1848
| القرون: | قرن 18 · قرن 19 · قرن 20 |
| العقود: | ع1810 ع1820 ع1830 ع1840 ع1850 ع1860 ع1870 |
| السنوات: | 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 18 – القرن 19 – القرن 20 |
| عقود: | عقد 1810 عقد 1820 عقد 1830 – عقد 1840 – عقد 1850 عقد 1860 عقد 1870 |
| سنين: | 1845 1846 1847 – 1848 – 1849 1850 1851 |
| 1848 في موضوعات: |
| الإنسانيات |
| الآثار – العمارة – الفن – الأدب (الشعر) – الموسيقى |
| حسب البلد |
| مصر – سوريا - إيران – الصين - فرنسا – ألمانيا – الدولة العثمانية – إيطاليا - اسبانيا - المغرب– روسيا - اليابان – البرازيل - الهند - المملكة المتحدة – الولايات المتحدة – إندونسيا |
| موضوعات أخرى |
| السكك الحديدية – العلوم – الرياضة |
| قوائم الزعماء |
| الدول ذات السيادة – زعماء الدول – حكام الأقاليم – الزعماء الدينيون |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات |
| المواليد – الوفيات |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات |
| تصنيف الأعمال |
| الأعمال |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1848 MDCCCXLVIII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2601 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 1297 ԹՎ ՌՄՂԷ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6598 |
| التقويم البهائي | 4–5 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 1255 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2798 |
| سنة العهد البريطاني | 11 Vict. 1 – 12 Vict. 1 |
| التقويم البوذي | 2392 |
| التقويم البورمي | 1210 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 7356–7357 |
| التقويم الصيني | 丁未年 (النار الماعز) 4544 أو 4484 — إلى — 戊申年 (التراب القرد) 4545 أو 4485 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1564–1565 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 3014 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1840–1841 |
| التقويم العبري | 5608–5609 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1904–1905 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1770–1771 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4949–4950 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11848 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 848–849 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 1226–1227 |
| التقويم الهجري | 1264–1265 |
| التقويم الياباني | Kōka 5 / Kaei 1 (嘉永元年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | الگريگوري ناقص 12 يوم |
| التقويم الكوري | 4181 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 64 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前64年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 2391 |
سنة 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) كانت سنة كبيسة تبدأ يوم السبت (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1848 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 848 في الألفية 2، السنة 48 في القرن 19، والسنة 9 في عقد 1840 بين 1583 و 1929 ومع فارق 1848 is 12 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.
It is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the political and philosophical landscape and had major ramifications throughout the rest of the century.
-
Cheering revolutionaries in Berlin, on March 19, 1848, with the new flag of Germany -
French Revolution of 1848: Republican riots forced King Louis-Philippe to abdicate -
German National Assembly's meeting in St. Paul's Church -
Battle of Pákozd in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
أحداث
يناير-مارس
- 3 يناير – Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in, as the first رئيس جمهورية ليبيريا الأفريقية المستقلة.
- January 12 – The Palermo rising erupts in Sicily, against the Bourbon مملكة الصقليتين.
- January 24 – California Gold Rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California.
- January 31
- Construction of the Washington Monument begins in Washington, D.C.
- John C. Frémont is court-martialed on grounds of mutiny and disobeying orders. The verdict is set aside by United States President James K. Polk, but Frémont retires to California Territory.
- February 2
- Mexican–American War – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Mexico cedes virtually all of what becomes the Southwestern United States to the U.S. The unincorporated California Territory becomes a provisional official possession; it is never organized by the United States Congress as a territory, but directly passes the requirements for statehood in 1850.
- John Henry Newman founds the first Oratory in the English-speaking world, when he establishes the Birmingham Oratory at 'Maryvale', Old Oscott, England.
- February 17 – John Bird Sumner is nominated as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- February 21 – Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto (Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei) in London.
- February 23 – François Guizot, Prime Minister of France, resigns; 52 people from the Paris mob are killed by soldiers guarding public buildings.
- February 24 – Louis Philippe I, King of the French, abdicates in favour of his grandson, Prince Philippe, Count of Paris, and flees to England after days of revolution in Paris. The French Second Republic is later proclaimed by Alphonse de Lamartine, in the name of the provisional government elected by the Chamber, under the pressure of the mob.
- 2 مارس – March Unrest breaks out in Sweden.
- 2 مارس - دوق أومال، الذي ارتئى إخضاعاً كاملاً لمنطقة القبائل، اضطر للفرار إلى إنجلترة إثر ثورة 1848. وهناك التحق بالعائلة المالكة في المنفى. وحتى 1851، تعاقب سبع حكام استعماريون على الجزائر: Cavaignac , Changarnier , then Marey-Monge , Charon , d'Hautpoul and Pélissier . During the Second Republic , political instability in France had repercussions in Algeria. Some Kabyle tribes engaged in pillaging; religious brotherhoods, in particular the Derkaoua and the Senousis on the borders of the regencies of Tunis and Tripoli , preached holy war ; in South Oran، أولاد سيدي الشيخ rose up.
- March 11 – Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin became the first Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada to be democratically elected, under a system of responsible government.
- 13 مارس – Prince Klemens von Metternich gives up office as State Chancellor and Foreign Minister of the Austrian Empire.
- March 15 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Hungarian young revolutionary intellectuals, led by Sándor Petőfi, Mór Jókai, etc., called the Márciusi Ifjak (Young men of March) organize peaceful mass demonstrations in Pest, forcing the city's Habsburg authorities to accept the 12 Points: the Hungarian claim for freedom and self-determination within the Habsburg Empire. On the same day, Lajos Kossuth and representatives of the Diet of Hungary go to Vienna, and force the emperor and Hungarian king Ferdinand I of Austria to accept Hungarian claims for self-determination within the empire.
- March 18
- In a Berlin barricade, fighting between revolutionaries and royalist forces marks the culmination of the German revolutions of 1848–49. Hundreds are killed in the clashes, but King Frederick William IV of Prussia is forced to honour the dead, and appoint a liberal government.
- The Boston Public Library is founded by an act of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts.
- March 22 – The Republic of San Marco comes into existence in Venice.
- March 23 – The settlement of Dunedin, New Zealand is founded, with the arrival of settlers from Scotland on board the John Wickliffe.
- March 24 – The First Schleswig War (ألمانية: Schleswig-Holsteinischer Krieg, or Three Years' War (دنماركية: Treårskrigen)), a military conflict in southern Denmark and northern Germany rooted in the Schleswig-Holstein Question, contesting the issue of who should control the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, begins.
- March 29 – Queen's College, London, founded, the world's first school to award academic qualifications to young women.
أبريل-يونيو
- April 10
- A Chartist 'Monster Rally' is held in Kennington Park London, headed by Feargus O'Connor. A petition demanding the franchise is presented to the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
- The Illinois and Michigan Canal is completed.
- April 11 – The first Hungarian national government is formed, under the leadership of Lajos Batthyány. The April Laws, the first democratic revolutionary laws in Hungary, are promulgated. These laws are the first modern laws in Hungary, which put an end to the feodal privileges of the nobility and serfdom, proclaim the freedom of religion, the freedom of the press, the foundation of the Hungarian National Bank, organises the first democratic election in Hungary based in popular representation, national guard, reunion of Transylvania with Hungary, etc. The Habsburg emperor, and Hungarian king Ferdinand I of Austria, ratify these laws, which form the base of modern Hungary.
- April 18 – The Second Anglo-Sikh War breaks out in the Punjab.
- April 25 - Captain Francis Crozier and Commander James Fitzjames of the Royal Navy deposit the final record ever recovered from the Franklin Expedition in a cairn on King William Island, after deserting their ships, HMS Erebus and HMS Terror, with their surviving 105 crew members on April 22, to march to the mainland of North America.
- April 27 – The second abolition of slavery in France and its colonies initiated by Victor Schœlcher.
- April 29 – Pope Pius IX publishes an allocution announcing his refusal to support Piedmont-Sardinia in its war with Austria, and dispelling hopes that he might serve as ruler of a pan-Italian republic. The allocution, by which Pius is seen to withdraw his moral support for the Italian unification movement, is a key first step in the soon-to-be crushing reaction against the revolutions of 1848.
- May 15
- Radicals invade the French Chamber of Deputies.
- 40,000 Romanians meet at Câmpia Libertății in Blaj, to protest Transylvania becoming a part of Hungary.[1]
- May 18 – The first German National Assembly (Nationalversammlung) opens in Frankfurt, Germany.
- May 19 – The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ending the Mexican–American War, is ratified by the Mexican government (cf. February 2, above).
- May 29 – Wisconsin is admitted as the 30th U.S. state.
- May 30 – The Prudential Mutual Assurance Investment and Loan Association is established at Hatton Garden in London (England) to provide loans to professional and working people, origin of the multinational life insurance and financial services group.[2]
- June – The Serbians from Vojvodina start a rebellion against the Hungarian government.
- June 2 – 12 – The Prague Slavic Congress brings together members of the Pan-Slavism movement.
- June 17 – The Austrian army bombards Prague, and crushes a working-class revolt.
- June 21 – Wallachian Revolution of 1848: The Proclamation of Islaz is made public, and a Romanian revolutionary government led by Ion Heliade Rădulescu and Christian Tell is created.
- June 22 – The French government dissolves the national workshops in Paris, giving the workers the choice of joining the army or going to workshops in the provinces. The following day, the June Days Uprising begins in response.
يوليو-سبتمبر
- يوليو - محمد علي باشا يتنازل عن حكم مصر لابنه إبراهيم باشا، الذي يتوفى في 10 نوفمبر.
- يوليو – The Public Health Act establishes Boards of Health across England and Wales, the nation's first public health law, giving cities broad authority to build modern sanitary systems.[3]
- July 5 – The Hungarian national revolutionary parliament starts to work.
- July 19 – Women's rights – Seneca Falls Convention: The 2-day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York and "Bloomers" are introduced at the feminist convention.
- July 26
- The Matale Rebellion breaks out, against British rule in Sri Lanka.
- The University of Wisconsin–Madison is founded.
- July 29 – Young Irelander Rebellion: A nationalist revolt in County Tipperary, against British rule, is put down by the Irish Constabulary.[3]
- August 6 – HMS Daedalus reports a sighting of a sea serpent.
- August 14 – American President James K. Polk annexes the Oregon Country, and renames it the Oregon Territory as part of the United States.
- August 17 – The Independent Republic of Yucatán officially unites with Mexico, in exchange for Mexican help in suppressing a revolt by the indigenous Maya population.
- August 19 – California Gold Rush: The New York Herald breaks the news to the East Coast of the United States that there is a gold rush in California (although the rush started in January).
- August 24 – The U.S. barque Ocean Monarch is burnt out off the Great Orme, North Wales, with the loss of 178, chiefly emigrants.
- August 28 – Louisy Mathieu becomes the first black member to join the French Parliament, as a representative of Guadeloupe.
- 29 أغسطس - البور، driven out of Natal in 1843 , clash with British forces at the Battle of Boomplaats and are pushed back north of the Vaal . Britain annexes the Orange State.
- September 11 – The Croatian army of Josip Jelačić, encouraged in secret by the Habsburg government, crosses the Drava River and attacks Hungary, with the goal of ending the revolution in that country.
- September 12 – One of the successes of the Revolutions of 1848, the Swiss Federal Constitution, patterned on the US Constitution, enters into force, creating a federal republic, and one of the first modern democratic states in Europe.
- September 13 – Vermont railroad worker Phineas Gage survives a 3-foot-plus iron rod being driven through his head.
- September 16 – William Cranch Bond and William Lassell discover Hyperion, Saturn's moon.
- 19 سبتمبر - Decree relating to agricultural colonies to be founded in Algeria [ 9 ] . The French government grants a credit of 50 million to develop proletarian colonization by establishing some 12,000 workers and intellectuals in Algeria . The number of settlers increases from 40,000 in 1840 to 131,000 in 1848 and the rate of land confiscation accelerates. The repression in France of the June insurgents provokes a wave of migration towards Algeria.
- September 25 – The Hungarian king and Habsburg emperor Ferdinand V refuses to recognise the Hungarian government, led by Lajos Batthyány. The Batthyány government resigns and the National Defence Committee is formed, which is a temporary crisis government, totally independent from Vienna, under the leadership of Lajos Kossuth.
- September 26 – The University of Ottawa is founded in Canada as the College of Bytown, a Roman Catholic institution.
- 29 سبتمبر – Battle of Pákozd: The Hungarian revolutionary army, led by János Móga, defeats the Croatian army of Josip Jelačić, forcing him to retreat towards Vienna.
أكتوبر-ديسمبر
- October 2 – The National Defence Committee (Országos Honvédelmi Bizottmány), led by Lajos Kossuth, becomes the executive power in Hungary, after the resignation of the Lajos Batthyány government.
- October 3 – General Anton Puchner, commander of the Austrian armies of Transylvania, declares insurrection against Hungary, and, together with the Romanian insurgents led by Avram Iancu, attacks and chases away the Hungarian armed forces occupying Transylvania. During these events (mostly in October 1848 – January 1849, but also between May–July 1849) between 7,500–8,500 Hungarian civilians (men, women, and children) are massacred by the Romanian insurgents.[4]
- October 18 – Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton: A Tale of Manchester Life, is published anonymously in London.
- October 24 – Romanian bands massacre 640 Hungarian civilians at the town of Zlatna, Transylvania.[5]
- October 28 – In Catalonia, Spain, the Barcelona–Mataró railroad route (the first to be constructed in the Iberian Peninsula) is inaugurated.
- October 30 – Battle of Schwechat: Hungarian forces which crossed the Austrian border, in order to unite with the Viennese revolutionaries, are defeated by the imperial army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz and Josip Jelačić.
- October 31 – Vienna is occupied by the imperial forces led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, who crushes the revolution here.
- November 1 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the first medical school for women, the Boston Female Medical School (which later merges with Boston University School of Medicine), opens.
- November 3 – A new Constitution of the Netherlands (drafted by Johan Rudolph Thorbecke), severely limiting the power of the monarchy and introducing representative democracy, is proclaimed.
- November 4 – France ratifies a new constitution. The French Second Republic is set up, ending the state of temporary government lasting since the Revolution of 1848.
- November 7 – 1848 United States presidential election: Whig Zachary Taylor of Louisiana defeats Democrat Lewis Cass of Michigan, in the first U.S. presidential election held in every state on the same day.
- November 24 – Pope Pius IX flees Rome in disguise for Naples.
- December 2 – Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria abdicates in favor of his nephew, Franz Joseph, who will serve as Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary and Bohemia, until his death in 1916.
- 6 ديسمبر – The Austrian imperial army, led by Franz Schlik, attacks Hungary.
- 7 ديسمبر - عباس حلمي الأول، ابن طوسون، حفيد محمد علي، يعترف به الباب العالي والياً على مصر (ظل بالمنصب حتى 1854). ابتعد عباس الأول عن القوى الغربية. وبالرغم من علاقاته المضطربة مع الدولة العثمانية فقد واصل دفع جزية سنوية قدرها 30 مليون قرش حددها الباب العالي.
- 9 ديسمبر - مرسوم قسّم الجزائر الفرنسية إلى ثلاث أقاليم: الجزائر ، وهران و قسنطينة.
- December 10 – Prince Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte is elected first president of the French Second Republic.
- December 16 – The main Austrian imperial forces, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, cross the Hungarian border.
- December 18 – Punta Arenas, the first major settlement in the Strait of Magellan, is founded.
- 20 ديسمبر
- President Napoleon III takes his oath of office in front of the French National Assembly.
- Slavery is abolished in Réunion (this day is celebrated every year from 1981).
- December 25 – Hungarian forces, led by Józef Bem, enter Kolozsvár (Cluj), after defeating the Austrian armies in northern Transylvania.
- 30 ديسمبر – معركة مور: The imperial army, led by Josip Jelačić, defeats the Hungarian army, led by Mór Perczel.
مجهولة التاريخ
- British, Dutch, and German governments lay claim to غينيا الجديدة.
- Admiral Nevelskoy demonstrates that the Strait of Tartary is a strait.
- Labuan is made a British Crown colony.
- A cholera epidemic in New York kills 5,000.
- The University of Mississippi admits its first students.
- Geneva College (Pennsylvania) is founded as Geneva Hall in Northwood, Logan County, Ohio.
- Rhodes College is founded in Clarksville, Tennessee as the Masonic University of Tennessee.
- The Shaker song "Simple Gifts" is written by Joseph Brackett in Alfred, Maine.
- Richard Wagner begins writing the libretto that will become Der Ring des Nibelungen ("The Ring of the Nibelung").
- Watch brand Omega is founded by Louis Brandt in Switzerland.[citation needed]
- Conquest of Bondo and Kasanje in Angola by the Portuguese (end in 1852 ).
- Beginning of the reign of Olimi V Rwakabale, king of Bounyoro (end in 1852) [ 14 ] . He came to power following a new war of succession.
- The Toucouleur chief El Hadj Omar settled in Dinguinraye on the banks of the Senegal River . He acquired a reputation as a saint and gathered many disciples who would form the leadership of his army.
- The French scholar and traveler Antoine d'Abbadie d'Arrast completes the exploration and mapping of Ethiopia , begun in 1838.
أحداث مستمرة
- Great Famine (Ireland) (1845–49).
مواليد
يناير-مارس
- January 4 – Katsura Tarō, 6th prime minister of Japan (d. 1913)
- January 6 – Hristo Botev, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1876)
- January 21 – Henri Duparc, French composer (d. 1933)
- January 24 – Vasily Surikov, Russian painter (d. 1916)
- January 27 – Tōgō Heihachirō, Japanese admiral (d. 1934)
- February 5
- Joris-Karl Huysmans, French author (d. 1907)
- Belle Starr, American outlaw (d. 1889)
- February 13 – Hermann von Eichhorn, German field marshal (d. 1918)
- February 14 – Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer (d. 1934)
- February 16
- Octave Mirbeau, French art critic, novelist (d. 1917)
- Hugo de Vries, Dutch botanist and geneticist (d. 1935)
- February 18 – Louis Comfort Tiffany, American glass artist (d. 1933)
- February 24
- Grant Allen, Canadian author (d. 1899)
- Andrew Inglis Clark, Australian jurist and politician (d. 1907)
- February 25 – King William II of Württemberg (d. 1921)
- February 27 – Sir Hubert Parry, English composer (d. 1918)
- March 3 – Adelaide Neilson, English actress (d. 1880)
- March 18 – Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, daughter of Queen Victoria (d. 1939)
- March 19 – Wyatt Earp, American lawman and gunfighter (d. 1929)
- March 21 – David McNair, Scottish plasterer and amateur footballer (Falkirk F.C.) (d.1935)
- March 29 – Aleksey Kuropatkin, Russian general, Imperial Russian Minister of War (d. 1925)
- March 31 – William Waldorf Astor, American-born British financier and statesman (d. 1919)
أبريل-يونيو
- April 7 – Randall Davidson, British Archbishop of Canterbury (ت. 1930)
- April 10 – Hubertine Auclert, French feminist (ت. 1914)
- April 27 – King Otto of Bavaria (ت. 1916)
- May 10 – Sir Thomas Lipton, Scottish retailer and yachtsman (ت. 1931)
- May 20 – Howard Vernon, Australian actor (ت. 1921)
- May 23
- Otto Lilienthal, German engineer, aviation pioneer (ت. 1896)
- Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, German general (ت. 1916)
- June 7
- Paul Gauguin, French artist (ت. 1903)
- Dolores Jiménez y Muro, Mexican revolutionary and educator (ت. 1925)
- June 13 – Cornélie Huygens, Dutch writer, social democrat and feminist (ت. 1902)
- June 15 – Sol Smith Russell, American stage comedian (ت. 1902)
- June 19 – Mary R. Platt Hatch, American author (ت. 1935)
يوليو-سبتمبر
- July 3 – Lothar von Trotha, German military commander (ت. 1920)
- July 6 – Gábor Baross, Hungarian statesman (ت. 1892)
- July 7 – Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, 5th President of Brazil (ت. 1919)
- July 9 – Robert I, Duke of Parma, last ruling Duke of Parma (ت. 1907)
- July 10 – Anatoly Stessel, Russian baron and general (ت. 1915)
- July 15 – Vilfredo Pareto, Italian economist (ت. 1923)
- July 18 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (ت. 1915)
- July 22
- Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (ت. 1914)
- Winfield Scott Stratton, American miner (ت. 1902)
- July 25 – Arthur Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (ت. 1930)
- July 31 – Jean-Baptiste Olive, French painter (ت. 1936)
- August 6 – Susie Taylor, African American nurse. First nurse in the Black Army (ت. 1912)
- August 19 – Gustave Caillebotte, French painter (ت. 1894)
- August 24 – Kate Claxton, American actress (ت. 1924)
- August 30 – Gheorghe Bengescu, Romanian diplomat and man of letters (ت. 1922)
- September 4 – Lewis Howard Latimer, African-American inventor (ت. 1928)
- September 8 – Viktor Meyer, German chemist (ت. 1897)
- September 20 – Friedrich Soennecken, German entrepreneur, inventor of the hole punch and ringbinder (ت. 1919)
أكتوبر-ديسمبر
- October 3 – Henry Lerolle, French painter (ت. 1929)
- October 5 – Liborius Ritter von Frank, Austro-Hungarian general (ت. 1935)
- October 15 – Harmon Northrop Morse, American chemist (ت. 1920)
- November 8 – Gottlob Frege, German logician (ت. 1925)
- November 11 – Zinovy Rozhestvensky, Russian admiral (ت. 1909)
- November 12 – Eduard Müller, member of the Swiss Federal Council (ت. 1919)
- November 13 – Albert I, Prince of Monaco (ت. 1922)
- November 14 – Sándor Wekerle, 3-time Prime Minister of Hungary (ت. 1921)
- November 20 – James M. Spangler, American inventor (ت. 1915)
- November 24 – Zhang Peilun, Chinese naval commander and government official (ت. 1903)
- November 25 – Margaret Abigail Cleaves, American physician and writer (ت. 1917)
- November 27 – Maximilian von Prittwitz, German general (ت. 1917)
- November 29 – Paul Pau, French general (ت. 1932)
- December 6 – Johann Palisa, Austrian astronomer (ت. 1925)
- December 17 – William Wynn Westcott, British freemason (ت. 1925)
مجهولة التاريخ
- Alexander Bedward, Jamaican preacher (ت. 1930)
- Alice Williams Brotherton, American author (ت. 1930)
- مريانا مراش، كاتبة سورية وصاحبة صالون ثقافي (ت. 1919)
- Mary Thomas (labor leader), (ت. 1905)
- مرزا مهدي، أصغر أبناء بهاء الله مؤسس البهائية (ت. 1870)
- ڤيكتور سخاروف، جنرال روسي (ت. 1905)
وفيات
يناير-يونيو
- 9 يناير – Caroline Herschel, German astronomer (و. 1750)
- January 17 – Petrobey Mavromichalis, Prime Minister of Greece (و. 1765)
- January 19 – Isaac D'Israeli, English author (و. 1766)
- January 20 – Christian VIII, King of Denmark (و. 1786)
- February 15 – Hermann von Boyen, Prussian field marshal (و. 1771)
- February 22 – Wilhelmine Reichard, first German woman balloonist (و. 1788)
- February 23 – John Quincy Adams, 80, 6th President of the United States, son of John Adams and Abigail Adams (و. 1767)
- March 29 – John Jacob Astor, American businessman (و. 1763)
- April 8 – Gaetano Donizetti, Italian composer (و. 1797)
- May 24 – Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, German writer (و. 1797)
- June 23 – Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este (و. 1776)
- June 27 – Denis Auguste Affre, Archbishop of Paris (و. 1793)
يوليو-ديسمبر
- July 4 – François-René de Chateaubriand, French writer, diplomat (و. 1768)
- July 9 – Jaime Balmes, Spanish philosopher, theologian (و. 1810)
- July 10 – Karoline Jagemann, German actor (و. 1777)
- July 20 – Francis R. Shunk, American politician (و. 1788)
- August 3 – Edward Baines, British newspaperman, politician (و. 1774)
- August 5 – Pedro Vélez, Mexican politician (و. 1787)
- August 7 – Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Swedish chemist (و. 1779)
- August 8 – Puran Appu, Sri Lankan hero who led the Matale rebellion against the British (و. 1812)
- August 9 – Frederick Marryat, British novelist (و. 1792)
- August 12 – George Stephenson, English locomotive pioneer (Locomotion No. 1 & Rocket) (و. 1781)
- August 14 – Sarah Fuller Flower Adams, English hymnwriter (و. 1805)
- August 30 – Simon Willard, celebrated American horologist (و. 1753)
- September 24 – Branwell Brontë, English painter, poet, brother of novelists Charlotte, Emily and Anne (و. 1817)
- October 28 – Harrison Gray Otis, American politician (و. 1765)
- November 8 - Moseley Baker, American politician (و. 1802)
- November 9 – Robert Blum, German politician (و. 1810)
- November 10 – Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt, military leader (و. 1789)
- November 23 – Sir John Barrow, English statesman (و. 1764)
- November 24 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (و. 1779)
- December 1 – Kyokutei Bakin, Japanese author (و. 1767)
- December 18 – Bernard Bolzano, Bohemian mathematician, logician, philosopher and theologian (و. 1781)
- December 19 – Emily Brontë, English author (و. 1818)[6]
- December 30 – Mary Frances Allitsen, English composer (ت. 1912)
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ Stoica, Vasile (1919). The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Printing Company. p. 23.
- ^ "Timeline 1826–1901". Prudential plc. Archived from the original on 2010-08-13. Retrieved 2010-08-30.
- ^ أ ب Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 269–270. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ Egyed Ákos: Erdély 1848–1849 (Transylvania in 1848–1849). Pallas Akadémia Könyvkiadó, Csíkszereda 2010. p. 517 (Hungarian)
- ^ Magyar Nemzet: Fejőszék Százhatvan éve irtották ki Nagyenyedet a román felkelők.
- ^ "Emily Bronte | Biography, Works, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 17 April 2019.
للاستزادة
- Louis Heilprin (1885). "Chronological Table of Universal History". Historical Reference Book. New York: D. Appleton and Company – via Hathi Trust.
1848
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وصلات خارجية
- European newspapers from 1848 – The European Library
- "1848". Timeline. US: Digital Public Library of America. Archived from the original on June 5, 2014.