ريفرسايد، كاليفورنيا
ريڤرسايد هي مقعد المقاطعة في مقاطعة ريفيرسايد، كاليفورنيا، وتقع في منطقة إنلاند إمپاير العمرانية. It is named for its location beside the Santa Ana River.[10] It is the most populous city in the Inland Empire and in Riverside County, and is located about 50 miles (80 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is also part of the Greater Los Angeles area. Riverside is the 61st-most-populous city in the United States and 12th-most-populous city in California. As of the 2020 census, Riverside had a population of 314,998.[8] Along with San Bernardino, Riverside is a principal city in the 13th-largest Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in the United States; the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA (pop. 4,599,839) ranks in size just below San Francisco (pop. 4,749,008) and above Detroit (pop. 4,392,041) in population.
Riverside, California | |
|---|---|
| City of Riverside | |
 .jpg&filetimestamp=20221102105701&) .jpg&filetimestamp=20221102105655&)   | |
.svg&filetimestamp=20221102105639&) Flag  Coat of arms | |
| الشعار: City of Arts & Innovation | |
 Location of Riverside County within the State of California | |
  Riverside Location within California  Riverside Location within the United States | |
| الإحداثيات: 33°56′53″N 117°23′46″W / 33.94806°N 117.39611°WCoordinates: 33°56′53″N 117°23′46″W / 33.94806°N 117.39611°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | Riverside |
| Incorporated | 11 أكتوبر 1883 |
| Chartered | 5 مارس 1907 |
| الحكومة | |
| • النوع | Council–manager[3] |
| • City council[5] | Mayor Patricia Lock Dawson (D) Erin Edwards Clarissa Cervantes Ronaldo Fierro Chuck Conder Gaby Placencia Jim Perry Steve Hemenway |
| • City manager | Al Zelinka[4] |
| المساحة | |
| • City | 81٫54 ميل² (211٫18 كم²) |
| • البر | 81٫23 ميل² (210٫38 كم²) |
| • الماء | 0٫31 ميل² (0٫80 كم²) |
| المنسوب | 827 ft (252 m) |
| التعداد | |
| • City | 314٬998 |
| • الترتيب | 61st in the United States 12th in California |
| • الكثافة | 3٬877٫85/sq mi (1٬497٫28/km2) |
| • العمرانية | 4٬599٬839 (13th) |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC−8 (Pacific) |
| • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC−7 (PDT) |
| ZIP codes | 92501–92509, 92513–92519, 92521–92522 |
| Area code | 951 |
| FIPS code | 06-62000 |
| GNIS feature IDs | 1661315, 2410965 |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | riversideca |
Riverside was founded in the early 1870s. It is the birthplace of the California citrus industry and home of the Mission Inn, the largest Mission Revival Style building in the United States.[11] It is also home to the Riverside National Cemetery and the Eastern Division of the Federal District Court for the Central District of California.
The University of California, Riverside, is located in the northeastern part of the city. The university also hosts the Riverside Sports Complex. Other attractions in Riverside include the Fox Performing Arts Center, Museum of Riverside, which houses exhibits and artifacts of local history, the California Museum of Photography, the California Citrus State Historic Park, Castle Park, and the Parent Washington Navel Orange Tree, the last of the two original navel orange trees in California.[12]
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التاريخ
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In the late 18th century and the early 19th century, the area was inhabited by Cahuilla and the Serrano people. Californios such as Bernardo Yorba and Juan Bandini established ranches during the first half of the 19th century.
In the 1860s, Louis Prevost launched the California Silk Center Association, a short-lived experiment in sericulture. In the wake of its failure, John W. North purchased some of its land and formed the Southern California Colony Association to promote the area's development. In March 1870, North distributed posters announcing the formation of a colony in California.[13] North, a staunch temperance-minded abolitionist from New York State, had formerly founded Northfield, Minnesota. Riverside was temperance-minded, and Republican. There were four saloons in Riverside when it was founded. The license fees were raised until the saloons moved out of Riverside.[14] Investors from England and Canada transplanted traditions and activities adopted by prosperous citizens. As a result, the first golf course and polo field in southern California were built in Riverside.
The first orange trees were planted in 1871, with the citrus industry Riverside is famous for beginning three years later (1874)[15] when Eliza Tibbets received three [15] Brazilian navel orange trees sent to her by a personal friend, William Saunders, a horticulturist at the United States Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C. The trees came from Bahia, Brazil. The Bahia orange did not thrive in Florida, but its success in southern California was phenomenal.
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The three trees were planted on the Tibbets' property. One of them died after it was trampled by a cow during the first year it was planted. After the trampling, the two remaining trees were transplanted to property belonging to Sam McCoy to receive better care than L.C. Tibbets, Eliza's husband, could provide.[16] Later, the trees were again transplanted, one at the Mission Inn property in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt (this tree died in 1922), and the other at the intersection of Magnolia and Arlington avenues. Eliza Tibbets was honored with a stone marker placed with the last tree. That tree still stands to this day inside a protective fence abutting what is now a major intersection.
The trees thrived in the southern California climate and the navel orange industry grew rapidly. Many growers purchased bud wood and then grafted the cuttings to root stock. Within a few years, the successful cultivation of many thousands of the newly discovered Brazilian navel orange trees led to a California Gold Rush of a different kind: the establishment of the citrus industry, which is commemorated in the landscapes and exhibits of the California Citrus State Historic Park and the restored packing houses in the downtown's Marketplace district. By 1882, there were more than half a million citrus trees in California, almost half of which were in Riverside. The development of refrigerated railroad cars and innovative irrigation systems established Riverside as the richest city in the United States (in terms of income per capita) by 1895.[17]
As the city grew, a small guest hotel designed in the popular Mission Revival style, known as the Glenwood Tavern, eventually grew to become the Mission Inn, favored by presidents, royalty and movie stars. Inside was housed a special chair made for the sizable President William Howard Taft. The hotel was modeled after the missions built along the California coast by Franciscan friars in the 18th and 19th centuries. (Although Spanish missionaries came as far inland as San Bernardino–San Bernardino de Sena Estancia—east of Riverside, there was no actual Spanish mission in what is now Riverside.) Postcards of lush orange groves, swimming pools and magnificent homes have attracted vacationers and entrepreneurs throughout the years. Many relocated to the warm, dry climate for reasons of health and to escape Eastern winters. Victoria Avenue, with its scattering of elegant turn-of-the-century homes, and citrus-lined paseo, serves as a reminder of European investors who settled here.[بحاجة لمصدر]
الجغرافيا
Riverside is the 61st-largest city in the United States, the 12th-largest city in California, and the largest city in California's Inland Empire metro area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 81.4 square miles (210.8 km2), of which 81.1 square miles (210 km2) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) (0.37%) is water. The elevation of downtown Riverside is 860 feet (260 m). Hills within the city limits include Mount Rubidoux, a city landmark and tourist attraction. Riverside is surrounded by small and large mountains, some of which get a dusting of winter snow. Many residents also enjoy the many beaches of Southern California. Riverside is about a 47-mile (76 km) drive to the Pacific Ocean and is close to Orange County and Los Angeles County.[18]
Cityscape
Landmarks
Riverside is home to the historic Mission Inn, the Beaux-Arts style Riverside County Historic Courthouse (based on the Petit Palais in Paris, France), and the Riverside Fox Theater, where the first showing of the 1939 film Gone with the Wind took place. The theater was purchased by the city and refurbished as part of the Riverside Renaissance Initiative.[19] The Fox Theater underwent extensive renovation and restoration, which was completed in 2009, to turn the old cinema into a performing arts theater.[20] The building was expanded to hold 1,600 seats and the stage was enlarged to accommodate Broadway-style performances. In January 2010, singer Sheryl Crow opened the newly remodeled Fox Theater in a nearly sold-out show.[21]
المناخ
| بيانات مناخ Riverside (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °ف (°س) | 94 (34.4) |
94 (34.4) |
102 (38.9) |
105 (40.6) |
110 (43.3) |
118 (47.8) |
118 (47.8) |
113 (45) |
117 (47.2) |
109 (42.8) |
100 (37.8) |
94 (34.4) |
118 (47٫8) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °ف (°س) | 67.7 (19.83) |
67.9 (19.94) |
72.1 (22.28) |
75.9 (24.39) |
79.9 (26.61) |
86.7 (30.39) |
93.3 (34.06) |
94.9 (34.94) |
91.3 (32.94) |
82.7 (28.17) |
74.5 (23.61) |
66.8 (19.33) |
79٫5 (26٫39) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °ف (°س) | 43.6 (6.44) |
44.7 (7.06) |
46.9 (8.28) |
50.0 (10) |
55.3 (12.94) |
59.3 (15.17) |
63.9 (17.72) |
64.7 (18.17) |
61.9 (16.61) |
55.2 (12.89) |
47.4 (8.56) |
42.8 (6) |
53٫0 (11٫67) |
| الصغرى القياسية °ف (°س) | 18 (-7.8) |
24 (-4.4) |
25 (-3.9) |
29 (-1.7) |
33 (0.6) |
35 (1.7) |
41 (5) |
40 (4.4) |
37 (2.8) |
30 (-1.1) |
23 (-5) |
21 (-6.1) |
18 (−7٫8) |
| هطول inches (mm) | 2.29 (58.2) |
2.41 (61.2) |
1.21 (30.7) |
0.57 (14.5) |
0.20 (5.1) |
0.04 (1) |
0.12 (3) |
0.03 (0.8) |
0.11 (2.8) |
0.33 (8.4) |
0.57 (14.5) |
1.51 (38.4) |
9٫39 (238٫5) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 4.8 | 6.9 | 5.2 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 5.1 | 35٫3 |
| Source #1: Nowdata [22] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: NCEI [23] | |||||||||||||
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السكان
| التعداد التاريخي | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| التعداد | Pop. | %± | |
| 1890 | 4٬683 | — | |
| 1900 | 7٬973 | 70٫3% | |
| 1910 | 15٬212 | 90٫8% | |
| 1920 | 19٬341 | 27٫1% | |
| 1930 | 29٬696 | 53٫5% | |
| 1940 | 34٬696 | 16٫8% | |
| 1950 | 46٬764 | 34٫8% | |
| 1960 | 84٬332 | 80٫3% | |
| 1970 | 140٬089 | 66٫1% | |
| 1980 | 170٬591 | 21٫8% | |
| 1990 | 226٬505 | 32٫8% | |
| 2000 | 255٬166 | 12٫7% | |
| 2010 | 303٬871 | 19٫1% | |
| 2020 | 314٬998 | 3٫7% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[24] | |||
| Demographic profile | 2010[25] | 2000[26] | 1990[27] | 1970[27] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 56.5% | 59.3% | 70.8% | 93.1% |
| —Non-Hispanic | 34.0% | 46.6% | 61.3% | 82.1%[28] |
| Black or African American | 7.0% | 7.4% | 7.4% | 5.2% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 49.0% | 38.1% | 26.0% | 11.4%[28] |
| Asian | 7.4% | 5.7% | 5.2% | 0.7% |
Religion
Religion in Riverside (2014)[29][30]
الاقتصاد
Riverside's economy consists largely of light-industry and generates a range of products including aircraft components, automotive parts, gas cylinders, electronic equipment, food products, and medical devices. Supporting the manufacturing sector are several industrial parks, including those in the Hunter Industrial Park, Sycamore Canyon Industrial Park and Airport Industrial Areas. As the county seat of Riverside County and the most populous city in the Inland Empire, Riverside also houses several legal, accounting, engineering, and banking firms. Citrus production and packing houses still exist within the city, but the industry is in decline.
- Top employers
According to the City's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[31] the top employers in the city are:
| # | Employer | # of employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | County of Riverside | 11,865 |
| 2 | University of California, Riverside | 8,686 |
| 3 | Riverside Unified School District | 4,000 |
| 4 | Kaiser Permanente | 3,484 |
| 5 | City of Riverside | 2,504 |
| 6 | California Baptist University | 2,285 |
| 7 | Riverside Community Hospital | 2,200 |
| 8 | Alvord Unified School District | 1,800 |
| 9 | UTC Aerospace Systems | 1,200 |
| 10 | Parkview Community Hospital | 897 |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
المدن الشقيقة
Riverside لها nine مدن شقيقة، حسب توصيف المدن الشقيقة الدولية:
The Sendai Committee is working on setting up a secure e-pal system whereby the residents of Sendai and Riverside can exchange emails in a fashion similar to pen pals. The aim is to promote grassroots cultural exchange between the two sister cities.
The city of Riverside established an economic partnership program with the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, in the early 2000s.
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
ببليوگرافيا
- Brown Jr, John and James Boyd. History of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties; With Selected Biography of Actors and Witnesses of the Period of Growth and Achievement, 3 volumes, The Western Historical Association, 1922. The Lewis Publishing Company, Chicago.
- Gunther, Jane Davies. Riverside County, California, Place Names; Their Origins and Their Stories, Riverside. 1984. LCCN 8472920-{{{3}}}.
- Patterson, Tom. A Colony For California; Riverside's First Hundred Years. Second Edition 1996. The Museum Press of the Riverside Museum Associates, Riverside. ISBN 0935661247.
- Patterson, Tom. Landmarks of Riverside; and the Stories Behind Them. 1964. Press~Enterprise Co., Riverside. LCCN 6415204-{{{3}}}.
الهامش
- ^ "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on November 3, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
- ^ "Over One Hundred and Twenty-Five Years of Service" (PDF). City of Riverside. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
- ^ "Riverside City Charter" (PDF). City of Riverside. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
- ^ "City Manager". Riverside, California. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
- ^ "City Council". Riverside, California. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
- ^ "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
- ^ "Riverside". نظام معلومات الأسماء الجغرافية، المسح الجيولوجي الأمريكي.
- ^ أ ب "QuickFacts: Riverside city, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
- ^ "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ Gunther, pages 427–429.
- ^ "Riversideca.gov" (PDF).
- ^ August 5, 2004
- ^ "Local History: Finding aids". Riverside Public Library. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
- ^ Brown and Boyd, Vol 2.
- ^ أ ب Brown and Boyd, Vol 1, p. 429
- ^ Brown and Boyd, Vol 1, p. 430
- ^ H. Vincent Moses wrote in 1982 that Riverside was the wealthiest U.S. city per capita in 1895. Dr. Moses is a city historian. See "Machines in the Garden: A Citrus Monopoly in Riverside, 1900–31", published in California History, Spring 1982.
- ^ calculate travel time. "Flight Distance from Riverside, CA to Laguna Beach, CA". Travelmath.com. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
- ^ "Riverside Renaissance Initiative". Archived from the original on June 11, 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2008.
- ^ "rehabilitation". Archived from the original on مايو 11, 2008.
- ^ Franko, Vanessa. Sheryl Crow opens the first night of entertainment at the Fox, The Press-Enterprise, January 22, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
- ^ "Climate".
- ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals". National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ "Riverside (city), California". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 24, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2012.
- ^ "Race and Hispanic or Latino: 2000". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ أ ب "California – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2012.
- ^ أ ب From 15% sample
- ^ "Adults in the Riverside metro area". Pew Research Center.
- ^ Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles, Pew Research Center
- ^ "Riverside, California | City of Arts & Innovation | Finance".
- ^ "Riverside's Sister Cities". City of Riverside, California. 2009. Archived from the original on December 21, 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2009.
للاستزادة
- Durian, Hal (2013). True Stories of Riverside and the Inland Empire. Charleston, SC: The History Press. ISBN 978-1-6094-9773-6. OCLC 822895113
- Hall, Joan H. (2003). Cottages, Colonials and Community Places of Riverside, California. Riverside, CA: Highgrove Press. ISBN 0-9631618-5-7. OCLC 55511547
- Klotz, Esther H.; Hall, Joan H. (2005). Adobes, Bungalows, and Mansions of Riverside, California. Riverside, CA: Highgrove Press. ISBN 0-9631618-6-5. OCLC 57498974
- Klotz, Esther H. (1972). Riverside and the Day the Bank Broke. Riverside, CA: Rubidoux Press. OCLC 532580
- Lech, Steve (2007). Riverside 1870–1940. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-4716-9. OCLC 127273299.
وصلات خارجية
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- Official website
- Riverside History
- ريفرسايد، كاليفورنيا at Curlie
Riverside travel guide from Wikivoyage
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