1201
| القرون: | قرن 12 · قرن 13 · قرن 14 |
| العقود: | ع1170 ع1180 ع1190 ع1200 ع1210 ع1220 ع1230 |
| السنوات: | 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 12 – القرن 13 – القرن 14 |
| عقود: | عقد 1170 عقد 1180 عقد 1190 – عقد 1200 – عقد 1210 عقد 1220 عقد 1230 |
| سنين: | 1198 1199 1200 – 1201 – 1202 1203 1204 |
| 1201 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
| الفن والأدب | |
| 1201 في الشعر | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1201 MCCI |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1954 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 650 ԹՎ ՈԾ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5951 |
| التقويم البهائي | −643 – −642 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 608 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2151 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 2 Joh. 1 – 3 Joh. 1 |
| التقويم البوذي | 1745 |
| التقويم البورمي | 563 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6709–6710 |
| التقويم الصيني | 庚申年 (المعدن القرد) 3897 أو 3837 — إلى — 辛酉年 (المعدن الديك) 3898 أو 3838 |
| التقويم القبطي | 917–918 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2367 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1193–1194 |
| التقويم العبري | 4961–4962 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1257–1258 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1123–1124 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4302–4303 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11201 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 201–202 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 579–580 |
| التقويم الهجري | 597–598 |
| التقويم الياباني | Shōji (era) 3 / Kennin 1 (建仁元年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 1201 MCCI |
| التقويم الكوري | 3534 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 711 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前711年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1744 |
Year 1201 (MCCI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
حسب المكان
الإمبراطورية البيزنطية
- July 31 - John Komnenos the Fat، a Byzantine aristocrat, attempts to usurp the imperial throne; he is proclaimed emperor and crowned by Patriarch John X Kamateros، at Constantinople. Meanwhile, Emperor Alexios III Angelos، who resides in the Palace of Blachernae، dispatches a small force under Alexios Palaiologos، Alexios' son-in-law, who is regarded as his heir-apparent. With support of the Varangian Guard، John is overthrown and decapitated by the end of the day. His head is displayed at the Forum of Constantine، while John's supporters are captured and tortured to extract the names of all the conspirators.[1][2]
- Autumn - Prince Alexios Angelos، son of the deposed, blinded and imprisoned late Emperor Isaac II Angelos، escapes from Constantinople. He makes his way to Sicily and then Rome where he is turned away by Pope Innocent III. Next, Alexios travels to the court of his brother-in-law, Philip of Swabia، the King of Germany، who receives him well.[3]
أوروبا
- Spring - A treaty is signed between the Crusade leaders and Venice. Doge Enrico Dandolo agrees to manufacture a fleet capable of transporting the Crusader army to the Levant، and to provide provisions for 33,500 men and 4,500 horses, for the price of 85,000 silver marks while Venice will also take half of whatever the expedition conquers. As part of this deal the Venetians will provide – at their own expense – sufficient ships to carry the Crusader forces, plus 50 galleys to defend it.[4]
- May 24 - Count Theobald III of Champagne suddenly dies and is replaced by Boniface I، marquis of Montferrat، as leader of the Fourth Crusade. He travels to France, where he meets his chief colleagues at Soissons.[5]
- Battle of Stellau: Count Adolf III of Holstein is defeated by the Danish army under King Canute VI. Adolf retreats with his forces to Hamburg، where he is besieged and later captured by Duke Valdemar of Schleswig.
- Northern Crusades: The town of Riga is chartered as a city by Albert of Buxhoeveden، bishop of ليڤونيا، who has landed on the site with some 1,500 Crusaders earlier in the year.
الجزر البريطانية
- July 11 - Llywelyn the Great pays homage to John, King of England after Llywelyn has added Eifionydd and Llŷn to his kingdom of Gwynedd في شمال ويلز.[6]
- King John puts an embargo on wheat exported to Flanders، in an attempt to force an allegiance between the states. He also puts a levy of a fifteenth on the value of cargo exported to France and disallows the export of wool to France without a special license. The levies are enforced in each port by at least six men – including one churchman and one knight. John affirms that judgments made by the court of Westminster are as valid as those made "before the king himself or his chief justice".[7]
آسيا
- في منغوليا، تيموجين يقود حملة على التتار وحليفهم جاموخا. كل العشائر التي رأت في تيموجين تهديداً لاستقلالهم الذاتي تجمعوا حول جاموخا وانتخبوه خان. Tatars , Tayitchyut , Merkit ، Oirat، وبعض Kereit hostile to the Ong-khan . Temüjin defeated them on the lower Kerulen في Battle of Koyitan.[8]
حسب الموضوع
الدين
- March 25 - Constance، duchess of Brittany، founds Villeneuve Abbey and gives it a charter.
- April 10 - John, King of England، permits Jews to live freely in England and Normandy.[9]
- Pope Innocent III recognizes Otto IV as the only legitimate ruler of the Holy Roman Empire، against his rival King, Philip of Swabia. In return, Otto promises to support the pope's interests in Italy.
مواليد
- February 18 - Nasir al-Din al-Tusi، Persian scientist and writer (ت. 1274)
- May 30 - Theobald I of Navarre ("the Troubadour"), French-born nobleman (ت. 1253)
- August 9 - Arnold Fitz Thedmar، English chronicler and writer (ت. 1274)
- October 9 - Robert de Sorbon، French monk and theologian (ت. 1274)
- October 10 - Richard de Fournival، French philosopher (ت. 1260)
- Agnes of the Palatinate، duchess of Bavaria (House of Guelf) (ت. 1267)
- Danylo Romanovych، ruler (knyaz) of Galicia–Volhynia (ت. 1264)
- Diana degli Andalò (or d'Andalo), Italian nun and saint (ت. 1236)
- Eison، Japanese Buddhist scholar-monk and disciple (ت. 1290)
- Thomas of Cantimpré، Flemish priest and preacher (ت. 1272)
- Uriyangkhadai، Mongol general and son of Subutai (ت. 1272)
وفيات
- March 1 - Shikishi، Japanese princess, poet and writer (و. 1149)
- March 21 - Absalon، Danish archbishop and statesman (و. 1128)
- March 22 - Jarosław of Opole، Polish duke and bishop (و. 1145)
- April - Bohemond III ("the Stammerer"), prince of Antioch (و. 1148)[10]
- April 7 - Baha al-Din Qaraqush، Egyptian regent and architect[11]
- May 24 - Theobald III، French nobleman and knight (و. 1179)
- June 16 - Ibn al-Jawzi، Arab historian and philologist (و. 1116)
- June 20 - Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani، Persian historian (و. 1125)
- July - Agnes of Merania، queen consort of King Philip II of France[12]
- July 25 - Gruffydd ap Rhys II، Welsh prince of Deheubarth
- July 31 - John Komnenos the Fat، Byzantine nobleman
- August 20 - Gardolf of Hertbeke، bishop of Halberstadt
- September 5 - Constance، duchess of Brittany (و. 1161)
- December 7 or 8 - Bolesław I the Tall، Duke of Wroclaw, Polish nobleman and knight (و. 1127)
- unknown dates
- Fulk of Neuilly (or Foulques), French priest and preacher
- Guglielmo Grasso، Genoese merchant, pirate and admiral[13]
- Margaret of Huntingdon, Duchess of Brittany، Scottish princess (و. 1145)
- Walchelin de Ferriers (or Walkelin), Anglo-Norman nobleman
المراجع
- ^ Angold, Michael (2005). "Byzantine politics vis-à-vis the Fourth Crusade", in Laiou, Angeliki E. (ed.), Urbs capta: the Fourth Crusade and its consequences, Paris: Lethielleux, pp. 55–68. ISBN 2-283-60464-8.
- ^ Brand, Charles M. (1968). Byzantium confronts the West, 1180–1204, pp. 123–124. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
- ^ David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign - Nr. 237. The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium, p. 43. ISBN 978-1-84908-319-5.
- ^ David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign - Nr. 237. The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium, p. 42. ISBN 978-1-84908-319-5.
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 94. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
- ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. p. 75. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ Warren, W. L. (1961). King John. University of California Press. pp. 122–31.
- ^ René Grousset (1965). Payot (ed.). [[L’Empire des steppes]]، Attila, Gengis-Khan, Tamerlan (PDF). Paris.
{{cite book}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Medieval Sourcebook: King John of England and the Jews". Retrieved 2007-12-11.
- ^ Burgtorf, Jochen (2016). "The Antiochene war of succession". In Boas, Adrian J. (ed.). The Crusader World. The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 196–211. ISBN 978-0-415-82494-1.
- ^ De Slane, Mac Guckin (1843). Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Translated from The Arabic. Volume II. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. p. 251.
- ^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 1 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 378.
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