1328
Year 1328 (MCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
- 17 يناير - Louis IV، "the Bavarian", is crowned Holy Roman Emperor at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Because of conflict with the Avignon Papacy, the ceremony is carried out by a senator and three Italian bishops.[1]
- January 24 - Philippa of Hainault marries King Edward III of England a year after his coronation.[2] The marriage produces ten children, the eldest of whom is Edward the Black Prince.
- 1 مايو - Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton: England recognises Scotland as an independent nation, after the Wars of Scottish Independence.[3]
- 12 مايو - Antipope Nicholas V is consecrated at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice.[4]
- 26 مايو - William of Ockham secretly leaves Avignon، under threat from Pope John XXII.[5]
- May 29 - King Philip VI of France is crowned, founding the House of Valois، after the death of King Charles IV of France، who has no sons to inherit.[6]
- 23 أغسطس - معركة كاسل: French troops stop an uprising of Flemish farmers.[7]
- Undated - The Augustiner-Bräu is first recorded as the brewery of an Augustinian monastery at Munich.[8]
شرق أوروبا
- أوزبك خان، حاكم القبيل الذهبي، يجرد ألكسندر ميخائيلوڤتش من إمارة ڤلاديمير، ويمنحها بشكل مشترك لكل من Ivan I Danilovich من موسكو و Alexander Vasilyevich من سوزدال.
آسيا
- الإمبراطور الصيني يسون تيمو خان من أسرة يوان المنغولية يتوفى بشكل مفاجئ في 15 أغسطس في العاصمة شانگدو. الجنرال المسلم واسع النفوذ دولت شاه أعلن ولي العهد ذا الثمانية أعوام أريگابا إمبراطوراً جديداً. إلا أن الوفاة المفاجئة للخان القديم أدت إلى ثورة في العشائر الحاكمة. They were dissatisfied that Yesun Timur Khan had concentrated all power in the hands of his favorites, especially the Muslim Dawlat Shah. Within a few days, El Temür, the city commandant of Dadu , staged a coup and demanded the elevation of Toqa Timur , a son of the former emperor Külüq Khan , to the new khan. Toqa Timur was welcomed warmly in Dadu later that August. Qoshila , another son of Külüq, also laid claim to the Chinese throne.
Arigaba's army campaigns against Dadu but suffers a crushing defeat at the hands of El Temür's troops. Following this, General Örüg Temür lays siege to Shangdu and captures the city for the new Khan, Toqa Timur. Dawlat Shah is executed after the surrender; the fate of the young Khan Arigaba remains unknown. Meanwhile, Qoshila advances on Karakorum .
مواليد
- April 1 - Blanche of France, Duchess of Orléans (ت. 1393)
- May 7 - Louis VI the Roman، Duke of Bavaria and Elector of Brandenburg (ت. 1365)
- June 25 - William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury، English military leader (ت. 1397)
- September 29 - Joan of Kent، princess of Wales, spouse of Edward the Black Prince (ت. 1385)
- October 9 - King Peter I of Cyprus (ت. 1369)
- October 21 - Hongwu Emperor of China (ت. 1398)
- November 11 - Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March، English military leader (ت. 1360)
- November 25 - Antipope Benedict XIII، born Pedro Martínez de Luna (ت. 1423)
- date unknown
- Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas ("Archibald the Grim", "Black Archibald"), Scottish magnate and warrior (ت. 1400)
- Emperor Go-Murakami of Japan (ت. 1368)
وفيات
- February 1 - King Charles IV of France (و. 1294)[9]
- August 15 - Yesün Temür، emperor of the Yuan dynasty (و. 1293)
- August 23 - Nicolaas Zannekin، Flemish peasant leader (in the battle of Cassel)[10]
- 25 سبتمبر - ابن تيمية، Islamic scholar and philosopher of Harran (و. 1263)[11]
- October 12 (or 13) - Clementia of Hungary، Queen consort of France and Navarre (و. 1293)[12]
- November 16 - Prince Hisaaki، Japanese shōgun (و. 1276)
- date unknown
- Meister Eckhart، German theologian (و. 1260)
- Andronikos Angelos Palaiologos، Byzantine nobleman and governor (و. ca. 1282)
المراجع
- ^ Bernd Schneidmüller. "Wir sind Kaiser – Ludwig IV. zwischen Gott und den Fürsten" (PDF). Uni Heidelberg. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
- ^ Putnam, George P.; Perkins, F. B., eds. (1878). "Queens of England". The World's Progress: A Dictionary of Dates. G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 555.
- ^ FlikeNoir (2020-04-18). "Chapter III; King Robert the Bruce, 1314-1329, 15 years, pp.26-32". Random Scottish History (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). Retrieved 2024-01-07.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh، ed. (1911). "Nicholas s.v. Nicholas V. (Pietro Rainalducci)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 651.
- ^ Olson, Roger E. (1999). The Story of Christian Theology, p. 350. ISBN 0-8308-1505-8
- ^ Curry, Anne (2003). The Hundred Years' War. New York: Routledge. pp. 18.
- ^ Jan Frans Verbruggen (2002). The Battle of the Golden Spurs: (Courtrai, 11 July 1302) ; a Contribution to the History on Flanders' War of Liberation, 1297–1305. Boydell & Brewer. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-85115-888-4. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
- ^ "Historie". Augustiner-Bräu München. Retrieved 2019-04-13.
- ^ Robin Neillands (2001). The Hundred Years War. Psychology Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-415-26131-9.
- ^ TeBrake, William H. (1993). A Plague of Insurrection: Popular Politics and Peasant Revolt in Flanders, 1323-1328. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3241-0.
- ^ Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm Ibn Taymīyah (2009). Kitab Al-Iman: Book of Faith. The Other Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-967-5062-29-2.
- ^ Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011. Douglas Richardson. p. 126. ISBN 978-1-4610-4513-7.
الكلمات الدالة: