المعرفة

صرميا

(تم التحويل من Syrmia)
"صرم" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة المعاني الأخرى لكلمتي "صرميا" و"صرم"، انظر صرميا (توضيح).

صرميا (بالصربية: [Срем, Srem] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help); كرواتية: Srijem؛ إنگليزية: Syrmia) هي منطقة خصبة في السهل الپانوني في أوروپا، بين نهري الدانوب وساڤا. وتتقاسمها صربيا في الشرق وكرواتيا في الغرب.

خريطة منطقة صرميا
درع صرم، صربيا

Most of Syrmia is located in the Srem and South Bačka districts of Serbia's Autonomous Province of ڤويڤودينا. A smaller part of the region around Novi Beograd, Zemun, and Surčin belongs to the City of Belgrade. The westernmost part is in eastern Croatia in Vukovar-Srijem.

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الاسم

اليوم، الاسم Srijem is used in the standard Croatian language to designate the region, whereas both Srem (Cyrillic: Срем) و Srijem (بالسيريلية: Сријем) are used in the two standard varieties of Serbian. Other names for the region include:


التاريخ

 
خريطة ثقافة ڤوچيدول الهندو-أوروپية تمركزت في صرميا (3000-2400 ق.م.)

كانت صرميا جزءاً من الامبراطورية الرومانية، امبراطورية الهون، مملكة القوط الشرقيين، مملكة الگپد، دولة اللومبارد، الامبراطورية البيزنطية، خاقانية الآڤار، امبراطورية الفرنجة، الامبراطورية البلغارية، كرواتيا الپانونية، مملكة المجر، الدولة العثمانية، ملكية هابسبورگ، الامبراطورية النمساوية، النمسا-المجر، دولة السلوڤين، الكروات والصرب، مملكة صربيا، مملكة الصرب، الكروات والسلوڤين، مملكة يوغسلاڤيا، وجمهورية يوغسلاڤيا الاتحادية الاشتراكية which, upon advice from the Ðilas Commission, assigned the eastern part of the region to the Federated Republic of Serbia and the western part to the Federated Republic of Croatia in 1945. الجزء في أقصى غرب صرميا يقع في شرق كرواتيا في Vukovar-Srijem، بينما أغلبية صرميا هي جزء من جمهورية صربيا.[بحاجة لمصدر]

Between 3000 BC and 2400 BC, Syrmia was a core area of Indo-European Vučedol culture.[1]

The name Syrmia derives from the name of the ancient city of Sirmium, today Sremska Mitrovica. Sirmium was originally an Celtic or Illyrian town founded in 3rd century BC and conquered by Romans in the 1st century BC. Opposing Roman rule, Illyrian tribes from the region started an uprising in AD 6 lead by Baton and Pines. Sirmium was an important city in the Roman Empire. It was the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of four capital cities of the Empire. Ten Roman Emperors were born in this city or in its surroundings: Herennius Etruscus (227-251), Hostilian (230?-251), Decius Traian (249-251), Claudius II (268-270), Quintillus (270), Aurelian (270-275), Probus (276-282), Maximianus Herculius (285-310), Constantius II (337-361) and Gratian (367-383). These emperors were mostly Romanised Illyrians by origin. The Roman province Pannonia Secunda, which included Syrmia and parts of present day Slavonia and Bosnia was administered from Sirmium.


The name Syrmia derives from the name of the ancient city of Sirmium, today Sremska Mitrovica. Sirmium was originally an Celtic or Illyrian town founded in 3rd century BC and conquered by Romans in the 1st century BC. Opposing Roman rule, Illyrian tribes from the region started an uprising in AD 6 lead by Baton and Pines. Sirmium was an important city in the Roman Empire. It was the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of four capital cities of the Empire. Ten Roman Emperors were born in this city or in its surroundings: Herennius Etruscus (227-251), Hostilian (230?-251), Decius Traian (249-251), Claudius II (268-270), Quintillus (270), Aurelian (270-275), Probus (276-282), Maximianus Herculius (285-310), Constantius II (337-361) and Gratian (367-383). These emperors were mostly Romanised Illyrians by origin. The Roman province Pannonia Secunda, which included Syrmia and parts of present day Slavonia and Bosnia was administered from Sirmium.



 
Coat of arms of Syrmia county of Croatia-Slavonia (Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary)

On 29 October 1918, Syrmia became a part of the newly independent State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, while on 24 November, the Assembly of Syrmia proclaimed the unification of Serb-populated parts of Syrmia with the Kingdom of Serbia. From 1 December 1918, all of Syrmia was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

الديمغرافيا

المقالة الرئيسية: Demographic history of Syrmia
 
Serb soldier in Syrmia in 1742

According to the 2001 census in Croatia, the population of the Croatian Vukovar-Srijem county, numbering 204,768, is composed of:[2]

الجغرافيا

انظر أيضاً: Geography of Serbia, Geography of Croatia, and Geography of Vojvodina

الحدود

 
Srem District in Vojvodina.
 
Vukovar-Srijem county within Croatia.

Bordering regions

  • Bačka to the north, across Danube
  • Banat to the east, also across Danube
  • Šumadija the south-east, across Sava
  • Mačva to the south, across Sava
  • Semberija to the south-west, across Sava
  • Slavonia to the west. The border between Syrmia and Slavonia is unclear. According to one interpretation, it runs roughly along a line through Vukovar, Vinkovci, and Županja. According to another interpretation, the border follows the Bosut, Barica and Vuka rivers.

المدن

 
Map showing cities and towns in Serbian part of Syrmia.

List of cities in Syrmia (with population figures):

Petrovaradin, Sremska Kamenica, Sremski Karlovci and Beočin are geographically located in Syrmia, but they are part of South Bačka District.

البلديات

Municipalities in the Serbian part of Syrmia:

Note: Syrmian villages of Neštin and Vizić are part of the municipality of Bačka Palanka (main part of this municipality is not located in Syrmia but in Bačka), while several settlements that are part of the municipality of Sremska Mitrovica are not located in Syrmia but in Mačva.

Municipalities and villages in the Croatian part of Syrmia:


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الجبال

The region's principal mountain is Fruška Gora with its highest peak of Crveni Čot at 539 m.

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ Syrmia, vjesnik.hr; accessed 13 April 2015.
  2. ^ http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv/Popis%202001/popis20001.htm

Coordinates: 45°10′12″N 19°17′17″E / 45.170°N 19.288°E / 45.170; 19.288

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