قائمة الملوك الإنگليز
- انظر أيضاً: List of English consorts.
This is a list of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England. The first ruler in Britain to adopt the title King of the English (Rex Anglorum in Latin) was Offa of Mercia in 774, though the continuous list of English monarchs traditionally begins with Egbert of Wessex in 829. The English kingdom was not permanently unified until 927, under Athelstan. Wales was annexed in 1536, and England underwent union with Scotland in 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Since that date the title King or Queen of England is incorrect, though has remained in wide usage to the present day.
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الملوك الإنگليز
بيت مرسيا
The first ruler to assume the title King of the English is sometimes said to be Offa in 774, who had been King of Mercia since 757, but this claim is based on charters forged in the 10th century.[1]
| العاهل | صورة | الميلاد | الزيجات | الوفاة |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offa (+OFFA•REX+) 774-796 |
 |
son of Thingfrith | Cynethryth 5 children |
26 or 29 July 796 |
بيت وسكس
The continuous list traditionally starts with Egbert, King of Wessex from 802, the first King of Wessex to have overlordship over much of England.[2] He defeated the Mercians and became Bretwalda in 829. Permanent unity was not achieved until 927, under Athelstan.
| العاهل | صورة | الميلاد | الزيجات | الوفاة |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egbert (Ecgberht) 829-839[3] |
 |
c.775[4] son of Ealhmund of Kent[3] |
Redburga 3 children[3] |
4 February 839 aged about 64[3] |
| Ethelwulf (Æþelwulf) 5 February 839-856 |
 |
Aachen son of Egbert and Redburga |
(1) Osburga 6 children (2) Judith of Flanders 1 October 853 no children |
13 January 858 62 or 63[5] |
| Ethelbald (Æþelbald) 856-860 |
 |
c.831 son of Ethelwulf and Osburga |
Judith of Flanders no children |
20 December 860 aged about 29[6] |
| Ethelbert (Æþelberht) 21 December 860-865 |
 |
c.835 son of Ethelwulf and Osburga |
unknown 2 children |
865 aged about 30[7] |
| Ethelred (Æþelræd) 865-871 |
 |
c.837 son of Ethelwulf and Osburga |
Wulfrida 868 2 children |
23 April 871 aged about 34[8] |
| Alfred the Great (Ælfræd) 24 April 871–899[9] |
 |
c.849 Wantage son of Ethelwulf and Osburga[10] |
Ealhswith Winchester 868 6 children[11] |
26 October 899 aged about 50[9] |
| Edward the Elder (Eadweard) 27 October 899–924[12] |
 |
c.871-877 son of Alfred the Great and Ealhswith[13] |
(1) Ecgwynn 893 3 children (2) Aelffaed c.902 10 children (3) Edgiva of Kent 905 4 children[14] |
17 July 924 Farndon, Cheshire aged about 50[12] |
| Elfward (Ælfweard) 18 July - 2 August 924 |
No image available |
c.902 son of Edward the Elder and Aelffaed |
unmarried | 2 August 924 aged about 22 |
| Athelstan the Glorious (Æþelstan) 3 August 924–939[15] |
 |
895 son of Edward the Elder and Ecgwynn[16] |
unmarried[15] | 27 October 939 aged about 44[15] |
| Edmund the Magnificent (Eadmund) 28 October 939–946[17] |
 |
c.921 son of Edward the Elder and Edgiva of Kent[17] |
(1) Elgiva 3 children (2) Æthelflæd of Damerham 944 no children[18] |
26 May 946 Pucklechurch aged about 25 (murdered)[17] |
| Edred (Eadred) 27 May 946–955[19] |
 |
c.923 son of Edward the Elder and Edgiva of Kent[20] |
unmarried[20] | 23 November 955 Frome aged about 32[21] |
| Edwy the Fair (Eadwig) 24 November 955–959[22] |
 |
c.940 son of Edmund the Magnificent and Elgiva[23] |
Elgiva[22] | 1 October 959 aged about 19[22] |
| Edgar the Peaceable (Eadgar) 2 October 959–975[24] |
 |
c.943 Wessex son of Edmund the Magnificent and Elgiva[25] |
(1) Ethelflaed c.960 1 son (2) Wulfthryh 1 daughter (3) Ælfthryth c.964[25] 2 sons |
8 July 975 Winchester aged about 32[26] |
| Saint Edward the Martyr (Eadweard) 9 July 975–978[27] |
 |
c.962 son of Edgar the Peaceable and Ethelflaed[28] |
unmarried | 18 March 978 Corfe Castle aged about 16 (assassinated)[27] |
| Ethelred the Unready (Æþelræd Unræd) 19 March 978–1016[29] |
 |
c.968 son of Edgar the Peaceable and Ælfthryth[30] |
(1) Ælflaed of Northumbria 4 children (2) Aelgifu 991 6 children (3) Emma of Normandy 1002 3 children[31] |
23 April 1016 لندن aged about 48[29] |
| Edmund Ironside (Eadmund) 24 April - 30 November 1016[32] |
 |
c.993 son of Ethelred the Unready and Ælflaed of Northumbria[32] |
Edith of East Anglia 2 children[33] |
30 November 1016 Glastonbury aged about 23[32][33] |
بيت دنمارك
England came under the rule of Danish kings following the reign of Ethelred the Unready. Some, though not all, of these were also kings of Denmark.
| العاهل | صورة | الميلاد | الزيجات | الوفاة |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweyn Forkbeard (Svend Tjugeskæg) 25 December[34] 1013–1014[35] |
 |
c.960 Denmark son of Harald Bluetooth and Gyrid Olafsdotti[36] |
(1) Gunhilda of Poland c.990 7 children (2) Sigrid the Haughty c.1000 1 daughter[36] |
3 February 1014 Gainsborough aged about 54[36] |
| Canute (Knud) 1 December 1016–1035[37] |
c.995 son of Sweyn Forkbeard[37] |
(1) Aelgifu of Northampton 2 children (2) Emma of Normandy 1017[37] |
12 November 1035 Shaftesbury aged about 40[37] | |
| Harold Harefoot (Harald) 13 November 1035–1040[38] |
 |
c.1016/7 son of Canute and Aelgifu of Northampton[38] |
Aelgifu 1 son[39] |
17 March 1040 Oxford aged about 23 or 24[38] |
| Harthacanute (Hardeknud) 18 June 1040–1042[40] |
1018 son of Canute and Emma of Normandy[39] |
unknown | 8 June 1042 Lambeth aged about 24[39] |
بيت وسكس (اُستـُعيد)
The old West Saxon line was restored, but Edward the Confessor, who was later canonised, was more Norman than English in his sympathies.
| العاهل | صورة | الميلاد | الزيجات | الوفاة |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saint Edward the Confessor (Eadweard) 9 June 1042–1066[41] |
 |
c.1005 Islip, Oxfordshire son of Ethelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy[41] |
Edith of Wessex 23 January 1045 no children[41] |
5 January 1066 Westminster Palace aged about 60[41] |
| Harold Godwinson (Harold Godwinesson) 6 January - 14 October 1066[41] |
 |
c.1020 son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex and Gytha Thorkelsdóttir[41] |
(1) Edith Swan-neck 6 children (2) Ealdgyth of Mercia |
14 October 1066 Hastings aged about 46 (died in battle)[41] |
| Edgar the Atheling (Eadgar Æþeling) 15 October - 17 December 1066[42] |
[1] | c.1053 Hungary son of Edward the Exile and Agatha[43] |
unmarried[43] | c.1125 aged about 72[42] |
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بيت نورماندي
It was only after the Norman Conquest of 1066 that monarchs took regnal numbers in the French fashion, though the earlier custom of distinguishing monarchs by nicknames did not die out immediately.
بيت Plantagenet
The early Plantagenets ruled many territories in فرنسا, and did not regard England as their primary home until after most of their French possessions were lost by King John. This long-lived dynasty is usually divided into three houses: the Angevins, the House of Lancaster, and the House of York.
Angevins
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بيت لانكاستر
| العاهل | صورة | الميلاد | الزيجات | الوفاة |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| هنري الرابع بولنبروك 30 سبتمبر 1399–1413[56] |
 |
3 أبريل 1366/7 قلعة بولنبروك ابن جون من گونت و بلانش من لنكاستر[56] |
(1) ماري دى بوهون قلعة أروندل 27 يوليو 1380 7 أنجال (2) جوانا من ناڤار |
20 مارس 1413 كنيسة وستمنستر عن عمر 45 أو 46[57] |
| هنري الخامس 20 مارس 1413–1422[56] |
 |
9 أغسطس 1387 قلعة مونموث ابن هنري الرابع وماري دى بوهون[56] |
كاترين من ڤالوا كاتدرائية ترويس 2 يونيو 1420 ابن واحد[56] |
31 أغسطس 1422 شاتو ڤانسان عن عمر 35[56] |
| هنري السادس 31 أغسطس 1422 - 4 مارس 1461 |
|
6 ديسمبر 1421 قلعة ونزر ابن هنري الخامس وكاترين من ڤالوا[58] |
مارگرت من أنجو أبرشية تتشفيلد 22 أبريل 1445 ابن واحد[58] |
21 مايو 1471 برج لندن عن عمر 49 (أغتيل)[58] |
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بيت يورك
| العاهل | صورة | الميلاد | الزيجات | الوفاة |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edward IV 4 March 1461 - 3 October 1470 |
|
28 April 1442 Rouen son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville[59] |
Elizabeth Woodville Grafton Regis 1 May 1464 10 children[59] |
9 April 1483 Westminster Palace aged 40[59] |
| Edward V 9 April–25 June 1483[60] |
 |
2 November 1470 Westminster son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville[60] |
unmarried | c. 1483 لندن aged about 12 (traditionally murdered)[61] |
| Richard III 26 June 1483–1485[62] |
 |
2 October 1452 Fotheringhay Castle son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville[63] |
Anne Neville كنيسة وستمنستر 12 July 1472 1 son[63] |
22 August 1485 Bosworth Field aged 32 (killed in battle)[63] |
بيت تيودور
The Tudors were of Welsh ancestry, and in 1536 Wales was fully incorporated into the English state (having been under English control since 1284). With Henry VIII's break from the Roman Catholic Church the monarch became the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Elizabeth I's title became the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
بيت ستوارت
Following the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 without issue, the Scottish king, James VI, succeeded to the English throne as James I in what became known as the Union of the Crowns. In 1604 he adopted the title King of Great Britain, although the two kingdoms remained separate.
| العاهل | صورة | الميلاد | الزيجات | الوفاة |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James I 24 March 1603–1625[69] |
 |
19 June 1566 Edinburgh Castle son of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Mary, Queen of Scots[69] |
Anne of Denmark Oslo 23 November 1589 7 children[69] |
27 March 1625 Theobalds House aged 58[69] |
| Charles I ("Saint Charles the Martyr") 27 March 1625–1649[70] |
 |
19 November 1600 Dunfermline Palace son of James I and Anne of Denmark[70] |
Henrietta Maria of France St Augustine's Abbey 13 June 1625 9 children[70] |
30 January 1649 Whitehall Palace aged 48 (executed)[70] |
الكومنويلث
There was no reigning monarch between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the Restoration of Charles II in 1660. Despite this, from 1653 the following individuals held power as Lords Protector, during the period known as the Protectorate.
| العاهل | صورة | الميلاد | الزيجات | الوفاة |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oliver Cromwell ("Old Ironsides") 16 December 1653–1658[71] |
 |
25 April 1599 Huntingdon[71] son of Robert Cromwell and Elizabeth Stewart[72] |
Elizabeth Bourchier St Giles[73] 22 August 1620 9 children[71] |
3 September 1658 Whitehall aged 59[71] |
| Richard Cromwell ("Tumbledown Dick") 3 September 1658 - 7 May 1659[74] |
 |
4 October 1626 Huntingdon son of Oliver Cromwell and Elizabeth Bourchier[74] |
Dorothy Maijor May 1649 0 children[74] |
12 July 1712 Cheshunt aged 85[75] |
بيت ستوارت (اُستـُعيد)
Although the monarchy was restored in 1660, no stable settlement proved possible until the Glorious Revolution of 1688, when parliament finally asserted the right to choose whomsoever it pleased as monarch.
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![[1]](http://www.hullwebs.co.uk/content/c-anglo-saxon/royals/Edga.jpg){kind=link}
![[2]](http://www.archontology.org/images/eng/henry_youngking.jpg){kind=link}
England and Scotland entered into legislative and governmental union on 1 May 1707 under the Acts of Union 1707, though retained separate legal systems and other attributes thereafter. For the continuation of this list, therefore, go to List of British monarchs.
الألقاب
The standard title for all monarchs from Alfred the Great until the time of King John was Rex Anglorum ("King of the English"). In addition, many of the pre-Norman kings assumed extra titles, as follows:
- Alfred the Great: Rex Angulsaxonum and Rex Anglorum et Saxonum
- Athelstan: Rex Anglorum per omnipatrantis dexteram totius Bryttaniæ regni solio sublimatus
- Edmund the Magnificent: Rex Britanniae and Rex Anglorum caeterarumque gentium gobernator et rector
- Edred: Regis qui regimina regnorum Angulsaxna, Norþhymbra, Paganorum, Brettonumque
- Edwy the Fair: Rex nutu Dei Angulsæxna et Northanhumbrorum imperator paganorum gubernator Breotonumque propugnator
- Edgar the Peaceable: Totius Albionis finitimorumque regum basileus
- Canute: Rex Anglorum totiusque Brittannice orbis gubernator et rector and Brytannie totius Anglorum monarchus
In the Norman period Rex Anglorum remained standard, with occasional use of Rex Anglie ("King of England"). Matilda styled herself Domina Anglorum ("Lady of the English"). From the time of King John onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of Rex Anglie, or Regina Anglie ("Queen of England") if female. In 1604 James I, who had inherited the English throne the previous year, adopted the title (now usually rendered in English rather than Latin) King of Great Britain. The English and Scottish parliaments, however, did not recognise this title until the Acts of Union of 1707 under Queen Anne (who was of course Queen of Great Britain rather than king).[82]
هامش
- ^ Keynes, Simon (1999), "Offa", in Lapidge, Michael, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England, Oxford, pp. 301-341, ISBN 0-631-22492-0 "The notion that Offa claimed to be 'king of the English', or 'king of the whole country of England', has been shown to depend, however, on charters forged in the tenth century. In his own day he was 'king of the Mercians', and proud enough to be so." (p. 341) Wormald, Patrick (1982), "The Age of Offa and Alcuin", in Campbell, James, The Anglo-Saxons, London: Phaidon, pp. 101-128, ISBN 0-14-0143950-5 "Charlemagne, moreover, saw England as if it were ruled by two kings only; Aethelred ruling Northumbria, and Offa everything to the south." (p. 101)
- ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "thePeerage.com - Æthelbald, King of Wessex and others". Retrieved 2007-10-24.
- ^ "King Egbert". Retrieved 2007-10-24.
- ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
- ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
- ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
- ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
- ^ أ ب Alfred (the Great) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 15 March 2007.
- ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: Alfred the Great. URL last accessed 14 March 2007.
- ^ Alfred the Great. URL last accessed 14 March 2007.
- ^ أ ب EADWEARD (Edward the Elder) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed on 15 March 2007.
- ^ There are various references listing Edward the Elder's birth as sometime in the 870s, being the second child of a marriage of 868. There are no sources listing his birth as after 877. Anglo-Saxons.net : Edward the Elder. URL last accessed on 15 March 2007.
- ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward the Elder. URL last accessed on 21 January 2007.
- ^ أ ب ت Aethelstan @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 15 March 2007.
- ^ EBK: Aethelstan, King of the English. URL last accessed 15 March 2007.
- ^ أ ب ت EADMUND (Edmund) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
- ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edmund the Elder. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
- ^ EADRED (Edred) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
- ^ أ ب EBK: Edred, King of England. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
- ^ BritRoyals - King Edred. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
- ^ أ ب ت EADWIG (Edwy) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
- ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: Edwy. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
- ^ EADGAR (Edgar the Peacemaker) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
- ^ أ ب EBK: Edgar the Peacemaker, King of England. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
- ^ The Atheling. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
- ^ أ ب EADWEARD (Edward the Martyr) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
- ^ EBK: Edward the Martyr, King of England. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
- ^ أ ب Ethelred the Unready was forced to go into exile in the summer of 1013, following Danish attacks, but was invited back following Sweyn Forkbeard's death. AETHELRED (the Unready) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
- ^ Schoolnet Spartacus: Ethelred. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
- ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Ethelred II, the Redeless. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
- ^ أ ب ت EADMUND (Edmund the Ironside) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
- ^ أ ب English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edmund Ironside. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
- ^ "English Monarchs". Retrieved 2007-10-27.
- ^ "Sweyn (Forkbeard) - Archontology.org". Retrieved 2007-10-27.
- ^ أ ب ت "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10242". Retrieved 2007-10-27.
- ^ أ ب ت ث CNUT (Canute) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
- ^ أ ب ت Harold was only recognised as king north of the River Thames until 1037, after which he was recognised as king of all England. "Harold (Harefoot) - Archontology.org". Retrieved 2007-10-27.
- ^ أ ب ت "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10220". Retrieved 2007-10-27.
- ^ "Harthacnut - Archontology.org". Retrieved 2007-10-28.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10218". Retrieved 2007-10-26.
- ^ أ ب After reigning for approximately 9 weeks, Edgar the Atheling submitted to William the Conqueror, who had gained control of the the area to the south and immediate west of London. "Eadgar (the Ætheling) - Archontology.org". Retrieved 2007-10-26.
- ^ أ ب "thePeerage.com - Person Page 9". Retrieved 2007-10-26.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10203". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10204". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ "STEPHEN (of Blois) - Archontology.org". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت Matilda ruled at the same time as Stephen, but her reign was disputed. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10204". Retrieved 2007-10-27.
- ^ "MATILDA (the Empress) - Archontology.org". Retrieved 2007-10-27.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10202". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10201". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10193". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10191". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث Edward II was officially deposed by Parliament on 25 January 1327, having been imprisoned on 16 November 1326. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10094". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10188". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث Richard II was deposed, and became a prisoner of Henry Bolingbroke, who usurped the throne from the prior claims of the issue of his father John of Gaunt. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10206". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10187". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ "HENRY IV - Archontology.org". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث إدوارد الرابع اغتصب العرش في 1461 بعد سنوات من الحرب الأهلية. هنري السادس أعيد للحكم لخمسة أشهر في 1470 قبل خلعه مرة أخرى نهائياً. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10186". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث Edward was briefly deposed during his reign by Henry VI. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10164". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب Edward V was deposed by Richard III, who usurped the throne on the grounds that Edward was illegitimate. "EDWARD V - Archontology.org". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10165". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ "RICHARD III - Archontology.org". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10163". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10142". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10148". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10150". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت Jane was deposed in favour of Mary Tudor. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10152". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ "Lady Jane Grey: Marriage". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10137". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10138". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Oliver Cromwell 1599-1658". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ "Oliver Cromwell - Faq 1". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ "New Page 1". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت "Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1626-1712". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ "CROMWELL, Richard - Archontology.org". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10139". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10136". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10141". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ "WILLIAM III - Archontology.org". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ "Anne (England) - Archontology.org". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ أ ب ت "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10134". Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ After the personal union of the three crowns, James was the first to style himself King of Great Britain, but the title was rejected by the English Parliament and had no basis in law. The Parliament of Scotland also opposed it. Croft, p67; Wilson, pp249-252. See also the early history of the Union Flag.
انظر أيضاً
- List of British monarchs
- List of monarchs in the British Isles
- List of Scottish monarchs
- Line of succession to the British Throne (a list of people)
- Succession to the British throne (historical overview and current rules)
- Alternate successions of the English crown
- List of monarchs of the British Isles by cause of death
- Demise of the Crown
- Mnemonic verse of monarchs in England