وكالة الأمن القومي

"NSA" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة استخدامات أخرى، انظر NSA (توضيح).

وكالة الأمن القومي/خدمة الأمن المركزي (NSA/CSS)، هي وكالة أمريكية فيدرالية مختصة بشؤون جمع المعلومات المرسلة عن طريق أنظمة الاتصالات المختلفة، وتحليلها بواسطة تقنية متقدمة. أنشأت في 4 نوفمبر، 1954 بغرض جمع المعلومات عن الاتصالات الدولية وتحليلها. ومقرها الرئيسي في فورت ميادي بولاية ماريلاند الأمريكية.

وكالة الأمن القومي
National Security Agency

استعراض الوكالة
تشكلت	4 نوفمبر، 1952
agency السابقة	وكالة أمن القوات المسلحة
الاختصاص	الولايات المتحدة
المقر الرئيسي	فورت ميد، ماريلاند
الموظفون	التصنيف
الميزانية السنوية	التصنيف
تنفيذي الوكالةs	Lieutenant General Keith B. Alexander, USA, Director John C. Inglis, Deputy Director
الوكالة الأم	United States Department of Defense

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 التنظيم

 الدور

Cray X-MP/24 (ser. no. 115) supercomputer on display at the National Cryptologic Museum.

 المرافق

NSA headquarters in Fort Meade, Maryland, known locally as "The Building"

 الشارات

شارة وكالة الأمن القومي.

 التأثير على ترميز المنظمات غير الحكومية

 Data Encryption Standard (DES)

المقالة الرئيسية: Data Encryption Standard

 Clipper chip

المقالة الرئيسية: Clipper chip

 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

المقالة الرئيسية: Advanced Encryption Standard

 Dual EC DRBG random number generator

المقالة الرئيسية: Dual EC DRBG

 برامج وكالة الأمن القومي

 إتشـِلون

•  مقالة مفصلة: إتشـِلون

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 Domestic activity

 Wiretapping programs

 Domestic wiretapping under Richard Nixon

للمزيد من المعلومات: [[:Church Committee]]

 ThinThread wiretapping and data mining

المقالة الرئيسية: ThinThread

 Warrantless wiretaps under George W. Bush

المقالة الرئيسية: NSA warrantless surveillance controversy

 AT&T Internet monitoring

للمزيد من المعلومات: [[:Hepting v. AT&T, Mark Klein, NSA warrantless surveillance controversy]]

 In fiction

المقالة الرئيسية: NSA in fiction

 المديرون

• November 1952 – November 1956 Lt. Gen. Ralph J. Canine, USA
• November 1956 – November 1960 Lt. Gen. John A. Samford, USAF
• November 1960 – January 1962 V. Adm. Laurence H. Frost, USN
• January 1962 – June 1965 Lt. Gen. Gordon A. Blake, USAF
• June 1965 – August 1969 Lt. Gen. Marshall S. Carter, USA
• August 1969 – August 1972 V. Adm. Noel A. M. Gaylor, USN
• August 1972 – August 1973 Lt. Gen. Samuel C. Phillips, USAF
• August 1973 – July 1977 Lt. Gen. Lew Allen, Jr., USAF
• July 1977 – April 1981 V. Adm. Bobby Ray Inman, USN
• April 1981 – May 1985 Lt. Gen. Lincoln D. Faurer, USAF
• May 1985 – August 1988 Lt. Gen. William E. Odom, USA
• August 1988 – May 1992 V. Adm. William O. Studeman, USN
• May 1992 – February 1996 V. Adm. John M. McConnell, USN
• February 1996 – March 1999 Lt. Gen. Kenneth A. Minihan, USAF
• March 1999 – April 2005 Lt. Gen. Michael V. Hayden, USAF
• April 2005 – present Lt. Gen. Keith B. Alexander, USA

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 مشاهير محللو الشفرات

• Lambros D. Callimahos
• Agnes Meyer Driscoll
• William F. Friedman
• Solomon Kullback
• Robert Morris
• Frank Rowlett
• Abraham Sinkov
• Louis W. Tordella
• Herbert Yardley

 نظام تحليل الشفرات في وكالة الأمن القومي

المقالة الرئيسية: أنظمة تحليل الشفرات في وكالة الأمن القومي

STU-III secure telephones on display at the National Cryptologic Museum

NSA is responsible for the encryption-related components in these systems:

• EKMS Electronic Key Management System
• FNBDT Future Narrow Band Digital Terminal
• Fortezza encryption based on portable crypto token in PC Card format
• KL-7 ADONIS off-line rotor encryption machine (post-WW II to 1980s)
• KW-26 ROMULUS electronic in-line teletype encryptor (1960s-1980s)
• KW-37 JASON fleet broadcast encryptor (1960s-1990s)
• KY-57 VINSON tactical radio voice encryptor
• KG-84 Dedicated Data Encryption/Decryption
• SINCGARS tactical radio with cryptographically controlled frequency hopping
• STE secure terminal equipment
• STU-III secure telephone unit, currently being phased out by the STE
• TACLANE product line by General Dynamics C4 Systems

NSA has specified Suite A and Suite B cryptographic algorithms to be used in U.S. government systems; the Suite B algorithms are a subset of those previously specified by NIST and are expected to serve for most information protection purposes, while the Suite A algorithms are secret and are intended for especially high levels of protection.

 Some past NSA SIGINT activities

• Gulf of Tonkin Incident
• Korean Air Lines Flight 007
• Operation Ivy Bells
• USS Liberty incident
• USS Pueblo (AGER-2)
• VENONA project

 انظر أيضا

• جيمس بامفورد
• Biometric Consortium
• مكتب المخابرات والبحث
• وكالة الاستخبارات المركزية
• خدمة الأمن المركزي
• Counterintelligence Field Activity
• Defence Signals Directorate
• Defense Intelligence Agency
• Diplomatic Security Service
• Espionage
• Federal Bureau of Investigation
• Federal law enforcement in the United States
• Government Communications Headquarters
• Martin and Mitchell Defection
• Narus
• National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
• National Reconnaissance Office
• National Security Whistleblowers Coalition
• NSA Hall of Honor
• Ronald Pelton
• Project SHAMROCK
• Q Group
• Security-Enhanced Linux
• Signals intelligence
• Skipjack (cipher)
• TEMPEST
• Type 1 product
• United States Department of Homeland Security
• John Anthony Walker

 حواسب الوكالة

• IBM 7950 Harvest
• FROSTBURG

 قراءات إضافية

• Bamford, James, Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency, Doubleday, 2001, ISBN 0-385-49907-8.
• Bamford, James, The Puzzle Palace, Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-006748-5.
• Hanyok, Robert J. (2002). Spartans in Darkness: American SIGINT and the Indochina War, 1945-1975. National Security Agency. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
• Johnson, Thomas R. (2008). American Cryptology during the Cold War. National Security Agency: Center for Cryptological History. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
• Levy, Steven, Crypto: How the Code Rebels Beat the Government—Saving Privacy in the Digital Age– discussion of the development of non-government cryptography, including many accounts of tussles with the NSA.
• Radden Keefe, Patrick, Chatter: Dispatches from the Secret World of Global Eavesdropping, Random House, ISBN 1-4000-6034-6.
• Liston, Robert A., The Pueblo Surrender: a Covert Action by the National Security Agency, ISBN 0-87131-554-8.
• Kahn, David, The Codebreakers, 1181 pp., ISBN 0-684-83130-9. Look for the 1967 rather than the 1996 edition.
• Tully, Andrew, The Super Spies: More Secret, More Powerful than the CIA, 1969, LC 71080912.
• Bamford, James, New York Times, December 25, 2005; The Agency That Could Be Big Brother. Nytimes.com
• Sam Adams, War of Numbers: An Intelligence Memoir Steerforth; New Ed edition (June 1, 1998)
• John Prados, The Soviet estimate: U.S. intelligence analysis & Russian military strength, hardcover, 367 pages, ISBN 0-385-27211-1, Dial Press (1982).
• Walter Laqueur, A World of secrets
• Sherman Kent, Strategic Intelligence for American Public Policy
• Matthew Aid, The Secret Sentry: The Untold History of the National Security Agency, 432 pages, ISBN 978-1596915152, Bloomsbury Press (June 9, 2009)

 وصلات خارجية

Wikinews has related news:

NSA to participate in U.S. cybersecurity

• NSA official site
• Records of the National Security Agency/Central Security Service
• History of NSA
• The NSA charter
• "The Origins of the National Security Agency, 1940-1952" —newly declassified book-length report provided by The Memory Hole.
• The National Security Archive at George Washington University
• "United States Intelligence Community: Who We Are / NSA section". Archived from the original on 2006-09-25.
• First person account of NSA interview and clearance January 2004
• James Bamford Big Brother Is Listening The Atlantic, April 2006
• James Bamford Inside the National Security Agency (Lecture) ACLU, KUOW-FM, PRX, NPR, February 24, 2007 (53: minutes)
• The Center for Intelligence and Security Studies trains new analysts in Intelligence Analysis