المعرفة

ڤكتوريا، كلومبيا البريطانية

هذا المقال هو عن مدينة ڤكتوريا. إذا كنت تريد الدوائر الانتخابية بإسم ڤكتوريا، أو في منطقة ڤكتوريا الكبرى، كلومبيا البريطانية، انظر ڤكتوريا (دوائر انتخابية).

ڤكتوريا (Victoria ؛ /vɪkˈtɔriə/ ؛ سانتش: Mətúliyə[6]) هي عاصمة كلومبيا البريطانية، كندا، وتقع في الطرف الجنوبي لـ جزيرة ڤانكوڤر قبالة الساحل الهادي لكندا. ويبلغ تعداد سكان المدينة نحو 80,017 نسمة، بينما يبلغ تعداد سكان المنطقة العمرانية لـڤكتوريا الكبرى نحو 344,615 نسمة، مما يجعلها في ترتيب الـ15 بين المناطق الحضرية الكندية حسب تعداد السكان.

ڤكتوريا
City
مدينة ڤكتوريا
Clockwise from top left: The Inner Victoria Harbour, Statue of Queen Victoria, the Fisgard Lighthouse, Neo-Baroque architecture of the British Columbia Parliament Buildings, The British Columbia Parliament Buildings, The Empress Hotel, and The Christ Church Cathedral.
Clockwise from top left: The Inner Victoria Harbour, Statue of Queen Victoria, the Fisgard Lighthouse, Neo-Baroque architecture of the British Columbia Parliament Buildings, The British Columbia Parliament Buildings, The Empress Hotel, and The Christ Church Cathedral.
علم ڤكتوريا
Flag
درع ڤكتوريا
Coat of arms
الكنية: 
"The Garden City", "City of Newly Weds and Nearly Deads"[1] [2]
الشعار: 
"حرة للأبد Forever free"
ڤكتوريا is located in كندا
ڤكتوريا
ڤكتوريا
موقع ڤكتوريا في كلومبيا البريطانية
ڤكتوريا is located in كلومبيا البريطانية
ڤكتوريا
ڤكتوريا
ڤكتوريا (كلومبيا البريطانية)
الإحداثيات: 48°25′43″N 123°21′56″W / 48.42861°N 123.36556°W / 48.42861; -123.36556
البلد كندا
المقاطعة كولومبيا البريطانية
Regional Districtالعاصمة
Historic colonies م. جزيرة ڤانكوڤر (1848-66)
م. كلومبيا البريطانية (1866–71)
Incorporated2 August 1862[3]
الحكومة
 • النوعElected city council
 • MayorLisa Helps
(List of mayors)
 • Governing bodyمجلس مدينة ڤكتوريا
 • MPMurray Rankin (NDP)
 • MLAsCarole James (BC NDP), Rob Fleming (BC NDP), Maurine Karagianis (BC NDP)
المساحة
[4]
 • City19٫47 كم² (7٫52 ميل²)
 • العمران
696٫15 كم² (268٫79 ميل²)
المنسوب
23 m (75 ft)
التعداد
 (2011)[5]
 • City80٬032 (67th)
 • الكثافة4٬109٫4/km2 (10٬643/sq mi)
 • العمرانية
344٬630 (15th)
 • الكثافة العمرانية495/km2 (1٬280/sq mi)
صفة المواطنVictorian
منطقة التوقيتUTC-8 (PST)
Postal code span
V0S, V8N-V8Z, V9A-V9E
مفتاح الهاتف250, 778, and 236
NTS Map092B06
GNBC CodeJBOBQ
الموقع الإلكترونيvictoria.ca

ڤكتوريا هي المدينة الأقصى جنوباً في غرب كندا, and is located about 100 kilometres (60 miles) from BC's largest city of Vancouver on the mainland. The city is about 100 kilometres (60 miles) from Seattle by airplane, ferry, or the Victoria Clipper passenger-only ferry which operates daily, year round between Seattle and Victoria and 40 kilometres (25 miles) from Port Angeles, Washington, by ferry Coho across the Strait of Juan de Fuca.

Named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and, at the time, British North America, Victoria is one of the oldest cities in the Pacific Northwest, with British settlement beginning in 1843. The city has retained a large number of its historic buildings, in particular its two most famous landmarks, Legislative buildings (finished in 1897 and home of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia) and the Empress hotel (opened in 1908). The city's Chinatown is the second oldest in North America after San Francisco's. The region's Coast Salish First Nations peoples established communities in the area long before non-native settlement, possibly several thousand years earlier, which had large populations at the time of European exploration. Victoria, like many Vancouver Island communities, continues to have a sizeable First Nations presence, composed of peoples from all over Vancouver Island and beyond.

Known as the "The Garden City", Victoria is an attractive city and a popular tourism destination with a thriving technology sector that has risen to be its largest revenue-generating private industry.[7] Victoria is in the top twenty of world cities for quality-of-life,[8] according to Numbeo. The city has a large non-local student population, who come to attend the University of Victoria, Camosun College, Royal Roads University, the Victoria College of Art, the Sooke Schools International Programme and the Canadian College of Performing Arts. Victoria is very popular with boaters with its beautiful and rugged shorelines and beaches. Victoria is also popular with retirees, who come to enjoy the temperate and usually snow-free climate of the area as well as the usually relaxed pace of the city.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

التاريخ

Prior to the arrival of European navigators in the late 1700s, the Victoria area was home to several communities of Coast Salish peoples, including the Songhees. The Spanish and British took up the exploration of the northwest coast, beginning with the visits of Juan Pérez in 1774 and of James Cook. In 1778, although the Victoria area of the Strait of Juan de Fuca was not penetrated until 1790, Spanish sailors visited Esquimalt Harbour (just west of Victoria proper) in 1790, 1791, and 1792.

 
Downtown Victoria's Skyline at twilight in November 2009.
 
Wawadit'la, also known as Mungo Martin House, a Kwakwaka'wakw "big house", with totem pole. Built by Chief Mungo Martin in 1953. Located at Thunderbird Park in Victoria, British Columbia, in the background is the Royal BC Museum.[9]


ڤكتوريا في الحرب العظمى 1914-1918

[10]


بعد 1945

 
Inner Harbour with Empress Hotel on left, 2014


الجغرافيا

الجيولوجيا

الجيولوجيا

ڤكتوريا
جدول طقس (التفسير)
يفمأمييأسأند
 
 
94
 
7
3
 
 
72
 
9
4
 
 
47
 
11
5
 
 
29
 
13
6
 
 
26
 
16
8
 
 
21
 
18
10
 
 
14
 
20
11
 
 
20
 
20
12
 
 
27
 
19
11
 
 
51
 
14
8
 
 
99
 
9
5
 
 
109
 
7
3
متوسطات درجات الحرارة القصوى والدنيا - °س
إجمالي الهطل - مم
المصدر: Environment Canada[11]

Victoria has a mild warm summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb)[12] with mild, rainy winters and cool, dry and sunny summers.[13] Other climate classification systems, such as Trewartha, place it in the Oceanic zone (Do).[14]

بيانات مناخ ڤكتوريا (Gonzales), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1872–present[أ]
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
هيوميدكس 13.8 16.0 18.3 22.4 29.1 33.8 36.1 35.0 32.3 24.7 19.7 15.1 36٫1
العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) 17.1
(62.8) 		17.4
(63.3) 		23.6
(74.5) 		27.0
(80.6) 		31.6
(88.9) 		35.0
(95) 		36.0
(96.8) 		33.4
(92.1) 		31.7
(89.1) 		25.0
(77) 		18.9
(66) 		15.0
(59) 		36٫0
(96٫8)
العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 7.0
(44.6) 		8.6
(47.5) 		10.6
(51.1) 		13.1
(55.6) 		15.9
(60.6) 		17.9
(64.2) 		19.8
(67.6) 		20.1
(68.2) 		18.5
(65.3) 		13.8
(56.8) 		9.4
(48.9) 		7.1
(44.8) 		13٫5
(56٫3)
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) 5.0
(41) 		6.2
(43.2) 		7.6
(45.7) 		9.6
(49.3) 		12.1
(53.8) 		14.0
(57.2) 		15.6
(60.1) 		15.9
(60.6) 		14.6
(58.3) 		10.9
(51.6) 		7.2
(45) 		5.2
(41.4) 		10٫3
(50٫5)
الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 3.0
(37.4) 		3.7
(38.7) 		4.5
(40.1) 		6.0
(42.8) 		8.2
(46.8) 		10.0
(50) 		11.3
(52.3) 		11.7
(53.1) 		10.7
(51.3) 		7.9
(46.2) 		5.0
(41) 		3.2
(37.8) 		7٫1
(44٫8)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) -18.9
(-2) 		-14.4
(6.1) 		-7.2
(19) 		-3.3
(26.1) 		-1.1
(30) 		3.3
(37.9) 		5.0
(41) 		4.4
(39.9) 		-1.1
(30) 		-2.8
(27) 		-11.7
(10.9) 		-15.7
(3.7) 		−18٫9
(−2)
Wind chill -22.1 -18.6 -13.6 -4.6 -1.8 3.1 4.3 6.5 1.0 -9.1 -20.8 -27.0 −27٫0
هطول mm (inches) 94.3
(3.713) 		71.7
(2.823) 		46.5
(1.831) 		28.5
(1.122) 		25.8
(1.016) 		20.7
(0.815) 		14.0
(0.551) 		19.7
(0.776) 		27.4
(1.079) 		51.2
(2.016) 		98.9
(3.894) 		108.9
(4.287) 		607٫6
(23٫921)
سقوط الأمطار mm (inches) 85.2
(3.354) 		68.1
(2.681) 		45.3
(1.783) 		28.5
(1.122) 		25.8
(1.016) 		20.7
(0.815) 		14.0
(0.551) 		19.7
(0.776) 		27.4
(1.079) 		51.1
(2.012) 		95.5
(3.76) 		101.9
(4.012) 		583٫1
(22٫957)
سقوط الثلج cm (inches) 9.7
(3.82) 		3.5
(1.38) 		1.1
(0.43) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0.1
(0.04) 		4.1
(1.61) 		7.8
(3.07) 		26٫3
(10٫35)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm (0.008 in)) 17.0 15.4 13.6 10.4 9.0 7.1 4.9 4.8 7.9 11.9 16.1 17.5 135٫6
Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm (0.008 in)) 14.6 14.3 12.9 10.4 9.0 7.1 4.9 4.8 7.9 11.9 15.3 16.1 129٫2
Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm (0.08 in)) 2.6 1.7 0.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.8 1.9 7٫8
Sunshine hours 74.1 93.7 149.5 201.5 266.6 273.8 327.8 297.3 204.1 153.4 83.1 68.7 2٬193٫3
Source: Environment Canada[15][16][17][18][19]



بيانات مناخ University of Victoria, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1992–present
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) 15.2
(59.4) 		16.5
(61.7) 		21.0
(69.8) 		25.0
(77) 		28.8
(83.8) 		32.2
(90) 		37.6
(99.7) 		34.5
(94.1) 		29.3
(84.7) 		23.5
(74.3) 		18.1
(64.6) 		16.5
(61.7) 		37٫6
(99٫7)
العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 8.5
(47.3) 		9.3
(48.7) 		11.4
(52.5) 		14.4
(57.9) 		17.9
(64.2) 		20.9
(69.6) 		23.8
(74.8) 		23.6
(74.5) 		20.4
(68.7) 		14.6
(58.3) 		10.6
(51.1) 		8.6
(47.5) 		15٫3
(59٫5)
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) 6.1
(43) 		6.3
(43.3) 		7.9
(46.2) 		10.1
(50.2) 		13.0
(55.4) 		15.7
(60.3) 		17.9
(64.2) 		17.8
(64) 		15.2
(59.4) 		11.0
(51.8) 		7.8
(46) 		6.2
(43.2) 		11٫2
(52٫2)
الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 3.6
(38.5) 		3.2
(37.8) 		4.3
(39.7) 		5.8
(42.4) 		8.1
(46.6) 		10.4
(50.7) 		12.0
(53.6) 		11.9
(53.4) 		10.0
(50) 		7.3
(45.1) 		4.9
(40.8) 		3.6
(38.5) 		7٫1
(44٫8)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) -7.5
(18.5) 		-7.2
(19) 		-4.1
(24.6) 		-0.5
(31.1) 		0.2
(32.4) 		5.2
(41.4) 		6.2
(43.2) 		7.3
(45.1) 		4.4
(39.9) 		-2.1
(28.2) 		-7.4
(18.7) 		-11.2
(11.8) 		−11٫2
(11٫8)
Source: Environment Canada[20][21]



 
Victoria's Harbour with Songhees condominiums in the background


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Demographics

Population

Historical populations
السنةتعداد±%
18713٬270—    
18815٬925+81.2%
189116٬841+184.2%
190120٬816+23.6%
191131٬660+52.1%
192138٬727+22.3%
193139٬082+0.9%
194142٬907+9.8%
195151٬331+19.6%
196154٬941+7.0%
197161٬761+12.4%
198164٬379+4.2%
199171٬228+10.6%
199673٬504+3.2%
200174٬125+0.8%
200678٬057+5.3%
201180٬017+2.5%
[22]

Ethnic origins

Note: These categories are those used by Statistics Canada.

تعداد الأقليات البارزة والسكان الأصليين

Canada 2011 Census Population % of Total Population
Visible minority group
[بحاجة لمصدر]		 South Asian 1,160 1.5%
Chinese 2,895 3.8%
Black 850 1.1%
Filipino 1,155 1.5%
Latin American 505 0.7%
Arab 340 0.4%
Southeast Asian 460 0.6%
West Asian 290 0.4%
Korean 355 0.5%
Japanese 470 0.6%
Other visible minority 90 0.1%
Mixed visible minority 415 0.5%
Total visible minority population 8,985 11.8%
Aboriginal group
[بحاجة لمصدر]		 First Nations 3,325 4.4%
Métis 1,205 1.6%
Inuit 100 0.1%
Total Aboriginal population 4,490 5.9%
European Canadian 62,550 82.3%
التعداد الإجمالي 76,025 100%


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

الاقتصاد

صناعة التكنولوجيا

السياحة

 
الحديقة الغارقة في حدائق بوتشارت
 
فندق ذا إمپرس


الثقافة

 
Totem pole في المرفأ الداخلي

المعالم

 
Christ Church Cathedral in Victoria, British Columbia
 
Part of Victoria's skyline in May 2006 from Thunderbird Park.
 
المرفأ الداخلي له شعبية بين السواح
 
Fisherman's Wharf has a number of houseboats, some of which serve as restaurants


المدن الشقيقة

 
Street sign of sister cities in Victoria, Canada

Victoria has four Sister Cities:[28]

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ "B.C. Transit drivers return to calling out stops on Victoria buses". Victoria News. Black Press. 6 May 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-18.
  2. ^ Macionis, John J (2002). Society: The Basics. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. p. 69. ISBN 9780131111646.
  3. ^ "History Snapshot of Victoria, BC". City Of Victoria. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  4. ^ "2006 Community Profiles". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
  5. ^ "Census Profile – Census Subdivision". 2.statcan.ca. 1 February 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
  6. ^ http://www.cas.unt.edu/~montler/Saanich/WordList/placenames.html
  7. ^ Gemme, Brigitte. "Economic Impact of the Greater Victoria Technology Sector" (PDF). This report was commissioned by the Victoria Advanced Technology Council (VIATeC) and prepared by Brigitte Gemme, Ph.D. candidate at the University of British Columbia. The study was supported by the ACCELERATE BC (MITACS) internship programme. The Centre for Sustainability and Social Innovation and its director, professor James Tansey, generously hosted the author of the report during the internship. The author and VIATeC would also like to thank the Victoria technology sector organizations who took the time to participate in this study. University of British Columbia. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  8. ^ "Quality of Life Index by City 2015". numbeo.com.
  9. ^ "Thunderbird Park – A Place of Cultural Sharing". Royal British Columbia Museum. Retrieved 2010-02-07. House built by Mungo Martin and David Martin with carpenter Robert J. Wallace. Based on Chief Nakap'ankam's house in Tsaxis (Fort Rupert). The house "bears on its house-posts the hereditary crests of Martin's family." It is still used for ceremonies with the permission of Chief Oast'akalagalis 'Walas 'Namugwis (Peter Knox, Martin's grandson) and Mable Knox. Pole carved by Mungo Martin, David Martin and Mildred Hunt. "Rather than display his own crests on the pole, which was customary, Martin chose to include crests representing the A'wa'etlala, Kwagu'l, 'Nak'waxda'xw and 'Namgis Nations. In this way, the pole represents and honours all the Kwakwaka'wakw people."
  10. ^ www.acitygoestowar.ca. University of Victoria. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  11. ^ "Victoria Gonzales HTS, British Columbia". Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000 (in English and French). Environment Canada. Retrieved 15 February 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  12. ^ http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pics/kottek_et_al_2006.gif
  13. ^ Kottek, M.; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated". Meteorol. Z. 15 (3): 259–263. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. Retrieved 2007-02-15.
  14. ^ "Global Ecological Zoning for the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000". Fao.org. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
  15. ^ "Victoria Gonzales Hts". Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000. Environment Canada. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  16. ^ "Victoria Gonzales CS". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  17. ^ "Esquimalt". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  18. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة July 2007
  19. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة January 1893
  20. ^ "University of Victoria". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  21. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة July 2009
  22. ^ "1996 Census of Canada: Electronic Area Profiles". 2.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
  23. ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada – Victoria, BC (2006 Census)". 2.statcan.ca. 6 October 2010. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
  24. ^ NB combined single and multiple responses – 30,945 and 44,445 respectively
  25. ^ NB does not total 100% because all figures are multiple responses
  26. ^ "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere"
  27. ^ "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified"
  28. ^ "Twin Cities". victoria.ca.

==الملاحظات

  1. ^ Climate data for Victoria was recorded in nearby Esquimalt from January 1872 to July 1898, and at Gonzales Heights from August 1898 to present.

وصلات خارجية

 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Victoria (British Columbia).

Coordinates: 48°25′19″N 123°21′54″W / 48.422°N 123.365°W / 48.422; -123.365 (Victoria)

الكلمات الدالة:
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