1184
| القرون: | قرن 11 · قرن 12 · قرن 13 |
| العقود: | ع1150 ع1160 ع1170 ع1180 ع1190 ع1200 ع1210 |
| السنوات: | 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 11 – القرن 12 – القرن 13 |
| عقود: | عقد 1150 عقد 1160 عقد 1170 – عقد 1180 – عقد 1190 عقد 1200 عقد 1210 |
| سنين: | 1181 1182 1183 – 1184 – 1185 1186 1187 |
| 1184 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
| الفنون والآداب | |
| 1184 في الشعر | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1184 MCLXXXIV |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1937 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 633 ԹՎ ՈԼԳ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5934 |
| التقويم البهائي | −660 – −659 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 591 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2134 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 30 Hen. 2 – 31 Hen. 2 |
| التقويم البوذي | 1728 |
| التقويم البورمي | 546 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6692–6693 |
| التقويم الصيني | 癸卯年 (الماء الأرنب) 3880 أو 3820 — إلى — 甲辰年 (الخشب التنين) 3881 أو 3821 |
| التقويم القبطي | 900–901 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2350 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1176–1177 |
| التقويم العبري | 4944–4945 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1240–1241 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1106–1107 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4285–4286 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11184 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 184–185 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 562–563 |
| التقويم الهجري | 579–580 |
| التقويم الياباني | Juei 3 / Genryaku 1 (元暦元年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 1184 MCLXXXIV |
| التقويم الكوري | 3517 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 728 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前728年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1727 |
Year 1184 (MCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
- بناء برج الجيرالدا بأمر من سلطان الموحدين أبو يعقوب المنصور.
By place
Europe
- March 27 – Tamar of Georgia becomes queen regnant on the death of her father and coregent George III. She remains sole ruler of Georgia (the first woman to hold this office) until her death in 1213.
- May 20 – Diet of Pentecost: Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, organises a conference in Mainz. During the diet Frederick negotiates with Henry the Lion about an anti-French alliance with England.
- June 15 – Battle of Fimreite: King Sverre of Norway defeats and kills his rival, Magnus V (Erlingsson) near Fimreite. Sverre takes the throne and becomes sole ruler of Norway (until 1202).
- July 26 – Approximately 60 are killed in the Erfurt latrine disaster.[1]
- Summer – Almohad forces reconquer the Alentejo (except for Évora), and besiege Lisbon on land and blockade the port with their navy. A Portuguese soldier manages to swim to the largest ship of the fleet and to sink it. This ship was so tall, it would have allowed the Muslims easily to reach the walls of the city. The next day, the Almohads have to retreat, taking with them a number of civilian captives.[2]
- Siege of Santarém: Almohad forces under Caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf march towards Badajoz and besiege Santarém, which is defended by King Afonso I of Portugal ("the Conqueror"). Upon hearing of Abu Yusuf's attack, Ferdinand II of León marches his army to Santarém to support his father-in-law, Afonso. Abu Yusuf, in an attempt to break the siege, is wounded by a crossbow bolt and dies on July 29.
- October 29 – The 18-year-old Prince Henry, eldest surviving son of Frederick I, is engaged to Princess Constance, heiress to the Kingdom of Sicily, at Augsburg in the episcopal palace.[3]
- The city of Abbeville receives its commercial charter by King Philip II of France.
England
- The first royal ordinance demanding that the Knights Templar and Hospitaller assist in the collection of taxes is promulgated.[4]
- King Henry II of England encourages his youngest (and favorite) son John to seize Aquitaine from his brother Richard.[5]
- May – A serious fire damages Glastonbury Abbey and destroys several buildings.
Africa
- May – Berber forces under Ali Banu Ghaniya seize the Almohad cities of Algiers, Béjaïa and Constantine by surprise. While he is away from his base in Mallorca, one of his brothers, Muhammad, takes control of the island and calls in the Almohads, who intend to capture Mallorca for themselves. Banu Ghaniya arrives just in time to defeat the Almohads and recapture the island.[2]
- August 10 – Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur is proclaimed the new caliph of the Almohad Caliphate, after his father Abu Yaqub Yusuf is killed in Portugal.
Levant
- Saladin sends his nephew Izz al-Din Usama, governor (emir) of the iron-rich mountains near Beirut, to build Ajloun Castle, which controls the trade along the road between Damascus and Egypt.[6]
Asia
- February 19 – Second Battle of Uji: Japanese forces under Minamoto no Yoshinaka are defeated by his cousins, Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Minamoto no Yoritomo, for the control of Japan.[7]
- February 21 – Battle of Awazu: Minamoto no Yoshinaka is killed during a pursuit by his cousin's armies. He is joined by his foster brother Imai Kanehira, who commits suicide.
- March 20 – Battle of Ichi-no-Tani: Japanese forces under Minamoto no Noriyori defeat the Taira clan at Ikuta Shrine in the woods of Settsu Province during the Genpei War.[8]
By topic
Religion
- The papal bull Ad Abolendam is issued against several European heretical groups: the Cathars, the Waldensians, the Patarines, Josephines and the Humiliati. It is created after a landmark meeting in Verona, between the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick I and the Catholic Church under Pope Lucius III.
مواليد
- April 11 – William Longsword, lord of Lüneburg (d. 1213)
- Ahmad al-Tifashi, Almohad poet and anthologist (d. 1253)
- Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany, English countess (d. 1241)
- Fujiwara no Hideyoshi, Japanese nobleman (d. 1240)
- Guigues VI, count of Albon (House of Burgundy) (d. 1237)
- Jutta of Thuringia, margravine of Meissen (d. 1235)
- William of Modena, Italian bishop and diplomat (d. 1251)
وفيات
- January 2 – Theodora Komnene, duchess of Austria
- January 13 – Gerard la Pucelle, English bishop (b. 1117)
- February 16 – Richard of Dover, English archbishop
- February 21
- Imai Kanehira, Japanese military leader (b. 1152)
- Minamoto no Yoshinaka, Japanese shogun (b. 1154)
- March 27 – George III, king of Georgia (House of Bagrationi)
- March 28 – Eckbert of Schönau (or Egbert), German Benedictine abbot
- June 15 – Magnus V (Erlingsson), king of Norway (b. 1156)
- July 29 – Abu Yaqub Yusuf, Almohad caliph (emir) (b. 1135)
- September 30 – Arnold of Torroja, Catalan Grand Master
- October 24 – Siegfried, prince-archbishop of Bremen (b. 1132)
- November 15
- Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy, Holy Roman Empress consort (b. 1143)
- William de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Warwick, English nobleman
- November 18 – Josceline de Bohon, English bishop (b. 1111)
- December 17 – Simon de Tosny, Norman-Scottish bishop
- December 29 – Aindréas of Caithness, Gaelic-Scottish monk and bishop
- Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar, Jewish physician (b. 1101)
- Agnes of Antioch, queen consort of Hungary (approximate date)
- Grimaldo Canella, Italian nobleman (House of Grimaldi)
- Li Tao (or Renfu), Chinese historian and writer (b. 1115)
- Pedro Fernández de Castro (Grand Master of the Order of Santiago), Spanish nobleman (b. 1115)
- Sasaki Hideyoshi, Japanese nobleman and samurai (b. 1112)
- Taira no Atsumori, Japanese warrior and samurai (b. 1169)
- Taira no Koremori, Japanese nobleman (approximate date)
- Taira no Tadanori, Japanese warrior and general (b. 1144)
- William de Vesci, High Sheriff of Northumberland (b. 1125)
References
- ^ Arnold, Benjamin (29 January 2004). Princes and Territories in Medieval Germany (in الإنجليزية). Cambridge University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-521-52148-2.
- ^ أ ب Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
- ^ Fröhlich, Walter (1993). The Marriage of Henry VI and Constance of Sicily: Prelude and Consequences, pp. 100–101.
- ^ Ferris, Eleanor (1902). "The Financial Relations of the Knights Templars to the English Crown". American Historical Review. 8 (1): 1–17. doi:10.2307/1832571. JSTOR 1832571.
- ^ Williams, Hywell (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 128. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ David, Chandler G. (1993). Hattin 1187. Campaign, 19. Osprey. p. 11. ISBN 1-85532-284-6..
- ^ Sansom, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334, pp. 296–297. ISBN 0804705232.
- ^ Sansom, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334, pp. 298–299. ISBN 0804705232.