المعرفة

كاتيپونان

For other uses, see Katipunan (disambiguation) and KKK (disambiguation).

قالب:Infobox Philippine political party

Katipunan
Kataástaasan, Kagalanggalang na Katipunan ng̃ mg̃á Anak ng̃ Bayan[1]
Philippine revolution flag kkk1.svg
early flag of the Katipunan Revolutionaries
الاختصارKKK
الشعار الحاديSee the Kartilya ng Katipunan
التشكلJuly 7, 1892
النوعMilitary secret society
الوضع القانونيDefunct
الغرضSee Katipunan aims
الأعضاءالأعضاء
Masonic
Official language
Tagalog, regional languages
President
Deodato Arellano (1892–1893)
Roman Basa (1893–1895)
Andrés Bonifacio (1895–1897)
الهيئة الرئيسية
Kalayaan (dated January 1896, published March 1896)[2][3]

The Katipunan (usually abbreviated to KKK) was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. Based on recently found contemporary documents, the society has been organized as early as January 1892 but may have not became active until July 7 of the same year on the night when Filipino writer José Rizal was to be banished to Dapitan earlier in the day. Founded by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa and others, initially, the Katipunan was a secret organization until its discovery in 1896 that led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.

The Tagalog word "katipunan", literally meaning 'association', comes from the root word "tipon," a Tagalog word meaning "gather"."[4][المصدر لا يؤكد ذلك] Its official revolutionary name was Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan[1][5] (حرفياً 'Supreme and Most Honorable Society of the Children of the Nation', إسپانية: Suprema y Venerable Asociación de los Hijos del Pueblo). The Katipunan is also known by its acronym, KKK.[6]

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أصل الكلمة

The name "Katipunan" comes from the full Tagalog name for the society: "Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang Katipunan nang mga Anak nang Bayan" (حرفياً 'Highest and Most Respected Society of the Children of the Nation ').[7]


التشكيل

التاريخ

 
A late 19th century photograph of leaders of the Propaganda Movement: José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce. Photo was taken in Spain in 1890.
للمزيد من المعلومات: La Liga Filipina and Propaganda Movement


Founding of the Katipunan

 
Seal of the Katipunan. The initials are read as "Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan."

Captured Katipunan members (also known as Katipuneros), who were also members of La Liga, revealed to the Spanish colonial authorities that there was a difference of opinion among members of La Liga. One group insisted on La Liga's principle of a peaceful reformation while the other espoused armed revolution.[8]


Literature of the society

 
 
 
The triumvirate of Katipunan (from left to right): Bonifacio, Jacinto, and Valenzuela.
 
 اقرأ نصاً ذا علاقة في

Pahimakas



Preparation for the revolution

Attempt to seek Rizal's support

 
Flags of the Katipunan (Casa Real Shrine)

The night when Governor-General Eulogio Despujol y Dusay exiled Dr. José Rizal to Dapitan,[9] Katipunan was founded.

الثورة

 
Typical Katipunero bolo.


The Battle of Kakarong de Sili

مقال رئيسي: Battle of Kakarong de Sili
 
Inang Filipina Shrine
 
Panorama of the Park and the Shrine
 
Facade


الفض

Following the victory of the الولايات المتحدة against the First Philippine Republic in the Philippine–American War, the Americans exterminated any remaining vestige of the Katipunan.[10][المصدر لا يؤكد ذلك]

See also


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References

Notes and citations

  1. ^ أ ب Cruz 1922 II[12].
    "Kailan at saan itinayo ang 'Samahang Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng̃ mg̃á Anak ng̃ Bayan?'"
    (إنگليزية: "When and where was the Supreme and Most Honorable Society of the Sons of the Nation established?")
    See also the Transcriber's note in the frontmatter of the source cited. Typographical oddities regarding the placement of the tilde ("~") character in the cited source have been regularized here.
  2. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة newspaper1
  3. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة newspaper2
  4. ^ Woods 2006, p. 43
  5. ^ May be rated to modern Tagalog orthography as kulitkulitan, Kain na kain lang mga Anak ng Bayan.
  6. ^ The organization has no affiliation with the White supremacy group known as the Ku Klux Klan whose name is also associated with the acronym "KKK".
  7. ^ Keat Gin Ooi (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor. ABC-CLIO. p. 718. ISBN 978-1-57607-770-2.
  8. ^ "The Founding of the Katipunan".
  9. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة zaide 203
  10. ^ Worcester 1914, p. 180

Published works


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وصلات خارجية

الكلمات الدالة:
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