1419

1419 حسب الموضوع
	الفنون والعلوم
	العمارة - الفن
	السياسة
	زعماء الدول - الدول ذات السيادة
	تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات
	المواليد - الوفيات
	تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات
	التأسيسات - الانحلالات
	الفن والأدب
	1419 في الشعر
	v; t; e;

ألفية:	الألفية 2
قرون:	القرن 14 – القرن 15 – القرن 16
عقود:	عقد 1380 عقد 1390 عقد 1400 – عقد 1410 – عقد 1420 عقد 1430 عقد 1440
سنين:	1416 1417 1418 – 1419 – 1420 1421 1422

القرون:	قرن 14 · قرن 15 · قرن 16
العقود:	ع1380 ع1390 ع1400 ع1410 ع1420 ع1430 ع1440
السنوات:	1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422

16 سبتمبر: "جون الجسور"، المتمرد البرجندي الذي سيطر مؤقتاً على پاريس، يُغتال.

1419 في التقاويم الأخرى
التقويم الگريگوري	1419 MCDXIX
آب أوربه كونديتا	2172
التقويم الأرمني	868 ԹՎ ՊԿԸ
التقويم الآشوري	6169
التقويم البهائي	−425 – −424
التقويم البنغالي	826
التقويم الأمازيغي	2369
سنة العهد الإنگليزي	6 Hen. 5 – 7 Hen. 5
التقويم البوذي	1963
التقويم البورمي	781
التقويم البيزنطي	6927–6928
التقويم الصيني	戊戌年 (التراب الكلب) 4115 أو 4055 — إلى — 己亥年 (التراب الخنزير) 4116 أو 4056
التقويم القبطي	1135–1136
التقويم الديسكوردي	2585
التقويم الإثيوپي	1411–1412
التقويم العبري	5179–5180
التقاويم الهندوسية
- ڤيكرام سامڤات	1475–1476
- شاكا سامڤات	1341–1342
- كالي يوگا	4520–4521
تقويم الهولوسين	11419
تقويم الإگبو	419–420
التقويم الإيراني	797–798
التقويم الهجري	821–822
التقويم الياباني	Ōei 26 (応永２６年)
تقويم جوچى	N/A
التقويم اليوليوسي	1419 MCDXIX
التقويم الكوري	3752
تقويم مينگوو	493 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前493年
التقويم الشمسي التايلندي	1962
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Year 1419 (MCDXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

أحداث

يناير-مارس

19 يناير - حرب المائة عام: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England، which brings Normandy under the control of England.^[1]
February 11 - في زرنج في أفغانستان الحالية، شمس الدين علي بن قطب الدين يصبح ملك سيستان إثر وفاة والده، قطب الدين محمد بن شمس الدين شاه علي.^[2]
13 فبراير - جامعة روستوك يؤسسها في ألمانيا Albert V, Duke of Mecklenburg following approval in a papal bull from Pope Martin V.
March 14 - Braccio da Montone is awarded Governorship of Bologna by Pope Martin V in recognition of his ouster of Antongaleazzo Bentivoglio.^[3]
19 مارس - (26 محرم 822 هـ) السلطان الملك الناصر من اليمن يقدِّم عدداً من الهدايا اليمنية إلى Chinese envoy to Aden لتأخذها إلى إمبراطور الصين Cheng Zu، after having received gifts from the Chinese in January.^[4]^[5]

أبريل-يونيو

April 25 - Representatives of the Swiss cantons of Lucerne، أوري and Unterwalden begin negotiations in Zurich with the Canton of Bern in an attempt to prevent the breakup of the Swiss Confederation. The negotiations soon fail.^[6]
May 10 - In Italy's Republic of Florence، the republic is elevated to the level of an archdioese by Pope Martin V, who spent 18 months in Florence after being elected by the Council of Constance. In recognition of the hospitality accorded to him, Pope Martin names Bishop Amerigo Corsini to be the first Archbishop of Florence.^[7]
May 14 - The Treaty of Torun ends the war between the Teutonic Knights and the Polish and Lithuanian Kingdom.^[8]
May 15 - Raron affair: In Switzerland, The representatives of Lucerne, Uri and Unterwalden leave Zurich and halt further discussion with Bern after failing to win any concessions.^[6]
May 29 - King Henry V of England is betrothed to Princess Catherine of Valois، the 17-year-old daughter of King Charles VI of France، in negotiations in the neutral site of Pontoise، north of Paris، during a halt to hostilities in the war between the two kingdoms. Henry and Catherine will marry a little more than a year later, on June 2, 1420.^[9]
June 20 - The Ōei Invasion of Tsushima Island، Japan on orders of King Sejong of Korea، begins as General Yi Jong-mu leads 227 ships and 17,285 soldiers to come ashore at Asō Bay.^[10]
June 26 - Ōei Invasion: A Japanese counterattack begins with 3,700 Korean invaders killed over the next six days.^[11]

يوليو-سبتمبر

1 يوليو - المستكشفون البرتغاليون João Gonçalves Zarco، Tristão Vaz Teixeira and Bartolomeu Perestrello، في خدمة الأمير هنري الملاح، يكتشفون جزيرة ماديرا، بعد سنة من اكتشاف زاركو وتريستاو جزيرة پورتو سانتو.^[12]
3 يوليو - The Ōei Invasion ends as the Korean soldiers withdraw from Tsushima and reassemble at Geoje Island.^[10]

30 يوليو: الرمي الأول من نوافذ براج

30 يوليو - الرمي الأول من نوافذ پراگ يحدث في مملكة بوهيميا when a mob led by Jan Želivský storms the Town Hall and kills several members of the town council by throwing them out of a window.^[13]
16 أغسطس - King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia dies of a heart attack at the age of 58, leading to the outbreak shortly thereafter of the Hussite Wars.
17 أغسطس - حصار سبتة: بعد معركة استمرت أربعة أيام، المدافعون البرتغاليون عن مدينة سبتة يتمكنون من صد محاولة المغرب استعادة المدينة.
24 أغسطس - King Henry V of England directs the members of the House of Commons and the House of Lords to assemble في وستمنستر بحلول 16 أكتوبر.
10 سبتمبر - جون الجسور، دوق برگندي يغتاله أتباع الدوفان (ولي العهد).

أكتوبر-ديسمبر

October 16 - The first session, in almost two years, of the English Parliament is opened by King Henry V. The House of Commons re-elects Roger Flower as its speaker.
November 7 - The Ottoman–Venetian peace treaty ends four years of conflict, by recognizing Venetian possessions in the Aegean and the Balkans.^[14]
November 13 - The 1419 session of the English Parliament closes after four weeks.
November 24 - The Timurid ruler of Persia، Mirza Shahrukh (r. 1404-1447), sends a large embassy to the court of Emperor Cheng Zu of China.^[15] The group arrives in China on 29 August 1420.^[15] One of the Persian envoys, Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh، keeps a diary of his travels throughout China, which soon becomes widely known throughout Iranian and the Turkic Middle East, thanks to its inclusion into historical works by Hafiz-i Abru، and Abdur Razzaq. Naqqash writes about China's wealthy economy and huge urban markets, its efficient courier system as compared to that in Persia, the hospitality of his hosts at the courier stations in providing comfortable lodging and food, and the fine luxurious goods and craftsmanship of the Chinese.^[15]
December 4 - Louis III of Anjou is invested by Pope Martin V as the new King of Sicily.

مجهولة التاريخ

Mihail I defends Wallachia against the Ottomans, with Hungarian help.
The final 41 treasure ships are built in the Nanjing shipyards for use in the expeditions of Zheng He.^[16]

مواليد

فبراير - أبو عمرو عثمان، الخليفة الحفصي على إفريقية (ت. 1488)
16 فبراير - John I, Duke of Cleves (ت. 1481)
24 مارس - Ginevra d'Este (ت. 1440)
June 24 - John of Sahagún، Spanish Augustinian friar, priest and saint (ت. 1479)
July 10 - Emperor Go-Hanazono of Japan (ت. 1471)
November 1 - Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (ت. 1485)
مجهولة التاريخ
- عبد الحق الثاني، آخر سلطان مريني على المغرب (ت. 1465)
- Barbara Fugger، German banker (ت. 1497)

وفيات

5 أبريل - Vincent Ferrer، Spanish missionary and saint (و. 1350)
August 16 - Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia، King of Bohemia since 1378 (و. 1361)
September 10 - John the Fearless، Duke of Burgundy (assassinated) (و. 1371)
December 17 - William Gascoigne، Chief Justice of England
December 22 - Antipope John XXIII
date unknown
- Je Tsongkhapa، founder of the Geluk school of Tibetan Buddhism (و. 1357)^[17]
- Stella de’ Tolomei، Italian courtier

المراجع

^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge (1911). "Henry V. of England" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 13 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 284–285. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
^ C.E. Bosworth, The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3) (Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1994)
^ Angelo Ascani (1965). Montone: La patria di Braccio Fortebracci. pp. 47–48.
^ Hikoichi Yajima (1974). A Facet of the Commercial Interactions in the Indian Ocean during the 15th Century: On the Visit of a Division from Zheng He's Expedition to Yemen.
^ Sen, Tansen (2016), The impact of Zheng He's expeditions on Indian Ocean interactions, p. 619
^ ^أ ^ب Zschokke, Heinrich and Emil (1855). The History of Switzerland, for the Swiss People. C. S. Francis & Company. pp. 78–81.
^ Cappelletti, Giuseppe (1861). Le chiese d'Italia dalla loro origine sino ai nostri giorni (in الإيطالية). Vol. Tomo decimosesto (16). Venice: G. Antonelli. p. 568..
^ Malcolm Vale, Henry V: The Conscience of a King (Yale University Press, 2016) p.270
^ Charlotte M. Yonge, Cameos From English History (Macmillan and Co., 1880) p.306
^ ^أ ^ب Annals of King Sejong Vol.4 June 20. National Institute of Korean History.
^ 看聞日記 (in اليابانية). National Museum of Japanese History. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
^ Jeronimo Dias Leite, Descobrimento da Ilha da Madeira e Discurso da Vida e Feitos Dos Capitães da dira Ilha (Discovery of the Island of Madeira and discourse on the life and deeds of the Captains of the said Island) (1579, reprinted by Coimbra, 1947, with introduction and notes by João Franco Machado)
^ Pichova, Hana (June 15, 2023). "Prague as the Site of Defenestration: On the Twentieth Anniversary of Bohumil Hrabal's Death". The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
^ Prince Stephen Lazarovich-Hrebelianovich and Eleanor Calhoun, Princess Lazarovich-Hrebelianovich, The Servian People: Their Past Glory and Their Destiny (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910) p.530
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت Abru, Hafiz (1970), A Persian Embassy to China, being an extract from Zubdatu't tawarikh of Hafiz Abru, New York: Paragon Book Reprint Corp., p. 6 . Translated by K.M. Maitra, with introduction by L. Carrington Goodrich.
^ Church, Sally K. (2005). "Zheng He: An Investigation into the Plausibility of 450-Ft Treasure Ships". Monumenta Serica. 53: 1–43. doi:10.1179/mon.2005.53.1.001. ISSN 0254-9948. JSTOR 40727457. S2CID 161434221.
^ Jinpa, Thupten (2019-11-12). Tsongkhapa: A Buddha in the Land of Snows (in الإنجليزية). Shambhala Publications. pp. 329–365. ISBN 978-1-61180-646-5.

[1] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge (1911). "Henry V. of England" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 13 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 284–285. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

[2] C.E. Bosworth, The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3) (Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1994)

[3] Angelo Ascani (1965). Montone: La patria di Braccio Fortebracci. pp. 47–48.

[4] Hikoichi Yajima (1974). A Facet of the Commercial Interactions in the Indian Ocean during the 15th Century: On the Visit of a Division from Zheng He's Expedition to Yemen.

[5] Sen, Tansen (2016), The impact of Zheng He's expeditions on Indian Ocean interactions, p. 619

[Zschokke-6] أ ^ب Zschokke, Heinrich and Emil (1855). The History of Switzerland, for the Swiss People. C. S. Francis & Company. pp. 78–81.

[7] Cappelletti, Giuseppe (1861). Le chiese d'Italia dalla loro origine sino ai nostri giorni (in الإيطالية). Vol. Tomo decimosesto (16). Venice: G. Antonelli. p. 568..

[8] Malcolm Vale, Henry V: The Conscience of a King (Yale University Press, 2016) p.270

[9] Charlotte M. Yonge, Cameos From English History (Macmillan and Co., 1880) p.306

[Sillok-10] أ ^ب Annals of King Sejong Vol.4 June 20. National Institute of Korean History.

[11] 看聞日記 (in اليابانية). National Museum of Japanese History. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.

[12] Jeronimo Dias Leite, Descobrimento da Ilha da Madeira e Discurso da Vida e Feitos Dos Capitães da dira Ilha (Discovery of the Island of Madeira and discourse on the life and deeds of the Captains of the said Island) (1579, reprinted by Coimbra, 1947, with introduction and notes by João Franco Machado)

[13] Pichova, Hana (June 15, 2023). "Prague as the Site of Defenestration: On the Twentieth Anniversary of Bohumil Hrabal's Death". The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

[14] Prince Stephen Lazarovich-Hrebelianovich and Eleanor Calhoun, Princess Lazarovich-Hrebelianovich, The Servian People: Their Past Glory and Their Destiny (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910) p.530

[Abru-15] أ ^ب ^ت Abru, Hafiz (1970), A Persian Embassy to China, being an extract from Zubdatu't tawarikh of Hafiz Abru, New York: Paragon Book Reprint Corp., p. 6 . Translated by K.M. Maitra, with introduction by L. Carrington Goodrich.

[16] Church, Sally K. (2005). "Zheng He: An Investigation into the Plausibility of 450-Ft Treasure Ships". Monumenta Serica. 53: 1–43. doi:10.1179/mon.2005.53.1.001. ISSN 0254-9948. JSTOR 40727457. S2CID 161434221.

[17] Jinpa, Thupten (2019-11-12). Tsongkhapa: A Buddha in the Land of Snows (in الإنجليزية). Shambhala Publications. pp. 329–365. ISBN 978-1-61180-646-5.

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القرون:	قرن 14 · قرن 15 · قرن 16
العقود:	ع1380 ع1390 ع1400 ع1410 ع1420 ع1430 ع1440
السنوات:	1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422