685
| القرون: | قرن 6 · قرن 7 · قرن 8 |
| العقود: | ع650 ع660 ع670 ع680 ع690 ع700 ع710 |
| السنوات: | 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 1 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 6 – القرن 7 – القرن 8 |
| عقود: | عقد 650 عقد 660 عقد 670 – عقد 680 – عقد 690 عقد 700 عقد 710 |
| سنين: | 682 683 684 – 685 – 686 687 688 |
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| 685 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| تأسيسات – انحلالات | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 685 DCLXXXV |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1438 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 134 ԹՎ ՃԼԴ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5435 |
| التقويم البهائي | −1159 – −1158 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 92 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 1635 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | N/A |
| التقويم البوذي | 1229 |
| التقويم البورمي | 47 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6193–6194 |
| التقويم الصيني | 甲申年 (الخشب القرد) 3381 أو 3321 — إلى — 乙酉年 (الخشب الديك) 3382 أو 3322 |
| التقويم القبطي | 401–402 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 1851 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 677–678 |
| التقويم العبري | 4445–4446 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 741–742 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 607–608 |
| - كالي يوگا | 3786–3787 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 10685 |
| تقويم الإگبو | −315 – −314 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 63–64 |
| التقويم الهجري | 65–66 |
| التقويم الياباني | N/A |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 685 DCLXXXV |
| التقويم الكوري | 3018 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 1227 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前1227年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1228 |
Year 685 (DCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 685 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
أحداث
حسب المكان
الإمبراطورية البيزنطية
- July 10 – Emperor Constantine IV dies of dysentery at Constantinople after a 17-year reign, and is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Justinian II.[1]
أوروبا
- Kuber, brother of Asparukh of Bulgaria, defeats the Avars in Syrmia (Pannonia). He leads his followers of around 70,000 people to Macedonia (modern North Macedonia).
بريطانيا
- May 20 – Battle of Dun Nechtain: The Picts under King Bridei III revolt against their Northumbrian overlords. Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, advises King Ecgfrith of Northumbria (Bridei's cousin) not to invade Pictland (modern Scotland). Undeterred, Ecgfrith marches his army north to engage the enemy near Dunnichen. The Picts, possibly with Scottish and Strathclyde Briton help, defeat the Saxon guard, killing Ecgfrith, who has reigned for 15 years, routing his army and forcing the Anglo-Saxons to withdraw south of the River Forth.
- King Centwine of Wessex dies after a 9-year reign and is succeeded by his distant cousin, Cædwalla, who manages to fully re-unite the sub-kingdoms of Wessex. He attacks Sussex with a large army, and kills King Æthelwealh in battle, in the South Downs (Hampshire).[2] He is expelled by Æthelwealh's ealdormen, Berthun and Andhun, who jointly rule the South Saxons. Cædwalla invades Kent, lays it waste, and carries off an immense booty.[3]
- Aldfrith, illegitimate half-brother of Ecgfrith, becomes (possibly with Irish and Scottish help) king of Northumbria. He is brought from Iona (Inner Hebrides), where he is studying for a career in the church.
- King Eadric revolts against his uncle Hlothhere, and defeats him in battle. He becomes sole ruler of Kent until his death in 686.
الدولة الأموية
 Region controlled by Abd al-Malik Region under the control of Mukhtar Regions under the control/influence of Ibn al-Zubayr مناطق يسيطر عليها الخوارج |
- معركة عين الوردة: An Umayyad army (20,000 men) under الحصين بن نمير defeats the pro-Alid Kufans at رأس العين (سوريا).
- 7 مايو - الخليفة مروان الأول يُتوفى في دمشق، ويخلفه ابنه عبد الملك بن مروان.
الصين
- Empress Wu Zetian sends a pair of giant pandas to the Japanese court of Emperor Tenmu, as a diplomatic gift (approximate date).
- Wu Zetian exiles her son Zhong Zong, former emperor of the Tang dynasty, and his family to the island of Fang Zhou.[4]
حسب الموضوع
الدين
- May 8 – Pope Benedict II dies at Rome after a reign of less than 11 months. He is succeeded by John V as the 82nd pope.
- John Maron is elected as the first patriarch in the Maronite Church (approximate date).
مواليد
- September 8 – Xuan Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (d. 762)
- Kul Tigin, general and prince of the Second Turkic Khaganate (d. 731)
- Leo III, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 741)
- Li Xianhui, princess of the Tang dynasty (d. 701)
- Miao Jinqing, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 765)
- Pelagius, king of Asturias (approximate date)
- Theodbert, duke of Bavaria (approximate date)
- Wu Daozi, Chinese painter (approximate date; d. 759 or 760)
وفيات
- February 6 – Hlothhere, king of Kent[5]
- May 8 – Benedict II, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 635)[6]
- May 20 – Ecgfrith, king of Northumbria
- July 10 – Constantine IV, Byzantine emperor (b. 652)
- Æthelwealh, king of Sussex
- Anania Shirakatsi, Armenian astronomer (b. 610)
- Beornhæth, Anglo-Saxon nobleman
- Berthun, king of Sussex (approximate date)
- Centwine, king of Wessex (approximate date)
- Liu Rengui, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 602)
المراجع
- ^ Kazhdan 1991, p. 1084.
- ^ Alec Hamilton-Barr. In Saxon Sussex. The Arundel Press, Bognor Regis, p. 21
- ^ A Chronicle of England (B.C. 55–A.D. 1485), by James. E. Doyle (1864). "The Saxons", p. 37
- ^ The Events of the Tang Dynasty: "Time line of the Tang Dynasty" (Tang Zhong Zong 684–685 A.D)
- ^ Cheney, Christopher Robert; Jones, Michael (6 April 2000). A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History (in الإنجليزية). Cambridge University Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-521-77845-9.
- ^ "Saint Benedict II | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 15 October 2021.
Sources
- Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich, ed. (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.