1578
► | قرن 15 | << قرن 16 >> | قرن 17 | ◄
► | عقد 1540 | عقد 1550 | عقد 1560 | << عقد 1570 >> | عقد 1580 | عقد 1590 | عقد 1600 | ◄
► | ► | 1573 | 1574 | 1575 | 1576 | 1577 | << 1578 >> | 1579 | 1580 | 1581 | 1582 | 1583 | ◄ | ◄
تحويل 1-1-1578م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-1578م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1578
| الألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| القرون: | القرن 15 - القرن 16 - القرن 17 |
| العقود: | عقد 1540 عقد 1550 عقد 1560 - عقد 1570 - عقد 1580 عقد 1590 عقد 1600 |
| السنوات: | 1575 1576 1577 - 1578 - 1579 1580 1581 |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1578 MDLXXVIII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2331 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 1027 ԹՎ ՌԻԷ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6328 |
| التقويم البهائي | −266 – −265 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 985 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2528 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 20 Eliz. 1 – 21 Eliz. 1 |
| التقويم البوذي | 2122 |
| التقويم البورمي | 940 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 7086–7087 |
| التقويم الصيني | 丁丑年 (النار الثور) 4274 أو 4214 — إلى — 戊寅年 (التراب النمر) 4275 أو 4215 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1294–1295 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2744 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1570–1571 |
| التقويم العبري | 5338–5339 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1634–1635 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1500–1501 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4679–4680 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11578 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 578–579 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 956–957 |
| التقويم الهجري | 985–986 |
| التقويم الياباني | Tenshō 6 (天正６年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 1578 MDLXXVIII |
| التقويم الكوري | 3911 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 334 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前334年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 2121 |
Year 1578 (MDLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
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أحداث
يناير-يونيو
- 30 يناير - Lourenço da Veiga becomes Governor General of Brazil 5 . Brazil's two governments are again united in one. There are then sixteen Portuguese centers in Brazil . Some are headed by governors ( capitães-mores ) under the governor general of Salvador de Bahia . These are sometimes real fortified posts, with small shipyards to build boats for rivers or repair ships. Cotton and tobacco are grown in addition to sugar cane .
- January 31 – Battle of Gembloux: Spanish forces under Don John of Austria and Alexander Farnese defeat the Dutch; Farnese begins to recover control of the French-speaking Southern Netherlands.
- 13 فبراير، قزوين : بداية عهد محمد خدابندا الصفوي في بلاد فارس.
- April 27 – The Duel of the Mignons claims the lives of two favorites of Henry III of France، and two favourites of Henry I, Duke of Guise.
- 28 أبريل - Scutari departs from an Ottoman expedition against the Safavids
- May 26 – The Alteratie in Amsterdam ends Catholic rule, and open Catholic worship there.
- May 31 – Martin Frobisher sails from Harwich، England to Frobisher Bay، Canada, on his third expedition.
- June 19 : Mongolian prince Altan Khan met Sonam Gyatso , the third Dalai Lama , in Inner Mongolia 11 . It introduced in Mongolia the Lamaism Tibetan school Gelugpa ( Tibetan Buddhism reformed xiv th century as opposed to the school Nyingma ). Gelugpa chief Sonam Gyatso is invited to Mongolia, near Lake Kokonor ( 1577 ). Altan Khan became Buddhist in 1578, the princes and the people follow his example. He gives the third abbot of Gelugpain Drepung , Sonam Gyatso, the title of Dalai Lama of the Mongol khanate (Dalai means "immensity of the ocean").
- يونيو - the Uzbeks take back Samarkand
يوليو-ديسمبر
- July – Martin Frobisher holds the first Thanksgiving celebration by Europeans in North America, on Newfoundland. He ships ore, which proves to be valueless fool's gold، which can only be used as road metal in London.
- 12 يوليو - troops Sébastien I st Portugal landed in Asilah with 17 000 men and 600 ships to protect Portuguese presides against the thrust of the Kingdom of Morocco 2 .
- 4 أغسطس – معركة القصر الكبير في شمال أفريقيا: المغاربة، بقيادة الملك أبو مروان عبد الملك الفاسي، يهزمون الملك سباستيان من البرتغال، الذي يلقى مصرعه. مقتل 8,000 جندي برتغالي وأسر 10 to 20,000 are taken prisoner, a hundred can win Tangier and bring the news to Lisbon . Three sovereigns die during the fight. Don Sebastian and al-Mottaouakkil are drowned, and Abd el-Malik dies of illness. His brother Ahmedis proclaimed Sultan on the battlefield. He took the name of al-Mansur (the victorious) and founded the Saadian dynasty which reached its peak under his reign. He made order with an army of mercenaries (renegades, Turks ...) (end of reign in 1603 ).
- سباستيان ترك عمه المسن، الكاردينال هنري، وريثاً له، بادئاً أزمة خلافة في البرتغال. النصر المغربي ينهي الوجود البرتغالي في المغرب.
- 10 أغسطس - Ottoman victory of Mustafa Pasha on the Safavids Tokmak Khan in front of the fortress Çıldır (Iblis-Kalaasi, the Devil's Castle); the Turkish army enters Georgia.
- 20 أغسطس-September 6 – Francis Drake، during his circumnavigation of the globe, passes through the Strait of Magellan in his ship, the newly renamed Golden Hind.[1]
- 29 سبتمبر - تأسيس تگوسيگالپا.
- 1 أكتوبر – Alessandro Farnese succeeds Don John، as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands.
- 8 ديسمبر - new Ottoman victory over the Persians on the banks of the Kura 13 ; annexation of the Shirvan and capture of Derbent by the Ottomans
- 17 ديسمبر، Ethiopia : Battle of Addi-Qoro 3 . Victory of the negus Sarsa-Dengel at the end of a lightning campaign against the governor of Tigré Yésahq, allied with the Turks. He debouched in Tembien and defeated Turks and Tigrayans in Addi-Qoro. Yeshaq and the Pasha are killed. The fortress of Débaroa, held by the Turks, surrendered without resistance. Sarsa-Dengel can celebrate at Aksum the ceremonies of the coronation, which no king had been able to perform since Zara Yacoub , and receives the name of Malak-Sagad (Kings Adored Him).
The Portuguese fort of Accra is destroyed by the Gâ 4 .
- October 21 – Battle of Wenden: The Russians are defeated by the Swedes، who proceed to take Polotsk.
مجهولة التاريخ
- Battle of the Spoiling Dyke at Trumpan in northwest Scotland: the Clan MacLeod are victorious over the MacDonalds of Uist.
- The Ottoman Empire conquers Abkhazia.
- Sarsa Dengel، Emperor of Ethiopia، kills Bahr negus Yeshaq، finally ending his rebellion.
- Sonam Gyrso receives from Prince Atlan Khan the title of Talaï, and becomes the third Dalai Lama of Tibet.
- The last outbreak of sweating sickness occurs in England.
- The Portuguese assist Lord Ōmura Sumitada، the first Christian Japanese diamyo, in repulsing an assault on Nagasaki by the Ryūzōji clan.
- السعديون يقضون على التواجد البرتغالي في المغرب بعد انتصارهم في معركة القصر الكبير.
- الصين يبغ عدد سكانها 63,109,000 نسمة.
مواليد
- January 7 – Agnes of Solms-Laubach، Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (ت. 1602)
- January 10 – Christopher Clitherow، Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament (ت. 1641)
- January 28 – Cornelius Haga، Dutch diplomat (ت. 1654)
- March 18 – Adam Elsheimer، German artist working in Rome, who died at only thirty-two (ت. 1610)
- April 1 – William Harvey، English physician (ت. 1657)
- April 14 – King Philip III of Spain (ت. 1621)
- April 17 – Maximilian van der Sandt، Dutch theologian (ت. 1656)
- May 11 – Christian Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1601–1642) (ت. 1642)
- June 5 – Claude, Duke of Chevreuse (ت. 1657)
- June 13 – Thomas Finch, 2nd Earl of Winchilsea، Member of Parliament (ت. 1639)
- July 9 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (ت. 1637)
- July 21 – Philipp Hainhofer، German merchant, banker, diplomat and art collector (ت. 1647)
- July 27 – Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond، British duchess (ت. 1639)
- July 31 – Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau، regent of Hanau-Münzenberg (ت. 1648)
- August 5 – Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes، first duke of Chaulnes (ت. 1621)
- August 10 – Matteo Rosselli، Italian painter (ت. 1650)
- August 17
- Francesco Albani، Italian painter (ت. 1660)
- Johann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen، first prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (ت. 1638)
- August 24 – John Taylor، English poet who dubbed himself The Water Poet (ت. 1653)
- September 11 – Vincenzo Maculani، Italian Catholic cardinal (ت. 1667)
- September 17 – John Prideaux، English academic administrator and Anglican bishop (ت. 1650)
- October 4 – Giovanni Francesco Guidi di Bagno، Italian Catholic cardinal (ت. 1641)
- October 12 – Baldassare Aloisi، Italian painter (ت. 1638)
- October 19 – Christine of Hesse-Kassel، Duchess of Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Coburg (ت. 1658)
- November 4 – Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg، Duke of Jülich and Berg (1614–1635) (ت. 1653)
- November 6 – Maximilian of Liechtenstein، Austrian nobleman and Imperial General (ت. 1645)
- December 2 – Agostino Agazzari، Italian composer and music theorist (ت. 1640)
- December 7 – Okaji no Kata، Japanese concubine of Tokugawa Ieyasu (ت. 1642)
- 20 ديسمبر – Henry of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne، French noble (ت. 1621)
- December 28 – Henry Bulstrode، English Member of Parliament (ت. 1643)
- December 30 – Ulrik of Denmark، Danish prince-bishop (ت. 1624)
- مجهولة التاريخ
- Giambattista Andreini، Italian actor and playwright (ت. 1650)
- Yamada Arinaga، Japanese retainer of the Shimazu clan (ت. 1668)
- Benedetto Castelli، Italian scientist (ت. 1643)
- Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry، English lawyer (ت. 1640)
- Iwasa Matabei، Japanese painter (ت. 1650)
- Samuel Jordan، American colonial legislator (ت. 1623)
- Grzegorz IV Radziwiłł، Polish magnate (ت. 1613)
- François Ravaillac، killer of Henry IV of France (ت. 1610)
- Ambrose Rookwood، English Gunpowder Plot conspirator (ت. 1606)
- Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland (ت. 1632)
- Horio Tadauji، Japanese daimyō (ت. 1604)
- Everard Digby، English conspirator (ت. 1606)
وفيات
- January 5 – Giulio Clovio، Dalmatian painter (و. 1498)
- January 6 – Queen Inseong، Korean royal consort (و. 1514)
- January 25 – Mihrimah Sultan، Sultan Suleiman's daughter (و. 1522)
- February 5 or 1579 – Giovanni Battista Moroni، Italian painter (و. 1510)
- February 12 – Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal (و. 1507)
- March 3
- Sebastiano Venier، Doge of Venice (و. 1496)
- Michael Kantakouzenos Şeytanoğlu، Ottoman Greek magnate
- March 7 – Margaret Douglas، Countess of Lennox (و. 1515)
- March 29
- Arthur Champernowne، English admiral (و. 1524)
- Louis I, Cardinal of Guise، French cardinal (و. 1527)
- April 2 – Marie Elisabeth of France، French princess (و. 1572)
- April 11 – Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany، Austrian Archduchess (و. 1547)
- April 14 – James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell، consort of Mary, Queen of Scots (و. 1535)
- April 19 – Uesugi Kenshin، Japanese samurai and warlord (و. 1530)
- May 4 – Martin Eisengrein، German theologian (و. 1535)
- June 16 – Ioan Potcoavă، Russian Cossack ataman
- July 2 – Thomas Doughty، English explorer (executed)
- July 5 – Cristoforo Madruzzo، Italian Catholic cardinal (و. 1512)
- July 27 – Jane Lumley، English translator (و. 1537)
- 4 أغسطس
- الملك سباستيان من البرتغال (و. 1554)
- توماس ستكلي، مغامر إنگليزي (و. 1525)
- أبو مروان بن عبد الملك الأول السعدي، ملك المغرب
- أبو عبد اللع محمد الثاني السعدي، ملك المغرب
- August 8 – Amago Katsuhisa، Japanese nobleman (و. 1553)
- August 11 – Pedro Nunes، Portuguese mathematician (و. 1502)
- August 16 – Andrew Corbet، English landowner and politician (و. 1522)
- September – Pierre Lescot، French architect (و. 1510)
- September 3 – Giulio della Rovere، Italian Catholic cardinal (و. 1533)
- September 22 – Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria (و. 1561)
- October 1 – Don John of Austria، military leader (و. 1547)
- October 12 – Cornelius Gemma، Dutch astronomer and astrologer (و. 1535)
- October 18 – Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias، Spanish prince (و. 1571)
- December 3 – Gonzalo II Fernández de Córdoba، Governor of the Duchy of Milan (و. 1520)
- December – Nicholas Heath، Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor of England (و. 1501)
- مجهولة التاريخ – Sabina, Duchess of Bavaria (و. 1528)
- أوئي-سوغي كن-شين
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المراجع
- ^ "Voyage of the Golden Hind". The Golden Hind. Brixham. 2012. Archived from the original on يناير 17, 2013. Retrieved سبتمبر 2, 2013.
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