1078
| القرون: | قرن 10 · قرن 11 · قرن 12 |
| العقود: | ع1040 ع1050 ع1060 ع1070 ع1080 ع1090 ع1100 |
| السنوات: | 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 10 – القرن 11 – القرن 12 |
| عقود: | عقد 1040 عقد 1050 عقد 1060 – عقد 1070 – عقد 1080 عقد 1090 عقد 1100 |
| سنين: | 1075 1076 1077 – 1078 – 1079 1080 1081 |
| 1078 حسب الموضوع | |
| قوائم الزعماء | |
| زعماء الدول | |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1078 MLXXVIII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1831 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 527 ԹՎ ՇԻԷ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5828 |
| التقويم البهائي | −766 – −765 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 485 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2028 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 12 Will. 1 – 13 Will. 1 |
| التقويم البوذي | 1622 |
| التقويم البورمي | 440 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6586–6587 |
| التقويم الصيني | 丁巳年 (النار الثعبان) 3774 أو 3714 — إلى — 戊午年 (التراب الحصان) 3775 أو 3715 |
| التقويم القبطي | 794–795 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2244 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1070–1071 |
| التقويم العبري | 4838–4839 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1134–1135 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1000–1001 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4179–4180 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11078 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 78–79 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 456–457 |
| التقويم الهجري | 470–471 |
| التقويم الياباني | Jōryaku 2 (承暦２年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 1078 MLXXVIII |
| التقويم الكوري | 3411 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 834 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前834年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1621 |
Year 1078 (MLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Spring – Nikephoros Botaneiates, a Byzantine general (strategos) of the Theme of the Anatolics, revolts against Emperor Michael VII Doukas. With the support of the Seljuk Turks who provide him with troops, Nikephoros marches upon Nicaea (modern Turkey). He defeats the imperial army and proclaims himself emperor.
- March 24 – Nikephoros Botaneiates enters Constantinople in triumph and is crowned by Patriarch Cosmas I as emperor Nikephoros III of the Byzantine Empire. Michael VII resigns his throne after a 7-year reign and retires into the Monastery of Stoudios.[1]
- Battle of Kalavrye: The imperial forces of General Alexios Komnenos are victorious over the rebellious army (12,000 men) under Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder, governor (doux) of the Theme of Dyrrhachium. Bryennios is captured and later blinded.
- Philaretos Brachamios abandons his claim to the Byzantine throne, on being appointed governor of Antioch, a foundation of the later Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.
Europe
- August 7 – Battle of Mellrichstadt: Emperor Henry IV defeats the German anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Swabia, near Mellrichstadt (modern Germany).
- October 3 – Grand Prince Iziaslav I dies, and is succeeded by Vsevolod I, who unites the principalities – Kiev, Chernigov and Pereyaslavl – in Kievan Rus'.[2]
England
- Approximate date – The White Tower of the Tower of London is begun, under the direction of Gundulf (or Gundulph), bishop of Rochester.
Africa
- The Almoravid emir, Yusuf ibn Tashfin, besieges Ceuta. Since the city can receive help from the sea, the siege will last until 1083.
China
- By this year, the iron industry in the Song dynasty is producing a total weight of 127,000,000 kg (125,000 t) of iron product per year.
By topic
Religion
- July 11 – The Romanesque tympanum of Santiago de Compostela Cathedral in Galicia (Spain) is constructed.
- Anselm is elected abbot of Bec Abbey, in Normandy.[3]
- A church council in Poitiers deposes Bishop Sylvester of Rennes who had bought his office in 1076. This leads also to the flight of Robert of Arbrissel to Paris where he begins his studies.[4]
مواليد
- March 17 – Abdul Qadir Gilani, Persian preacher (d. 1166)
- April/May – Al-Mustazhir, Abbasid caliph in Baghdad (d. 1118)
- Constance of France, princess of Antioch (d. 1125)
- Ermengol V, count of Urgell (Catalonia) (d. 1102)
- Fujiwara no Tadazane, Japanese nobleman (d. 1162)
- Ibn Quzman, Moorish poet and writer (d. 1160)
- Reishi, Japanese empress consort (d. 1144)
- Approximate date – Alexander I ("the Fierce"), king of Scotland (d. 1124)
وفيات
- January – Immilla of Turin, Italian noblewoman
- February 20 – Herman, bishop of Salisbury
- May 30 – Gleb Svyatoslavich, Kievan prince
- August 9 – Peter I, Italian nobleman
- August 26 – Herluin, founder of Bec Abbey
- October 3
- Boris Vyacheslavich, prince of Chernigov
- Iziaslav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1024)
- November 6 – Berthold II, duke of Carinthia
- November 11 – Udo, archbishop of Trier
- Andreas (or Andrew), archbishop of Bari, convert to Judaism
- Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi, Fatimid scholar (b. 1000)
- Nikephoritzes, Byzantine governor
- Rhys ab Owain, Welsh king of Deheubarth
- Richard I (Drengot), prince of Capua
- Tunka Manin, ruler of the Ghana Empire (b. 1010)
- Zeng Gongliang, Chinese scholar and writer (b. 998)
- Zhang Xian, Chinese poet and writer (b. 990)
- Approximate date – Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani, Persian scholar
References
- ^ John Julius Norwich (1991). Byzantium: The Apogee, p. 361. ISBN 0-394-53779-3.
- ^ Martin, Janet (1993). Medieval Russia, 980–1584, pp. 33–35. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-67636-6.
- ^ Dehsen, Christian D. Von; Harris, Scott L. (1999). Philosophers and Religious Leaders (in الإنجليزية). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 10. ISBN 9781573561525.
- ^ Müller, Annalena (2021). From the Cloister to the State: Fontevraud and the Making of Bourbon France, 1642-1100. Routledge. p. 39. ISBN 9781000436297. Retrieved March 6, 2023.