمانيا – الدولة العثمانية – إيطاليا - اسبانيا - المغرب– روسيا - اليابان – البرازيل - الهند - المملكة المتحدة – الولايات المتحدة – إندونسيا |
| موضوعات أخرى |
| السكك الحديدية – العلوم – الرياضة |
| قوائم الزعماء |
| الدول ذات السيادة – زعماء الدول – حكام الأقاليم – الزعماء الدينيون |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات |
| المواليد – الوفيات |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات |
| تصنيف الأعمال |
| الأعمال |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1867 MDCCCLXVII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2620 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 1316 ԹՎ ՌՅԺԶ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6617 |
| التقويم البهائي | 23–24 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 1274 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2817 |
| سنة العهد البريطاني | 30 Vict. 1 – 31 Vict. 1 |
| التقويم البوذي | 2411 |
| التقويم البورمي | 1229 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 7375–7376 |
| التقويم الصيني | 丙寅年 (النار النمر) 4563 أو 4503 — إلى — 丁卯年 (النار الأرنب) 4564 أو 4504 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1583–1584 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 3033 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1859–1860 |
| التقويم العبري | 5627–5628 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1923–1924 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1789–1790 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4968–4969 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11867 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 867–868 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 1245–1246 |
| التقويم الهجري | 1283–1284 |
| التقويم الياباني | Keiō 3 (慶応３年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | الگريگوري ناقص 12 يوم |
| التقويم الكوري | 4200 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 45 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前45年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 2410 |
سنة 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم الثلاثاء (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1867 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 867 في الألفية 2، السنة 67 في القرن 19، والسنة 8 في عقد 1860 بين 1583 و 1929 ومع فارق 1867 is 12 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.
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أحداث
يناير-مارس
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30 مارس: تم شراء ألاسكا بشيك مصرفي.
- 1 يناير - The Covington–Cincinnati Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky in the United States, becoming the longest single-span bridge in the world. It will be renamed after its designer, John A. Roebling, in 1983.
- January 8 - African-American men are granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia.
- January 11 - Benito Juárez becomes Mexican president again.
- January 30 - Emperor Kōmei of Japan dies suddenly, age 36, leaving his 14-year-old son to succeed as Emperor Meiji.
- 31 يناير - Maronite nationalist leader يوسف بك كرم[1] leaves Lebanon aboard a French ship، للجزائر.
- February 3 - Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu abdicates, and the late Emperor Kōmei's son, Prince Mutsuhito becomes Emperor Meiji of Japan in a brief ceremony in Kyoto, ending the Late Tokugawa shogunate.
- February 7 - West Virginia University is established in Morgantown, West Virginia.
- February 13 - The Covering of the Senne in Brussels begins.[2]
- February 14 - Augusta Institute is founded in Augusta, Georgia, later known as Morehouse College.[3]
- February 15 - Johann Strauss II's waltz The Blue Danube (An der schönen blauen Donau) is first performed, at a concert of the Vienna Men's Choral Association. Later this year, Strauss will adapt it into its popular purely orchestral version for the International Exposition in Paris.
- February 17 - The first ship passes through the Suez Canal.
- February 19 - Battle of Inlon River: The Qing Dynasty defeats the Nien rebels in Hubei, China.
- February 22 - The Indiana Daily Student is established at Indiana University in Bloomington.
- February 28 - After almost 20 years (1848), the United States Congress forbids taxpayer funding of diplomatic envoys to the Holy See (Vatican), and breaks off relations. Funding resumes, along with relations, in 1984.
- March - The University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign is established (opened one year later).
- March 1 - Nebraska is admitted as the 37th U.S. state.
- March 5 - The Fenian Rising breaks out in Ireland.[4]
- March 16 - An article by Joseph Lister, outlining the discovery of antiseptic surgery, is first published in The Lancet.
- March 23 - William III of the Netherlands accepts an offer of 5,000,000 guilders from Napoleon III for the sale of Luxembourg, leading to the Luxembourg Crisis.
- March 29 - The British North America Act receives royal assent, forming the Dominion of Canada, in an event known as the Confederation. This unites the Province of Canada (Quebec and Ontario), New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia on July 1. Ottawa becomes the capital, and John A. Macdonald becomes the Dominion's first prime minister.
- March 30 - Alaska Purchase: Alaska is purchased for $7.2 million from Alexander II of Russia, about 2 cent/acre ($4.19/km²), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward. Newspapers call this Seward's Folly.
April–June
- April 1 – The Strait Settlement of Singapore, formerly ruled from Calcutta, becomes a Crown colony, under the jurisdiction of the Colonial Office in London.
- April 28 – I.C. Sorosis, the first women's fraternity (sorority) founded upon the men's fraternity model, with Pi Beta Phi as its motto, is founded at Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois. In 1888, the motto becomes the name of the organization.
- May 1 – The first political May Day march takes place in Chicago.[5]
- May 7 – Alfred Nobel patents dynamite in the United Kingdom.[6][7]
- May 11
- Treaty of London: The great powers of Europe reaffirm the neutrality of Luxembourg, ending the Luxembourg Crisis. The Duchy of Limburg is formally re-incorporated into the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
- Cox and Box, by Francis Burnand and Arthur Sullivan, is first publicly performed, at the Adelphi Theatre, London.
- May 24 – Robert William Keate becomes Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal.
- May 29
- The Austro-Hungarian Compromise (called Ausgleich in German or kiegyezés in Hungarian (The Compromise)) is born through Act 12, which establishes the Austro-Hungarian Empire; on June 8 Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria is crowned King of Hungary.
- Canadian Confederation: Queen Victoria signs the British North America Act, creating the Dominion of Canada, effective July 1.[8]
- June 15 – The Atlantic Cable Quartz Lode gold mine is named in Montana.
- June 19 – A firing squad executes Emperor Maximilian of Mexico.
July–September
- July – The Reverend Thomas Baker, a Wesleyan Methodist missionary (و. in Playden, East Sussex, England) is cooked and eaten by Navatusila tribespeople at Nabutautau, Fiji, together with eight of his local followers, the last missionary in that country to suffer cannibalism.
- July 1
- Canadian Confederation: The British North America Act of 29 March comes into force, creating the Dominion of Canada, the first independent dominion in the British Empire.
- The Constitution of the North German Confederation comes into effect, creating a confederation of states, under the leadership of Prussia and Otto von Bismarck.
- July 9 – Queen's Park F.C., the oldest association football league team in Scotland, is founded.
- July 15 – France declares Cambodia's independence from Siam; Cambodia becomes a protectorate of France and England.
- July 17 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established as the first dental school in the United States.
- July 18 – The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune: The Serer people defeat the Muslim Marabouts of Senegambia.
- August 7–September 20 – The first Canadian election sees John A. Macdonald's Conservatives elected to government.
- August 15 – Benjamin Disraeli's Second Reform Act enfranchises many men in cities for the first time, and adds 938,000 to an electorate of 1,057,000 in England and Wales.[9]
- September 2 – Emperor Meiji of Japan marries Empress Shōken (née Masako Ichijō). The Empress consort is thereafter known as Lady Haruko.
- September 4 – The Sheffield Wednesday F.C. is founded, at the Adelphi Hotel in Sheffield.
- September 14 – The first volume of Das Kapital (later translated into English as Capital) is published by Karl Marx.
- September 30 – The United States takes control of Midway Island.
October–December
Europe in 1867, after the forming of the North German Confederation, the Italian unification (with the exception of the Roman part of the Papal States) and the Austro-Hungarian Compromise.
- October 12 – End of penal transportation from Britain as the last convict ship, the Hougoumont, departs from Portsmouth on an 89-day passage to Western Australia.[9] 62 Fenians are among the transportees.
- October 18 – Alaska is transferred from Russia to the USA, becoming the Department of Alaska.[10]
- October 21 – 'Manifest destiny': Medicine Lodge Treaty – Near Medicine Lodge Creek, Kansas, a landmark treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders, requiring Native American Plains tribes to relocate to a reservation in western Oklahoma.
- October 27 – Italian unification: Giuseppe Garibaldi's troops march into Rome.
- November 9 – The last shōgun of Japan, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, tenders his resignation to Emperor Meiji.
- November 21 – American temperance crusader Carrie Nation marries Dr. Charles Gloyd.
- November 23 – The three 'Manchester Martyrs' are hanged in England for the murder of a policeman whilst attempting to rescue two Irish Republican Brotherhood members from imprisonment on 18 September.
- December 2 – In a New York City theater, English author Charles Dickens gives his first public reading in the United States.
- December 18 – Angola Horror (Buffalo, New York-area train wreck): The fiery death of 49 people leads John D. Rockefeller to develop and sell his Mineral Seal 300 °F Fire-Tested Burning Oil, and George Westinghouse to invent the railway air brake, which is mandated in the United States in 1893.[11]
مجهولة التاريخ
- Pierre Michaux invents the front wheel-driven velocipede, the first mass-produced bicycle.
- Yellow fever kills 3,093 in New Orleans.
- South African diamond fields are discovered.
- The Prohibition National Committee is formed in the United States.
- The Wasps Rugby Football Club is formed in Middlesex, England.
- At Fountain Point, Michigan, an artesian water spring begins to gush continuously.
- 1867–1873 – Chinese, Scandinavian and Irish immigrants lay 30,000 miles (48,000 km) of railroad tracks in the USA.
- Clarke School for the Deaf in Western Massachusetts opens its doors for the first time, becoming the first school for the deaf in the United States to teach its children how to communicate using the oral method.
- The modern rose is born, with the introduction of Rosa 'La France' by Jean-Baptiste Guillot (1803–1882).[12][13]
- Gorse is naturalised in New Zealand, where it soon becomes the worst invasive weed.
- The Swedish famine of 1867-1869 begin.
Ongoing
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مواليد
يناير-مارس
- 1 يناير – لو فيلدز، ممثل ڤودڤيل أمريكي (ت. 1941)
- January 5 – Dimitrios Gounaris, 94th Prime Minister of Greece (ت. 1922)
- January 6 – Takejirō Tokonami, Japanese politician, Home Minister, Railway Minister, and Minister of Communication (ت. 1935)
- January 8
- Emily Greene Balch, American writer, pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (ت. 1961)
- Thomas Coward, English ornithologist (ت. 1933)
- January 17 – Carl Laemmle, German-born film executive (ت. 1939)
- January 18 – Rubén Darío, Nicaraguan poet (ت. 1916)
- January 20 – Yvette Guilbert, French singer, actress (ت. 1944)
- January 21
- James Marcus, American actor (ت. 1937)
- Ludwig Thoma, German writer (ت. 1921)
- Maxime Weygand, French general (ت. 1965)
- January 25 – Adelaide Cabete, Portuguese women's rights activist (ت. 1935)
- January 29 – Carl L. Boeckmann, Norwegian-American artist (ت. 1923)
- February 3 – Charles Henry Turner, African-American entomologist (ت. 1923)
- February 4 – Alexander Godley, British general (ت. 1957)
- February 7 – Laura Elizabeth Wilder, née Ingalls, American children's author (ت. 1957)
- February 8 – William Michael Crose, United States Navy Commander and the seventh Naval Governor of American Samoa (ت. 1929)
- February 10 – Charles W. Bryan, American politician (ت. 1945)
- February 21 – Otto Hermann Kahn, German-born American millionaire, philanthropist (ت. 1934)
- February 27
- Irving Fisher, American economist (ت. 1947)
- Nina Boucicault, English actress (first ever to play Peter Pan), daughter of Dion Boucicault (ت. 1950)
- Wilhelm Peterson-Berger, Swedish composer (ت. 1942)
- March 4 – Charles Pelot Summerall, American general (ت. 1955)
- March 6 – Samuel Cody, American aviation pioneer (ت. 1913)
- March 19 – Sakichi Toyoda, Japanese inventor, industrialist (ت. 1930)
- March 21 – Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr., American theatrical producer (ت. 1932)
- March 25
- Arturo Toscanini, Italian conductor (ت. 1957)
- Gutzon Borglum, American artist and sculptor (Mount Rushmore) (ت. 1941)
- March 26 – Arnold Theiler, founder of the Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute in South Africa (ت. 1936)
أبريل-يونيو
- April 2 – Eugen Sandow, German-born body builder, circus performer (ت. 1925)
- April 7 – Holger Pedersen, Danish linguist (ت. 1953)
- April 9 – Chris Watson, 3rd Prime Minister of Australia (ت. 1941)
- April 10 – George William Russell, Irish nationalist, poet and artist (ت. 1935)
- April 11 – Mark Keppel, Superintendent of Los Angeles County Schools (ت. 1928)
- April 13 – Sammy Woods, English cricketer (ت. 1931)
- April 16
- René Boylesve, French author (ت. 1926)
- Wilbur Wright, American aviation pioneer, co-inventor of the airplane with brother Orville (ت. 1912)
- April 23 – Johannes Fibiger, Danish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (ت. 1928)
- May 3 – J. T. Hearne, English cricketer (ت. 1944)
- May 7 – Władysław Reymont, Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (ت. 1925)
- May 14 – Kurt Eisner, German politician, publicist (ت. 1919)
- May 26 – Queen Mary, wife of George V of Great Britain (ت. 1953)
- June 2 – William Goodenough, British admiral (ت. 1945)
- June 4 – Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, President of Finland (ت. 1951)
- June 6 – David T. Abercrombie, American businessman, co-founder of Abercrombie & Fitch (ت. 1931)
- June 8 – Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect (ت. 1959)
- June 9 – Clarence Geldart, Canadian-American actor (ت. 1935)
- June 14 – Joseph John Englehart, American Northwest Frontier painter (ت. 1915)
- June 17 – Flora Finch, British-American silent film comedian (ت. 1940)
- June 24 – J. Gordon Edwards, American film director (ت. 1925)
- June 28 – Luigi Pirandello, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (ت. 1936)
- June 30
- Edward L. Beach, Sr., American naval officer, author (ت. 1943)
- Napoléon Turcot, Canadian politician (ت. 1939)
يوليو-سبتمبر
- July 2 – Herbert Prior, English actor (ت. 1954)
- July 8 – Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (ت. 1945)
- July 10 – Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of Germany (ت. 1929)
- July 25 – Alexander Rummler, American painter (ت. 1959)
- July 27 – Enrique Granados, Spanish composer (ت. 1916)
- July 28 – Charles Dillon Perrine, American-born astronomer (ت. 1951)
- July 29 – Berthold Oppenheim, Moravian rabbi (ت. 1942)
- July 31 – S.S. Kresge, American businessman, founder of Kmart (ت. 1966)
- August 3 – Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (ت. 1947)
- August 6 – Sam Mussabini, English athletics coach (ت. 1927)
- August 9
- Charles Ballantyne, Canadian politician (ت. 1950)
- Evelina Haverfield British suffragette (ت. 1920)
- August 11 – Hobart Bosworth, American film actor, director, writer, and producer (ت. 1943)
- August 12 – Edith Hamilton, German-born educator, author (ت. 1963)
- August 14 – John Galsworthy, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (ت. 1933)
- August 22 – Maximilian Bircher-Benner, Swiss physician, nutritionist (ت. 1939)
- August 28 – Umberto Giordano, Italian opera composer (ت. 1948)
- September 5 – Amy Beach, American pianist, composer (ت. 1944)
- September 7 – Albert Bassermann, German actor (ت. 1952)
- September 16 – Vintilă Brătianu, 31st Prime Minister of Romania (ت. 1930)
- September 21 – Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe, English politician, 4th Governor-General of New Zealand (ت. 1958)
- September 28 – Hiranuma Kiichirō, 24th Prime Minister of Japan (ت. 1952)
- September 29 – Walter Rathenau, German statesman, Weimar Republic foreign minister (ت. 1922)
أكتوبر-ديسمبر
- October 2 – James Stevenson-Hamilton, 1st warden of South Africa's Kruger National Park (ت. 1957)
- October 12 – Lyn Harding, Welsh actor (ت. 1952)
- October 14 – Masaoka Shiki, Japanese haiku poet (ت. 1902)
- October 16 – Mario Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Poggio Suasa (ت. 1963)
- October 25
- Hiranuma Kiichirō, 35th Prime Minister of Japan (ت. 1952)
- Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki, Polish general (ت. 1937)
- October 31 – David Graham Phillips, American journalist, novelist (ت. 1911)
- November 7
- Marie Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and physics (ت. 1934)
- George Paish, English economist (ت. 1957)
- November 8 – Sadakichi Hartmann, German/Japanese critic, poet (ت. 1944)
- November 9 – Shrimad Rajchandra, prominent Indian Jain philosopher, scholar, poet & spiritual mentor of Mahatma Gandhi (ت. 1901)
- November 17 – Henri Gouraud, French general (ت. 1946)
- December 1 – Ignacy Mościcki, former President of Poland (ت. 1946)
- December 2 – Alec B. Francis, English actor (ت. 1934)
- December 5 – Józef Piłsudski, Polish statesman, field marshal (ت. 1935)
- December 13 – Kristian Birkeland, Norwegian physicist (ت. 1917)
- December 14 – Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason, Icelandic politician (ت. 1941)
- December 16 – Amy Carmichael, Irish Protestant missionary (ت. 1951)
- December 18 – Nakamura Yoshikoto, Japanese entrepreneur and politician, Mayor of Tokyo (ت. 1927)
- December 23 – Madam C. J. Walker, first African-American millionaire (ت. 1919)
- December 23 – Clotilde Apponyi, Hungarian women's rights activist, diplomat (ت. 1942)
- December 26 – Yordan Milanov, Bulgarian architect (ت. 1932)
مجهولة التاريخ
- Laura Anning Bell, English artist (ت. 1950)
- Lilian Bell, American novelist and travel writer (ت. 1929)
- حبيب باشا السعد، ثالث رئيس وزراء وثاني رئيس للبنان (و. 1942)
- Florence Fuller, South African-born Australian artist (ت. 1946)
- Zhang Haipeng, Chinese general (ت. 1949)
- probable – Scott Joplin, American musician and composer (ت. 1917)[14]
- Elena Meissner, Romanian women's rights activist (ت. 1940)
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وفيات
يناير-يونيو
الامبراطور ماكسميليان الأول من المكسيك
- January 14 – Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, French painter (و. 1780)
- 30 يناير – الامبراطور كومـِيْ, 121st Emperor of Japan (و. 1831)
- 8 مارس – Artemus Ward, American humorist (و. 1834) (بالسل)
- March 25 – Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, German chemist (و. 1795)
- April 1 – Louis du Couret, French explorer, writer and military officer (و. 1812)
- April 12 – David Canabarro, Brazilian general, Gaúcho revolutionary (و. 1796)
- April 27 – Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover, after whom Big Ben may be named (و. 1802)
- May 12 – Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard Gerhard, German archaeologist (و. 1795)
- May 23 – William Crawshay II, Welsh industrialist (و. 1788)
- 29 مايو – Margaretta Morris, American entomologist (و. 1797)
- 19 يونيو – الامبراطور ماكسميليان الأول من المكسيك (أُعدِم) (و. 1832)
يوليو-ديسمبر
King Otto of Greece
Metropolitan Abuna Salama III
- July – Thomas Baker, Methodist missionary to Fiji (و. 1832)
- July 26 – King Otto of Greece (و. 1815)
- July 31
- Benoît Fourneyron, French engineer, inventor of the turbine (و. 1802)
- Catharine Maria Sedgwick, American "domestic fiction" novelist (و. 1789)
- August 6 – David R. Porter, American politician (و. 1788)
- August 8 – Maria Theresa of Austria, second Queen consort of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies (و. 1816)
- August 21 – Juan Álvarez, interim president of Mexico, 1855 (و. 1790)
- August 25 – Michael Faraday, English chemist, physicist (و. 1791)
- August 31 – Charles Baudelaire, French writer (و. 1821)
- September 10 – Simon Sechter, Austrian music teacher (و. 1788)
- September 26 – James Ferguson, Scotland-born American astronomer (و. 1797)
- October 9 – Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński, Polish composer (و. 1807)
- October 11 – Gunatitanand Swami, Indian paramahamsa of the Hindu Swaminarayan Sampraday sect (و. 1785)
- October 23 – Franz Bopp, German linguist (و. 1791)
- October 25 – Abuna Salama III, metropolitan of the Ethiopian Church
- October 31 – William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, Irish astronomer (و. 1800)
- November 19 – Fitz-Greene Halleck, American poet (و. 1790)
- November 19 – Ren Zhu, Chinese leader of the Nian Rebellion (و. 1830?)
- December 1 – Filaret, Metropolitan of Moscow, Russian Orthodox leader (و. 1782)
- December 10 – Sakamoto Ryōma, Japanese samurai, politician and businessman (و. 1836)
- December 26 – József Kossics, Hungarian-Slovenian Catholic priest, writer and ethnologist (و. 1788)
- December 30 – Sarah Booth, English actress (و. 1793)
المراجع
- ^ Youssef Bey Karam on Ehden Family Tree website
- ^ Demey, Thierry (1990). Bruxelles, chronique d’une capitale en chantier. Vol. 1. Brussels: Paul Legrain/C.F.C.-Editions.
- ^ College, Morehouse. "Morehouse College - Morehouse Legacy". www.morehouse.edu.
- ^ Moody, T. W.; Martin, F. X., eds. (1967). The Course of Irish History. Cork: Mercier Press. p. 370.
- ^ Haverty-Stacke, D. T. (2009). America’s forgotten holiday: May Day and nationalism, 1867-1960. New York: New York University Press.
- ^ Alfred Nobel, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/416842/Alfred-Bernhard-Nobel
- ^ Schück, H.; Sohlman, R. (1929). The Life of Alfred Nobel. London: Heinemann. p. 101.
- ^ "Constitution Act, 1867". Department of Justice (Canada). 2012-07-09. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
- ^ أ ب Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 287–288. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ "US takes possession of Alaska" (in English). This Day in History. 24 November 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Vogel, Charity (2007-11-30). "The Angola Train Wreck". American History.
- ^ Hessayon, D. G. The Rose Expert. Mohn Media Mohndrunk. p. 9.
- ^ "La France: Hybrid Tea Rose". Archived from the original on September 22, 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-19.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "A Biography of Scott Joplin". The Scott Joplin International Ragtime Foundation. Archived from the original on February 24, 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2007.
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