1077
| القرون: | قرن 10 · قرن 11 · قرن 12 |
| العقود: | ع1040 ع1050 ع1060 ع1070 ع1080 ع1090 ع1100 |
| السنوات: | 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 10 – القرن 11 – القرن 12 |
| عقود: | عقد 1040 عقد 1050 عقد 1060 – عقد 1070 – عقد 1080 عقد 1090 عقد 1100 |
| سنين: | 1074 1075 1076 – 1077 – 1078 1079 1080 |
| 1077 حسب الموضوع | |
| قوائم الزعماء | |
| زعماء الدول | |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1077 MLXXVII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1830 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 526 ԹՎ ՇԻԶ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5827 |
| التقويم البهائي | −767 – −766 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 484 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2027 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 11 Will. 1 – 12 Will. 1 |
| التقويم البوذي | 1621 |
| التقويم البورمي | 439 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6585–6586 |
| التقويم الصيني | 丙辰年 (النار التنين) 3773 أو 3713 — إلى — 丁巳年 (النار الثعبان) 3774 أو 3714 |
| التقويم القبطي | 793–794 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2243 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1069–1070 |
| التقويم العبري | 4837–4838 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1133–1134 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 999–1000 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4178–4179 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11077 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 77–78 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 455–456 |
| التقويم الهجري | 469–470 |
| التقويم الياباني | Jōhō 4 / Jōryaku 1 (承暦元年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 1077 MLXXVII |
| التقويم الكوري | 3410 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 835 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前835年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1620 |
Year 1077 (MLXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Fall – Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder, governor (doux) of the Theme of Dyrrhachium in the western Balkans, and Nikephoros Botaneiates, a general (strategos) of the Theme of Anatolics (modern Turkey), are proclaimed emperors by their troops. Emperor Michael VII Doukas offers Bryennios the title of caesar (co-emperor) if he submits to his rule, but Bryennios refuses. He sets out from Dyrrhachium, and marches towards Constantinople.
Europe
- January 25 – Walk to Canossa: Emperor Henry IV travels to the Castle of Canossa near Reggio Emilia (Northern Italy), to visit Pope Gregory VII. He waits (with his wife Bertha of Savoy and son Conrad) at the gates for three days, for absolution of his excommunication. Gregory lifts the sentence, imposing on Henry a vow to comply with certain conditions (see Investiture Controversy).
- King Alfonso VI ("the Brave") reaches an agreement with his cousin Sancho Ramírez, who is elected as king of Navarre. Alfonso annexes the territories of Álava, part of Gipuzkoa and La Bureba, he is crowned and adopts the title of Imperator totius Hispaniae ("Emperor of all Spain").[1]
- March 14 – German nobles opposing king Henry IV elected an antiking, Rudolf of Rheinfelden, despite king Henry having been absolved.
- April 3 – Henry IV grants the County of Friuli (with ducal status) to Sigaerd of Beilstein, patriarch of Aquileia. He creates the first Parliament, representing the communes as well the nobility and clergy.
- Hugh I, duke of Burgundy, supports Sancho Ramírez (or Sancho V) in his conquest of the Castle of Muñones from Emir Ahmad al-Muqtadir, who rules the Taifa of Zaragoza.[2]
- King Mihailo I is given the title "King of the Slavs" by Gregory VII. He becomes the first recognized ruler of the kingdom of Duklja (modern Montenegro).
England
- August 14 – A fire destroys much of London.[3]
- Robert Curthose instigates his first insurrection against his father, King William the Conqueror in the Normandy.
- The first recorded trial by combat is held between Wulfstan and Walter.
Seljuk Empire
- Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, a cousin of late Sultan Alp Arslan, consolidates his leadership over the Oghuz Turks and founds the Sultanate of Rum (modern Turkey).[4]
- Anushtegin Gharchai becomes governor (shihna) of Khwarezm and a vassal of the Seljuk Empire (until 1097).
Africa
- The Almoravids complete the conquest of the Ghana Empire, and reach Spain (approximate date).
By topic
Arts
- The Bayeux Tapestry (embroidery) is completed, probably in England, possibly to unveil at the dedication of Bayeux Cathedral this year.[5]
Religion
- September 1 – Pope Gregory VII appoints Landulf as bishop of Pisa. He makes him permanent legate of the Holy See in Corsica.[6]
- Paul of Caen is installed as abbot of St. Albans in England. He commences the building of St. Albans Abbey Church.
- Pope Christodolos ends his reign as leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria (modern Egypt).
مواليد
- January 7 – Zhezong, Chinese emperor of the Song dynasty (d. 1100)
- Joseph ibn Migash, Spanish scholar and rabbi (d. 1141)
- Ye Mengde, Chinese scholar, minister and poet (d. 1148)
- approximate date – Alexios Komnenos, Byzantine aristocrat and governor
وفيات
- April 11 – Anawrahta, founder of the Pagan Empire (b. 1014)
- April 25 – Géza I ("Magnus"), king of Hungary
- October 14 – Andronikos Doukas, Byzantine nobleman
- November 27 – Landulf VI, prince of Benevento
- December 14 – Agnes of Poitou, Holy Roman Empress
- December 21 – Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, Persian historian (b. 995)
- December 27 – Sviatoslav II, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1027)
- date unknown
- Eleanor of Normandy, countess of Flanders (b. 1010)
- Minamoto no Takakuni, Japanese nobleman (b. 1004)
- Roussel de Bailleul, Norman warrior and military leader
- Shao Yong, Chinese philosopher and cosmologist (b. 1011)
- Zhang Zai, Chinese philosopher and cosmologist (b. 1020)
References
- ^ Minguez Fernández, José María (2009). Alfonso VI/Gregorio VII. Soberanía imperial frente a soberanía papal, pp. 30–33. ISSN 1575-801X.
- ^ Canellas, Angel (1951). "Las Cruzadas de Aragon en el Siglo XI". Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses. 7. ISSN 0518-4088. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, p. 25. Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876).
- ^ Claude Cahen (1968). Pre-Ottoman Turkey: a general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history c. 1070–1330. Trans. J. Jones-Williams, pp. 73–74 (New York: Taplinger).
- ^ Grape, Wolfgang (1994). The Bayeux tapestry: monument to a Norman triumph. Prestel. ISBN 978-3-7913-1365-8. Retrieved 2012-05-03.
- ^ Cowdrey, H. E. J. (1998). Pope Gregory VII, 1073–1085, p. 279. Oxford: Clarendon Press.