1427
| القرون: | قرن 14 · قرن 15 · قرن 16 |
| العقود: | ع1390 ع1400 ع1410 ع1420 ع1430 ع1440 ع1450 |
| السنوات: | 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 14 – القرن 15 – القرن 16 |
| عقود: | عقد 1390 عقد 1400 عقد 1410 – عقد 1420 – عقد 1430 عقد 1440 عقد 1450 |
| سنين: | 1424 1425 1426 – 1427 – 1428 1429 1430 |
| 1427 حسب الموضوع |
|---|
| الفنون والعلوم |
| العمارة - الفن |
| السياسة |
| زعماء الدول - الدول ذات السيادة |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات |
| المواليد - الوفيات |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات |
| التأسيسات - الانحلالات |
| الفن والأدب |
| 1427 في الشعر |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1427 MCDXXVII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2180 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 876 ԹՎ ՊՀԶ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6177 |
| التقويم البهائي | −417 – −416 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 834 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2377 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 5 Hen. 6 – 6 Hen. 6 |
| التقويم البوذي | 1971 |
| التقويم البورمي | 789 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6935–6936 |
| التقويم الصيني | 丙午年 (النار الحصان) 4123 أو 4063 — إلى — 丁未年 (النار الماعز) 4124 أو 4064 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1143–1144 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2593 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1419–1420 |
| التقويم العبري | 5187–5188 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1483–1484 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1349–1350 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4528–4529 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11427 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 427–428 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 805–806 |
| التقويم الهجري | 830–831 |
| التقويم الياباني | Ōei 34 (応永３４年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 1427 MCDXXVII |
| التقويم الكوري | 3760 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 485 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前485年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1970 |
Year 1427 (MCDXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
يناير-مارس
- January 16 - The papacy of Pope Gabriel V of Alexandria، leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church in Egypt, ends with his death after a reign of more than 17 years.
- January - Radu II of Wallachia resumes the throne of Wallachia for the fourth time, but a seven-year struggle for it ends in March when he is defeated in battle, and probably killed, by Dan II، who resumes the throne for a fifth term.
- February 23 - In Spain, the first tremors are felt in the Principality of Catalonia of what will become a devastating 6.7 magnitude earthquake that will happen less than a year later, on February 2, 1428.[1]
- March 29 - In Vietnam, the Ming dynasty China army invades a second time, bringing 120,000 reinforcement troops led by General Mu Sheng to crush the Lam Sơn uprising.[2]
أبريل-يونيو
- April 22 - In France, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset، is granted the control of the county of Mortain in Normandy by the Duke of Bedford، Regent for King Henry VI in France, as a reward for his military service during the war against the French.[3]
- May 11 (16 Pashons، 1143 AM) - At Alexandria، Farag El-Maksi is elected as the new Patriarch of the Coptic Orthodox Christians and takes the regnal name of Pope John XI.[4]
- June 7 - Pope Martin V orders the Roman Catholic bishops of Portro and Alba to work on driving the Fraticelli faction of the Franciscan Order from Italy.[5]
- June 16 - John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach ("the Alchemist", of the Hohenzollern family), signs a peace agreement with the dukes of the various Pomeranian duchies at the Brandenburg city of Templin، ending the latest Pomeranian-Brandenburg conflict.
- June 27 - John III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard، is released from imprisonment after swearing an oath of allegiance to John, Margrave of Brandenburg.
يوليو-سبتمبر
- July 15 - The Siege of Montargis is started in France by 1,000 Englishmen led by the Earl of Warwick and lasts for seven weeks.[6]
- July 19 - Stefan Lazarević، ruler of the Serbian Despotate، dies at Belgrade and is succeeded by his nephew, Đurađ Branković.[7]
- August 4 - Hussite Wars: Battle of Tachov - The Hussites decisively beat the crusader armies, ending the Fourth Anti-Hussite Crusade.
- August 17 - The first band of Gypsies visits Paris، according to an account of the citizens of Paris.
أكتوبر-ديسمبر
- September 5 - A French Army relief force of 1,600 soldiers, led by Jean de Dunois، ends the siege of Montargis by luring the English Army into a trap. The Montargis defenders open the city gates and the English are attacked from two sides, losing more than 1,000 men and all of their artillery.[6]
- September 29 - Lam Sơn uprising: China's General Liu Sheng arrives at China's border with Vietnam where a meeting is held with rebel leader Lê Lợi، who proposes settling the war by recognizing Tran Cao's rule as King of Đại Việt. The proposal is a pretext for Liu Sheng's army being lured into an ambush that soon follows, with 70,000 Chinese troops killed.[8]
- October 13 -
- Lincoln College، a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England, is founded by the Bishop of Lincoln.
- The English Parliament assembles at Westminster after being summoned on July 15 by England's Regency Council. John Tyrrell is elected as Speaker of the House of Commons.
- November 12 - To avoid further destruction of the Chinese army, General Wang Tong begins withdrawing troops from northern Vietnam's Jiaozhi region, having accepted a proposal by Vietnam without the approval of China's Xuande Emperor. The Emperor is informed of the proposal and agrees on November 20 to accept terms of peace.[9]
- December 29 - Victorious in the Lam Sơn uprising، Đại Việt (Vietnam) succeeds in forcing the withdrawal of Chinese troops from its territory as China's General Wang Tong and Vietnam's General Nguyễn Trãi agree to terms of disarmament and repatriation of 86,640 Ming Chinese prisoners in return for Chinese withdrawal.[10]
مجهولة التاريخ
- Minrekyansa becomes King of Ava (ancient Myanmar).
- The Conflict of Druimnacour occurs in Sutherland، Scotland.[11]
- The first witch hunts begin, in Switzerland.
- The Celestine Order is established in France.
- The Celebration of Sant Jordi (Saint George) begins in Catalonia (he will later become its patron saint).
- Bremen is expelled from the Hanseatic League.
- Diogo de Silves، الملاح البرتغالي، يكتشف سبع جزر من أرخبيل الأزور.
- Battle of the Echinades: A Byzantine fleet defeats the fleet of Carlo I Tocco.
- Itzcoatl becomes the 4th Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan، after his nephew Chimalpopoca is killed by the Maxtla، at Azcapotzalco.
- Bhaktapur Royal Palace in Nepal is built by King Yaksa Malla.
مواليد
- February 27 - Ruprecht، Archbishop of Cologne (ت. 1480)
- May 8 - John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester، Lord High Treasurer (ت. 1470)
- May 29 - Françoise d'Amboise، duchess consort of Brittany, co-founder of the first monastery of the Carmelites in France (ت. 1485)
- June 22 - Lucrezia Tornabuoni، Italian writer, adviser and spouse of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici (ت. 1482)
- September 9 - Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros، English politician (ت. 1464)
- October 26 - Archduke Sigismund of Austria (ت. 1496)
- November 24 - John Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (ت. 1473)
- November 29 - Zhengtong Emperor of China (ت. 1464)
- November 30 - Casimir IV Jagiellon، King of Poland (ت. 1492)
- date unknown - Shen Zhou، Chinese painter (ت. 1509)
وفيات
- April 17 - John IV, Duke of Brabant (و. 1403)[12]
- May 7 - Thomas la Warr, 5th Baron De La Warr، English churchman
- May 28 - Henry IV, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (و. 1397)
- July 19 - Stefan Lazarević، Despot of Serbia (و. 1377)[13]
- date unknown
- Chimalpopoca، Aztec Tlatoani (ruler) of Tenochtitlán (و. 1397)[14]
- Qu You، Chinese novelist (و. 1341)
- probable
- Jehuda Cresques، Catalan cartographer (و. 1350)
- Gentile da Fabriano، Italian painter
- Radu II Prasnaglava، ruler of Wallachia, probably killed in or after a lost battle
المراجع
- ^ Banda, E.; Correig, A. M. (1984), "The Catalan earthquake of February 2, 1428", Engineering Geology (Elsevier) 20 (1–2): 89–97, doi:, Bibcode: 1984EngGe..20...89B
- ^ Sun, Laichen (2006), "Chinese Gunpowder Technology and Đại Việt, ca. 1390–1497", Viet Nam: Borderless Histories, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 88–89, ISBN 978-1-316-44504-4
- ^ Cokayne, G. & White, G.H., eds. (1953). The Complete Peerage. Vol. 12 (2nd ed.). London: St. Catherine Press. p. 49.
- ^ Atiya, Aziz S., ed. (1991). "John XI". The Coptic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. Provided by Claremont Graduate University. New York City: Macmillan Publishers.
- ^ Matthew Mills, "Fraticelli", in The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 4th ed. (Oxford University Press, 2022).
- ^ أ ب Wagner, John A. (2006). Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 219. ISBN 978-0313327360.
- ^ Djokić, Dejan (2023). A Concise History of Serbia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 128–129. ISBN 9781107028388.
- ^ Dreyer, Edward L. (1982). Early Ming China: A Political History. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 228. ISBN 0-8047-1105-4.
- ^ Chan (1988), p. 290.
- ^ United States Air Force Academy (1998). WLA: War, Literature & the Arts. Department of English, United States Air Force Academy. p. 210.
- ^ The History of the Feuds and Conflicts Among the Clans in the Northern Parts of Scotland and in the Western Isles: from the year M.XX1 unto M.B.C.XIX, now first published from a manuscript wrote in the reign of King James VI. Foulis press, 1764.
- ^ Jean de Wavrin (1879). Recueil des croniques et anchiennes istories de la Grant Bretaigne, à présent nommé Engleterre. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green. p. 223.
- ^ John V. A. Fine; John Van Antwerp Fine (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. p. 525. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
- ^ "Chimalpopoca, "Escudo humeante (1417-1426)" [Chimalpopoca, “Smoking Shield" (1417-1426)]. Arqueologia Mexico (in الإسبانية). July 2, 2016.