1791
تحويل 1-1-1791م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-1791م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1791
| قرن: | قرن 0 - قرن 1 - قرن 2 |
| العقد: | عقد -20 عقد -10 0 - عقد 10 - عقد 20 عقد 30 عقد 40
|
| سنة: | 14 15 16 - 17 - 18 19 20 |
| التحويل من ميلادي إلى هجري |
| تحويل 1-1-1791م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) |
| تحويل 31-12-1791م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) |
| ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1791 |
| الألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| القرون: | القرن 17 - القرن 18 - القرن 19 |
| العقود: | عقد 1760 عقد 1770 عقد 1780 - عقد 1790 - عقد 1800 عقد 1810 عقد 1820 |
| السنوات: | 1788 1789 1790 - 1791 - 1792 1793 1794 |
| 1791 حسب الموضوع: | |
| الفنون والعلوم | |
| الآثار – العمارة – الفن – الأدب (الشعر) – الموسيقى – العلوم | |
| البلدان | |
| فرنسا – الولايات المتحدة - مصر - سوريا | |
| قوائم الزعماء | |
| حكام المستعمرات – زعماء الدول | |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
| تصنيف الأعمال | |
| الأعمال | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1791 MDCCXCI |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2544 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 1240 ԹՎ ՌՄԽ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6541 |
| التقويم البهائي | −53 – −52 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 1198 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2741 |
| سنة العهد البريطاني | 31 Geo. 3 – 32 Geo. 3 |
| التقويم البوذي | 2335 |
| التقويم البورمي | 1153 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 7299–7300 |
| التقويم الصيني | 庚戌年 (المعدن الكلب) 4487 أو 4427 — إلى — 辛亥年 (المعدن الخنزير) 4488 أو 4428 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1507–1508 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2957 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1783–1784 |
| التقويم العبري | 5551–5552 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1847–1848 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1713–1714 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4892–4893 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11791 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 791–792 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 1169–1170 |
| التقويم الهجري | 1205–1206 |
| التقويم الياباني | Kansei 3 (寛政３年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | الگريگوري ناقص 11 يوم |
| التقويم الكوري | 4124 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 121 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前121年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 2334 |
سنة 1791 (MDCCXCI) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم السبت (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1791st بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 791st في الألفية 2، السنة 91st في القرن 18، والسنة 2nd في عقد 1790 بين 1583 و 1929 ومع فارق 1791 is 11 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.
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أحداث
يناير-مارس
- 2 يناير – Big Bottom massacre in the Ohio Country, marking the beginning of the Northwest Indian War.
- January 12 – Holy Roman troops reenter Liège, heralding the end of the Liège Revolution, and the restoration of its Prince-Bishops.
- January 25 – The British Parliament passes the Constitutional Act 1791, splitting the old province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada.
- February 8 – The Bank of the United States, based in Philadelphia, is incorporated by the federal government with a 20-year charter and started with $10,000,000 capital.[1]
- 21 فبراير – The United States opens diplomatic relations with Portugal.
- 2 مارس – French Revolution:
- The abolition of guilds is enacted.
- A mechanical semaphore line for rapid long-distance communication is demonstrated by Claude Chappe in Paris.
- 4 مارس – Vermont is admitted, as the 14th U.S. state.
- 7 مارس - حرب ميسور الثالثة، في الهند: الحاكم البريطاني كورنوالس يستولي على بنگالور. الحصن سقط في 21 مارس.
- 13 مارس – Thomas Paine's chief work Rights of Man (first part) is published in London.[2]
- مارس – French Revolution: In France, the National Constituent Assembly accepts the recommendation of its Commission of Weights and Measures, that the nation should adopt the metric system.
أبريل-يونيو
- 1 أبريل - من فالموث انطلقت تجريدة ڤانكوڤر حول العالم (انتهت في 1795).
- 19 أبريل - شركة الهند الشرقية تستثني الأخلاط (الأوراسيين) من حق تولي مناصب فيها.
- April 21 – The first of forty boundary stones, delineating the borders of the new District of Columbia in the United States, is laid at Jones Point Light, in Alexandria, Virginia.
- May 3 – The Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth proclaims the Constitution of May 3, 1791, the first modern codified constitution in Europe.
- 13 - 26 مايو - Cornwallis tries in vain to take Seringapatam from Tipû Sâhib ; he retired to Bangalore
- June 20 – French Revolution – Flight to Varennes: The French Royal Family is captured when they try to flee in disguise.
- June 21 – The Ordnance Survey is founded in Great Britain.[3]
يوليو-سبتمبر
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- يوليو - Gurkhas of Nepal attempt to annex Tibet a second time, after the Dalai Lama's government refuses to pay war indemnities. In October, they looted the Tashilhunpo monastery in Shigatse . A Chinese expeditionary force crushes them inMay 1792, briefly occupies Nepal and forces them to become dependent on China (September 1792) 4 . The Nepalese sought the protection of the British with whom they signed trade treaties in 1791.
- July 8 – Austrian composer Joseph Haydn, on a visit to England, is awarded an honorary doctorate of music at the University of Oxford.
- July 11 – The ashes of Voltaire are transferred to the Panthéon in Paris.
- July 14–17 – Priestley Riots against Dissenters in Birmingham, England.
- July 17 – French Revolution: The Champ de Mars massacre occurs in Paris.
- August 4 – The Treaty of Sistova is signed, ending the Ottoman–Habsburg wars.
- August 6 – The Brandenburg Gate in Berlin (Prussia) is finished.
- August 7 – George Hammond is appointed as Great Britain's first minister to the United States.[1]
- August 21 – Haitian Revolution: A slave rebellion breaks out in the French colony of Saint-Domingue.
- August 26 – John Fitch is granted a patent for the steamboat in the United States.
- 27 أغسطس
- Declaration of Pillnitz: A proclamation by Frederick William II of Prussia and the Habsburg Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, affirms their wish to "put the King of France in a state to strengthen the bases of monarchic government."
- Third Anglo-Mysore War: Battle of Tellicherry: Off the south-west coast of India, a British Royal Navy patrol forces a French convoy bound for Mysore to surrender.
- بعد 1 سبتمبر - death Nioro of Daniel Houghton , British explorer, after visiting the valley Falémé and the gold fields of the ancient kingdom of Bambouk , before reaching Timbuktu , its ultimate goal.
- 5 سبتمبر –
- An ordinance is written barring the game of baseball within 80 yards of the Meeting House in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, the first known reference to the game of baseball in North America.[4]
- Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen is written by activist Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.[5]
- September 6 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera seria, La clemenza di Tito, premières at the Estates Theatre in Prague to mark the coronation of Leopold II as King of Bohemia.
- September 9 – The capital of the United States, Washington, D.C., is named after the incumbent 1st President George Washington.
- September 12 – The first serious secondary education school open to girls in Denmark, the Døtreskolen af 1791, is founded in Copenhagen.
- September 13 – French Revolution: Louis XVI of France accepts the final version of the completed constitution.
- September 14 – French Revolution: The Papal States lose Avignon to Revolutionary France.
- September 25 – Mission Santa Cruz is founded by Basque Franciscan Father Fermín Lasuén, becoming the 12th mission in the California mission chain.
- September 28 – French Revolution: The law on Jewish emancipation is promulgated in France, the first such legislation in modern Europe.
- September 30 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's singspiel opera The Magic Flute (Die Zauberflöte) premières at the Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden في Vienna.
أكتوبر-ديسمبر
- October 1 – French Revolution: The Legislative Assembly (France) convenes.
- October 9 – Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad is founded by Father Fermín Lasuén, becoming the 13th mission in the California mission chain.
- October 28 – French Revolution: The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen is published in France.
- November 4 – St. Clair's Defeat, the worst loss suffered by the United States Army in fighting against American Indians, takes place in what is now Mercer County, Ohio. Miami fighters led by Chief Mihsihkinaahkwa (Little Turtle) and by Shawnee warriors commanded by War Chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) rout the forces of General Arthur St. Clair and kill 630 U.S. soldiers, along with hundreds of civilians.[6]
- نوفمبر - François Dominique Toussaint Louverture joins the Haitian slave revolt against France
- December 4 – The first issue of The Observer, the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published in London.
- December 5 – Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart dies aged 35 at his home in Vienna, perhaps of acute rheumatic fever, and is buried two days later.
- 8 ديسمبر - اعدام پول يون، المسيحي الكوري، الذي دمر ألواح أسلافه. وتلك كانت بداية اضطهاد الكاثوليكية في كوريا.
- December 15 – Ratification by the states of the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution is completed, creating the United States Bill of Rights. Two additional amendments remain pending, and one of these is finally ratified in 1992, becoming the Twenty-seventh Amendment.
- December 23 – The Pale of Settlement is established by ukase of Catherine the Great, specifying those areas of the Russian Empire in which Jews are permitted permanent residency.
- 25 ديسمبر - Emperor of China Qianlong sends his troops to Lhasa in Tibet to expel Nepalese invaders .
- مدغشقر - بداية حكم زكاڤولا، ابن زناهاري، ملك بتسيميسراكا. Very unpopular, he was assassinated in 1803 by his subjects.
- إصلاحات عميقة في الجيش العثماني بفضل مستشارين أوروپيين.
مجهولة التاريخ
- The first American ship reaches Japan.
- The School for the Indigent Blind, the oldest continuously operating specialist school of its kind in the world, is founded in Liverpool, England, by blind ex-merchant seaman, writer and abolitionist Edward Rushton.
- Camembert cheese reputedly first made by Marie Harel, a farmer from Normandy.[7]
- The Dar Hassan Pacha (palace) in the Casbah of Algiers is completed.[8]
مواليد
- January 15 – Franz Grillparzer, Austrian writer (ت. 1872)
- January 28 – Ferdinand Hérold, French composer (ت. 1833)
- February 12 – Peter Cooper, American industrialist, inventor and philanthropist (ت. 1883)
- February 21
- Carl Czerny, Austrian composer (ت. 1857)
- John Mercer, English chemist, industrialist (ت. 1866)
- March 20 – Marie Ellenrieder, German painter (ت. 1863)
- March 31 – Franciszek Mirecki, Polish composer, conductor and teacher (ت. 1862
- April 3 – Anne Lister, landowner, diarist, mountaineer and traveller, "the first modern lesbian" (ت. 1840)
- April 23 – James Buchanan, American lawyer, politician, and 15th president of the United States. (ت. 1868)
- April 27 – Samuel Morse, American inventor (ت. 1872)
- June 1 – John Nelson, American lawyer (ت. 1860)
- June 30 – Félix Savart, French physicist (ت. 1841)
- July 26 – Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian composer, pianist (ت. 1844)
- September 5 – Giacomo Meyerbeer, German composer (ت. 1864)
- September 21 – István Széchenyi, Hungarian politician, writer (ت. 1860)
- September 22 – Michael Faraday, British scientist (ت. 1867)
- September 23
- Johann Franz Encke, German astronomer (ت. 1865)
- Theodor Körner, German author, soldier (ت. 1813)
- September 26 – Théodore Géricault, French painter (ت. 1824)
- October 29 – John Elliotson, British physician (ت. 1868)
- November 11 – Josef Munzinger, member of the Swiss Federal Council (ت. 1855)
- December 7 – Ferenc Novák, Hungarian Slovene song collector and priest (ت. 1836)
- December 26 – Charles Babbage, British mathematician, inventor (ت. 1871)
- approximate date – Enriqueta Favez, Swiss-born physician, surgeon (ت. 1856)
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وفيات
- January 11 – William Williams Pantycelyn, Welsh hymnist (و. 1717)
- January 23 – Johann Phillip Fabricius, German missionary (و. 1711)
- March 2 – John Wesley, English founder of Methodism (و. 1703)
- March 10 – William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford (1722–1791), England (و. 1722)
- March 14 – Johann Salomo Semler, German historian, Bible commentator (و. 1725)
- March 31 – Ralph Verney, 2nd Earl Verney of Ireland (و. 1714)
- April 2 – Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, French revolutionary leader (و. 1749)
- April 19 – Richard Price, Welsh philosopher (و. 1723)
- April 24 – Benjamin Harrison V, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (و. 1726)
- May 9 – Francis Hopkinson, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (و. 1737)
- June 5 – Frederick Haldimand, Swiss-born British colonial governor (و. 1718)
- June 10 – Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, French admiral (و. 1720)
- June 17 – Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, English Methodist leader (و. 1707)
- June 30 – Jean-Baptiste Descamps, Flemish painter and art historian (و. 1714)
- July 9 – Jacques-Nicolas Tardieu, French engraver (و. 1716)
- July 17 – Martin Dobrizhoffer, Austrian Jesuit missionary (و. 1717)
- July 25 – Isaac Low, American delegate to the Continental Congress (و. 1735)
- August 22 – Johann David Michaelis, German biblical scholar and teacher (و. 1717)
- September 25 – William Bradford, American printer (و. 1719)
- October 7 – Mary Frances of the Five Wounds, Italian Franciscan saint (و. 1715)
- October 12
- Anna Louisa Karsch, German poet (و. 1722)
- Peter Oliver, Massachusetts colonial judge (و. 1713)
- October 16 – Grigory Potemkin, Russian military leader, statesman, nobleman and favourite of Catherine the Great (و. 1739)
- November 4 – Richard Butler, American soldier (و. 1743)
- November 16 – Edward Penny, British painter (و. 1714)
- December 5 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer (و. 1756)
- December 12
- Etteilla, French occult cartomancer (و. 1738)
- Catharina Freymann, Norwegian pietist leader (و. 1708)
- December 13 – Mathieu Tillet, French botanist (و. 1714)
- December 19 – Jean-François de Neufforge, Flemish architect and engraver (و. 1714)
- December 27 – John Monro, British physician of Bethlem Hospital (و. 1716)
- مجهولة التاريخ – Maria Petraccini, Italian anatomist, physician (و. 1759)
الهامش
- ^ أ ب Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p169
- ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
- ^ "A short history of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain" (PDF).
- ^ Thorn, John (2011-08-03). "The Pittsfield "Baseball" Bylaw of 1791: What It Means". Our Game. Retrieved 2019-11-04.
- ^ Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- ^ Robert M. Owens, Red Dreams, White Nightmares: Pan-Indian Alliances in the Anglo-American Mind, 1763–1815 (University of Oklahoma Press, 2015)
- ^ "The Invention of Marie Harel". Camembert de Normandie. Archived from the original on 2010-01-04. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
- ^ "Interior of Governors Palace, Algiers, Algeria". World Digital Library. 1899. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
للاستزادة
- Louis Heilprin (1885). "Chronological Table of Universal History". Historical Reference Book. New York: D. Appleton and Company – via Hathi Trust.
1791