المعرفة

بيكرزفيلد، كاليفورنيا

(تم التحويل من بكرسفيلد، كاليفورنيا)
"Bakersfield" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة استخدامات أخرى، انظر Bakersfield (توضيح).

بيكرزفيلد Bakersfield هي مدينة في مقاطعة كرن، كاليفورنيا، بالولايات المتحدة. وهي مقر المقاطعة وأكبر مدينة في مقاطعة كرن. وتغطي المدينة مساحة 151 sq mi (390 km2)[9][10] بالقرب من الطرف الجنوبي لمنطقة وادي سان هواكين والوادي المركزي. تعداد بيكرزفيلد في تعداد 2020 403,455,[11] making it the 48th-most populous city in the United States of America and the 9th-most populous city in California. The Bakersfield–Delano Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Kern County, had a 2020 census population of 909,235,[8] making it the 62nd-largest metropolitan area in the United States.[12] The more built-up portion of the metro area that includes Bakersfield and areas immediately around the city, such as East Bakersfield, Oildale, and Rosedale, has a population of 523,994.

Bakersfield, California
City
City of Bakersfield
2009-0726-CA-Bakersfield-FoxTheater (cropped).jpg
2009-0726-CA-Bakersfield-ThePadre (cropped) (cropped).jpg
Beale Memorial Clock Tower Exterior (cropped).jpg
Front entrance to Bakersfield Californian Building.JPG
Kern County Chamber of Commerce Building South Entrance (cropped).jpg
2008-0621-Bakersfield-pan (cropped).JPG
Top: Fox Theater, Padre Hotel; Middle: Beale Memorial Clock Tower, Bakersfield Californian Building, Kern County Museum; Bottom: aerial view of central Bakersfield
علم Bakersfield, California
Flag
الختم الرسمي لـ Bakersfield, California
Seal
الكنية: 
"Nashville West"[1]
Location of Bakersfield in Kern County, California
Location of Bakersfield in Kern County, California
Bakersfield is located in كاليفورنيا
Bakersfield
Bakersfield
Location within California
Bakersfield is located in الولايات المتحدة
Bakersfield
Bakersfield
Location within the United States
Bakersfield is located in أمريكا الشمالية
Bakersfield
Bakersfield
Location within North America
الإحداثيات: 35°22′N 119°1′W / 35.367°N 119.017°W / 35.367; -119.017Coordinates: 35°22′N 119°1′W / 35.367°N 119.017°W / 35.367; -119.017
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountyKern
RegionSan Joaquin Valley
Incorporated1873–1876[2]
Re-incorporatedJanuary 11, 1898[3]
السمِيْThomas Baker
الحكومة
 • النوعCouncil-Manager
 • الكيانBakersfield City Council
 • MayorKaren K. Goh (R)[4]
 • Mayor Pro TemKen Weir (R)
 • City CouncilEric Arias (D)
Andrae Gonzales (D)
Bob Smith (I)
Bruce Freeman (R)
Patty Gray (R)
Chris Parlier (R)
 • City ManagerChristian Clegg[5]
المساحة
[6]
 • City151٫28 ميل² (391٫80 كم²)
 • البر149٫81 ميل² (388٫01 كم²)
 • الماء1٫46 ميل² (3٫79 كم²)
المنسوب
[7]
404 ft (123 m)
التعداد
 (2020)
 • City403٬455
 • الترتيب48th in the United States
9th in California
 • الكثافة2٬700/sq mi (1٬000/km2)
 • العمرانية
[8]
909٬235 (62nd)
صفة المواطنBakersfieldian
منطقة التوقيتUTC−8 (Pacific)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP codes
93220, 93301–93309, 93311–93314, 93380–93390, 93399
Area code661
FIPS code06-03526
GNIS feature IDs1652668, 2409774
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.bakersfieldcity.us

Bakersfield is a significant hub for both agriculture and energy production. Kern County is the most productive oil-producing county in California[13] and the fourth-most productive agricultural county (by value) in the United States.[14] Industries in and around Bakersfield include natural gas and other energy extraction, mining, petroleum refining, distribution, food processing, and corporate regional offices.[15] The city is the birthplace of the country music genre known as the Bakersfield sound.

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التاريخ

انظر أيضاً: Timeline of Bakersfield, California
 
Yowlumne territory at the time of the arrival of the Spanish

Archaeological evidence indicates the presence of Native American settlements dating back thousands of years.[16] Upon Spanish arrival, present-day Bakersfield was inhabited by the Yowlumne, a Yokuts people.[17] Yowlumne accounts indicate that the village of Woilu was situated in the bounds of the present city.[18]

The Yokuts of the region lived in lodges[19] along the branches of the Kern River delta and hunted antelope, tule elk, deer, bear, fish, and game birds.

 
Spanish priest Francisco Garcés arrived in the Bakersfield area in 1776.

In 1776, Spanish missionary Francisco Garcés became the first European to explore the area. Recording his May 1 arrival to a Yokuts village along the Kern River, immediately northeast of present-Bakersfield, Garcés wrote,[18]

The people of the rancheria had a great feast over my arrival, and having regaled me well I reciprocated to them all with tobacco and glass beads, congratulating myself on seeing the people so affable and affectionate.

Given the remoteness and inaccessibility of the region, the Yokuts remained largely isolated from further contact until after the Mexican War of Independence, when Mexican settlers began to migrate to the area. Following the discovery of gold in California in 1848, settlers flooded into the San Joaquin Valley. In 1851, gold was discovered along the Kern River in the southern Sierra Nevada, and in 1865, oil was discovered in the valley.[20] The Bakersfield area, once a tule reed-covered marshland, was first known as Kern Island to the handful of pioneers, who built log cabins there in 1860. The area was subject to periodic flooding from the Kern River, which occupied what is now the downtown area, and experienced outbreaks of malaria.[21]


التأسيس

In 1861, disastrous floods swept away the original settlement founded in 1860 by the German-born Christian Bohna.[22] Among those attracted to the area by the California gold rush was Thomas Baker, a lawyer and former colonel in the militia of Ohio, his home state.[22][23] Baker moved to the banks of the Kern River in 1863,[22] at what became known as Baker's Field, which became a stopover for travelers.[24] By 1870, with a population of 600, what is now known as Bakersfield was becoming the principal town in Kern County.[22]

الديمغرافيا

التعداد التاريخي
التعداد Pop. %±
1880801—
18902٬626227٫8%
19004٬83684٫2%
191012٬727163٫2%
192018٬63846٫4%
193026٬01539٫6%
194029٬25212٫4%
195034٬78418٫9%
196056٬84863٫4%
197069٬51522٫3%
1980105٬61151٫9%
1990174٬82065٫5%
2000247٬05741٫3%
2010347٬48340٫6%
2016 (تق.)376٬380[25]8٫3%
U.S. Decennial Census[26]
التركيب العرقي 2010[27] 1990[28] 1970[28] 1940[28]
White 56.8% 72.7% 83.6% 94.6%
—Non-Hispanic 37.8% 65.9% 70.8%[29] n/a
Black or African American 8.1% 9.4% 13.3% 3.5%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 45.5% 20.5% 10.9%[29] n/a
Asian 6.2% 3.6% 1.1% −
 
خريطة التوزيع العرقي في بيكرزفيلد، 2010 U.S. Census. كل نقطة هي 25 شخص: البيض, السود, الآسيويون, الهسبانك or غيرهم (أصفر)


الجغرافيا

 
Truxtun Tower, also referred to as the Bank of America Building, is the tallest in downtown and the second-tallest building in Bakersfield.

Bakersfield lies near the southern "horseshoe" end of the San Joaquin Valley, with the southern tip of the Sierra Nevada just to the east. The city limits extend to the Sequoia National Forest, at the foot of the Greenhorn Mountain Range and at the entrance to the Kern Canyon.[30] To the south, the Tehachapi Mountains, rising more than a vertical mile, feature the historic Tejon Ranch. To the west is the Temblor Range, behind which is the Carrizo Plain National Monument and the San Andreas Fault. The Temblor Range is about 35 mi (56 km) from Bakersfield across the valley floor.[31]

المناخ

بيانات مناخ بيكرزفيلد، كاليفورنيا (المعتادة 1981–2010)
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى القياسية °ف (°س) 82
(27.8) 		88
(31.1) 		94
(34.4) 		101
(38.3) 		110
(43.3) 		114
(45.6) 		118
(47.8) 		117
(47.2) 		112
(44.4) 		104
(40) 		95
(35) 		87
(30.6) 		118
(47٫8)
العظمى المتوسطة °ف (°س) 56.2
(13.44) 		62.8
(17.11) 		68.7
(20.39) 		75.0
(23.89) 		83.5
(28.61) 		90.9
(32.72) 		97.1
(36.17) 		95.8
(35.44) 		90.0
(32.22) 		79.4
(26.33) 		65.7
(18.72) 		56.6
(13.67) 		76٫8
(24٫89)
المتوسط اليومي °ف (°س) 47.8
(8.78) 		52.6
(11.44) 		57.6
(14.22) 		62.6
(17) 		70.5
(21.39) 		77.5
(25.28) 		83.8
(28.78) 		82.4
(28) 		77.0
(25) 		67.2
(19.56) 		55.1
(12.83) 		47.8
(8.78) 		65٫1
(18٫39)
الصغرى المتوسطة °ف (°س) 39.3
(4.06) 		42.4
(5.78) 		46.5
(8.06) 		50.2
(10.11) 		57.5
(14.17) 		64.2
(17.89) 		70.5
(21.39) 		69.0
(20.56) 		64.0
(17.78) 		55.0
(12.78) 		44.6
(7) 		39.0
(3.89) 		53٫5
(11٫94)
الصغرى القياسية °ف (°س) 12
(-11.1) 		20
(-6.7) 		20
(-6.7) 		28
(-2.2) 		34
(1.1) 		38
(3.3) 		45
(7.2) 		44
(6.7) 		30
(-1.1) 		29
(-1.7) 		22
(-5.6) 		13
(-10.6) 		12
(−11٫1)
هطول inches (mm) 1.15
(29.2) 		1.23
(31.2) 		1.21
(30.7) 		.52
(13.2) 		.18
(4.6) 		.08
(2) 		0
(0) 		.04
(1) 		.08
(2) 		.30
(8) 		.64
(16.3) 		1.02
(25.9) 		6٫45
(163٫8)
سقوط الثلج inches (cm) 0.1
(0.3) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0٫1
(0٫3)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 6.7 7.1 6.5 3.7 1.7 .5 .1 .3 1.0 1.8 3.9 5.9 39٫2
Source: NOAA (extremes 1893–present)[32]


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المدن الشقيقة

Bakersfield لها ست مدن شقيقة، حسب توصيف المدن الشقيقة الدولية: [33]

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ Rachel Rubin; Jeffrey Paul Melnick (يونيو 2001). American Popular Music: New Approaches to the Twentieth Century. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 94. ISBN 978-1-55849-268-4.
  2. ^ Richards, Patrick (1984). Heart of the Golden Empire – An Illustrated History of Bakersfield. Woodland Hills, California: Windsor Publications, Inc. pp. 45, 51. ISBN 978-0-89781-065-4.
  3. ^ "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on November 3, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  4. ^ "Mayor's Office". City of Bakersfield. City of Bakersfield. Retrieved أكتوبر 15, 2015.
  5. ^ "City Manager's Office". City of Bakersfield. City of Bakersfield. Archived from the original on نوفمبر 9, 2017. Retrieved أكتوبر 15, 2015.
  6. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved أكتوبر 30, 2021.
  7. ^ "Bakersfield". نظام معلومات الأسماء الجغرافية، المسح الجيولوجي الأمريكي.
  8. ^ أ ب "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved أغسطس 22, 2021.
  9. ^ قالب:Cite US Gazetteer
  10. ^ "City of Bakersfield – Community Profile". bakersfieldcity.us. Archived from the original on أبريل 1, 2019. Retrieved مارس 31, 2019.
  11. ^ "QuickFacts: Bakersfield city, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved سبتمبر 13, 2021.
  12. ^ "Bakersfield California Home Inspectors". BakersfieldHomeInspector.biz. 2009.
  13. ^ Bakersfield – Oil Capital of California. San Joaquin Valley Geology. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  14. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة BAKERSFIELD_INFO_STATISTICS
  15. ^ Community Profile Archived يونيو 30, 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Greater Bakersfield Chamber of Commerce. Page 4. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  16. ^ Yokuts History and Cultural Relations from everyculture.com
  17. ^ Kroeber, Alfred L. (1963). "Yokuts Dialect Survey". University of California Anthropological Records. 11: 234.
  18. ^ أ ب Arkush, Brooke S. (1993). "Yokuts Trade Networks and Native Culture Change in Central and Eastern California". Ethnohistory. 40 (4): 619–640. doi:10.2307/482590. ISSN 0014-1801. JSTOR 482590.
  19. ^ Yokuts Dwellings from bsahighadventure.org
  20. ^ "History on gold & oil". oceanpark.ws. 2009.
  21. ^ "Full text of "California water"". CONTROLLING THE KERN RIVER Problems. 1979. Retrieved أبريل 7, 2009.
  22. ^ أ ب ت ث Mildred Brooke Hoover, Douglas E. Kyle (1990). Historic Spots in California. Stanford University Press. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-8047-1734-2.
  23. ^ Lull, Gordon F. "Kern County Shapers". Bakersfield Magazine. Archived from the original on نوفمبر 15, 2011. Retrieved يناير 17, 2013. Baker ...was admitted to the Ohio bar at age 19 and later appointed a colonel in his home state's militia.
  24. ^ Gavin, Camille. Leverett, Kathy. Kern's Movers & Shakers. Jostens. Visalia, California: 1987. ISBN 0-9618770-0-6. Page 13.
  25. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved يونيو 9, 2017.
  26. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ "Bakersfield (city), California". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on أغسطس 16, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ أ ب ت خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة pop
  29. ^ أ ب From 15% sample
  30. ^ "Bakersfield Geography". source. 2010. Archived from the original on أكتوبر 11, 2010.
  31. ^ "The San Andreas Fault". USGS General Interest Publications. 2010.
  32. ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved يونيو 30, 2013.
  33. ^ "Bakersfield Sister City Project Corporation | People Helping People". bakersfieldsistercity.org (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved يونيو 25, 2018.
  34. ^ أ ب "Data Visualizations – Asia – Sister Partnerships – Asia – Asia Matters for America".
  35. ^ Partisan District of Minsk, Belarus. Bakersfield Sister City Project. Copyright 2009–2010. Accessed: September 9, 2011.
  36. ^ "Northern and Central California Sister Cities in Japan".

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