آدي پاراشاكتي

(تم التحويل من آدي پاراشكتي)
هذا المقال هو عن the Supreme Goddess in Hinduism. إذا كنت تريد the divine feminine energy، انظر Shakti. إذا كنت تريد the concept of Shaivism، انظر Parashakti. إذا كنت تريد article about a Sanskrit astronomical table text titled Mahadevi، انظر Mahadevi (astronomy book).
آدي پاراشكتي
Adi Parashakti [1][2]
An 18th-century painting of Mahadevi from Bikaner, Rajasthan
دڤانگریमहादेवी
النقحرة السنسكريتيةAdi Parashakti
الانتماءالأم الإلهية، پارا براهمان، الإلهة دورگا، ام الكون
المسكنأكشارا دهام، ساتيالوكا، (مأوى براهما، إم تي. كايلاش، مأوى شيڤا) وڤايكونتها (مأوى ڤيشنو)
مانتراآيم هريم كليم
السلاحجميع الأسلحة
الجبلعربة الأسود السبعة
القرينشيڤا

حسب الأساطير الهندوسية، الإلهة-ديڤي آدي پاراشكتي Adi Parashakti، هي الكائن الأسمى والمعترف به كپارا براهمان.[3] ديڤي بهاگواتا ماهاپورانا تقترح أن آدي پارشكتي هي الخالق الأصلي، المراقب والمدمر للكون كله. يطلق عليها علماء اليوم، الذكاء الأسمى أو الطاقة المقدسة،[4] وتشتهر في أنحاء العالم باسم الله. فهي التي خلقت كل شيء موجود في الكون. ومن ثم فآدي پارشتكي هي پارما پاركريتي. الإلهة دورگا هي الشكل المتجلي الأصلي للأم آدي پراشكتي. الإلهة دورگا هي آدي-پراشكتي نفسها. دورگا أو پارڤاتي إلهة القوة والجمال، تعتبر هي الصورة البشرية لها (ساگونا سڤاروپا).[5] In Shakta texts, Mahadevi is mentioned as Mulaprakriti (Primordial Goddess), having five primary forms—Parvati, Lakshmi, Sarasvati, Gayatri and Radha, collectively known as Panchaprakriti. Besides these, the goddesses Tripura Sundari and Durga are also identified with Mahadevi.[6][7][8]

مقالات عن
الهندوسية
المفاهيم
الإله / أسمى واقع
الحياة
الأخلاق
Liberation
المدارس
Six Astika schools
المدارس الأخرى
آلهة
الديڤي والديڤات الأخرى
ممارسات
العبادة

سمسكارا

ڤارناشراا دهارما

مهرجانات

فلاسفة

التسمية

آدي پاراشكتي تعني "القوة المطلقة الخالدة".

Epithets and attributes

Mahadevi is known by many names in Hindu texts. These include Mulaprakrti ('she who is primordial matter') and Mahamaya ('she who is beyond maya').[9]

The Devi Bhagavata Purana and Lalita Sahasranama describe Mahadevi's numerous epithets. These names include her divine and destructive characteristics.[9] In the Devi Bhagavata Purana she is described as 'the mother of all', 'the life force in all beings', and 'she who is supreme knowledge'.[9] The Lalita Sahasranama also describes her as Visvadhika ('she who transcends the universe'), Sarvaga ('she who is omnipresent'), Vishvadharini ('she who supports the universe'), Raksasaghni ('she who slays demons'), Bhairavi ('the terrible one'), and Samharini ('she who destroys').[9] Mahadevi's destructive features are further described in a hymn called the Aryastava, calling her Kalaratri ('night of death') and Nistha ('she who is death').[9]

In the first episode of the Devi Mahatmya, Mahadevi is referred as Mahamaya, meaning the one who controls maya.[10]

Scriptural representation

Vedas

The Vedas name numerous forms of goddess such as Devi (power), Prithvi (earth), Aditi (cosmic moral order), Vāc (sound), Nirṛti (destruction), Ratri (night) and Aranyani (forest). Bounty goddesses such as Dinsana, Raka, Puramdhi, Parendi, Bharati, and Mahi are among others are mentioned in the Rigveda.[11]

The Devīsūkta of the Rigveda (10.125.1 to 10.125.8) is among the most studied hymns, declaring that the ultimate reality is a goddess.[12][13]

I have created all worlds at my will without being urged by any higher Being, and dwell within them. I permeate the earth and heaven, and all created entities with my greatness and dwell in them as eternal and infinite consciousness.

— Devi Sukta, Rigveda 10.125.8، Translated by June McDaniel[14][15]

Upanishads

Shakta Upanishads are a group of minor Upanishads of Hinduism related to the Shaktism theology. There are eight Shakta Upanishads in the Muktika anthology of 108 Upanishads.[16] The Shakta Upanishads are notable for declaring and revering the feminine as the Supreme, the primal cause and the metaphysical concepts in Hinduism called Brahman and Atman (soul).[17][18]

Shakta Puranas

According to the Devi Bhagavata Purana Mahadevi is described in her form of Bhuvaneshvari. The text states that Shiva worshipped and meditated on the goddess for thousands of years using the bīja mantra "hrīm". The goddess is described as possessing both the aspects of Para Brahman: nirguna (without form) and saguna (with form). In her saguna form, she is extolled as the mother of the universe, residing upon the highest abode named Manidvipa. All other gods and goddesses are described as her various forms. In the Devi Mahatmya, the Trimurti and the demigods praise the goddess.[19]

In the third canto of the Srimad Devi Bhagavatam, the Devi addresses the Trimurti, stating that there is no difference between herself and Purusha(the Supreme self), and that the perception of duality is an error.[20]

In the Devi Gita of Devi Bhagavatam, it is suggested that before incarnating as Parvati, she appeared to King Himalaya and revealed divine, eternal knowledge to him. She explained herself, in the words of the Vedas, as having neither beginning nor end. She is the only, eternal truth. The whole universe is her creation. She is the only victor and the manifestation of victory itself. She is a manifested, un-manifested, and transcendent divinity. She then displayed her scarcely seen form to him: Satyaloka was located in her forehead; the created universe were her hairs; the sun and moon were her eyes; in her ears were the four directions; the Vedas were her words; death, affection and emotion were her teeth; Maya was manifested by her smile.[21] The goddess Parvati, as Kushmanda, gives birth to the universe in the form of a cosmic egg which manifests as the universe. Ultimately, Adi Shakti herself is the energy which exists even after the destruction of the universe and before its creation.[8]

As Tripura Sundari, she is the complete supreme form.[22][23]

According to the Tripura Rahasya, only Mahadevi was existed in her form of Tripura Sundari before the beginning of the universe. She is supposed to have created the Trimurti, and began the creation of the universe.[24]

Shaiva Puranas

Adi Parashakti, the formless one who manifests all forms

The Shiva Purana says Adi Parashakti incarnated in materialistic form as Parama Prakriti from the left half of Shiva (Parabrahman) during the beginning of the universe. The Linga Purana states that Adi Shakti brings forth the evolution of life in every universe through the union of every Shiva and Parvati in all of the Universes.[25][26]

That alone, Paramesvari of three attributes, creates the universe; she alone sustains it and she alone destroys it at the proper time.

— J.L.Shastri، Shiva Purana (Umasamhita), Chapter 45, Verse 49

I bow to the great Maya, the Yogic slumber, Uma, Sati, Kalaratri, Maharatri, Moharatri, greater than the greatest, the mother of the three deities, the eternal, the bestower of the fruits of the cherished desires of the devotees, the protectress of the gods and the ocean of mercy.

— J.L.Shastri، Shiva Purana (Umasamhita), Chapter 45, Verses 58-59

Vaishnava Puranas

A painting of Lakshmi surrounded by two elephants

The goddess Lakshmi is revered as manifestation of Mahadevi in the Vaishnavite tradition, extolled to possess a thousand names and qualities.[27] Various texts like the Garuda Purana, Bhagavata Purana, and Lakshmi Tantra refer to Lakshmi as form of Mahadevi. According to Devdutt Pattanaik, "Lakshmi is worshipped as maya, the delightful delusion, the dream-like expression of divinity that makes life comprehensible, hence worth living. She is true shakti, energy, boundless and bountiful".[28]

Amsharupa

The Devi Bhagavata Purana also describes Amsharupas, which are partial manifestations of the Devī, distinct from her five complete forms. The text lists six Amsharupas, each associated with specific cosmic functions: Ganga, who flows as water and cleanses sins; Tulasi, a devotee of Vishnu who purifies and promotes well-being; Manasa, the daughter of Kashyapa associated with learning and mantras; Devasena (also known as Shasthi Devi), who grants offspring and protects children; Mangalachandika, who grants favorable outcomes, wealth, and welfare; and Bhumi, the earth goddess who embodies compassion, supports all plant life, and serves as the repository of gems.[29][30]

الأهمية

Goddess Adi ParaShakthi is the Presiding Deity at the Parashakthi Temple in Pontiac, USA

آدي پاراشكتي في الپورانا

آدي پاراشكتي والعلوم الحديثة

آدي پاراشكتي وكونداليني شاكتي

الارتباط بالآلهة الأخرى

آدي شكتي في السيخية

أشكال آدي پاراشكتي

الرمزية

قصص أسطورية

انظر أيضاً

الهوامش

  1. ^ Chandi Charitra | Salrbloh Granth - Sikhism
  2. ^ Devi Bhagavati - ‘Nirguna’ and ‘Virupa’ Shakti | http://www.kamakoti.org/kamakoti/details/devibhagvatpurana5.html
  3. ^ Srimad Devi Bhagwatam, Devi Gita, Brahmand Purana, Sunder Lehri
  4. ^ Outline of Occult Science|Rudolf Steiner, Max Gysi - 2011
  5. ^ Hay, Jeff (2009-03-06). World Religions (in الإنجليزية). Greenhaven Publishing LLC. p. 284. ISBN 978-0-7377-4627-3.
  6. ^ Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide (in الإنجليزية). Penguin Books India. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  7. ^ Pintchman, Tracy (2001-06-21). Seeking Mahadevi: Constructing the Identities of the Hindu Great Goddess (in الإنجليزية). SUNY Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-7914-5007-9.
  8. ^ أ ب Bonnefoy 1993, p. 95.
  9. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Kinsley 1998, p. [صفحة مطلوبة].
  10. ^ Hawley, John Stratton; Wulff, Donna Marie (1998). Devī: Goddesses of India (in الإنجليزية). Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 33. ISBN 978-81-208-1491-2.
  11. ^ Kinsley, David (1988). Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Traditions. University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-06339-2.
  12. ^ McDaniel 2004, p. 90.
  13. ^ Brown 1998, p. 26.
  14. ^ McDaniel 2004, p. 90; Brown 1998, p. 26.
  15. ^ Sanskrit original see: ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १०.१२५;
    for an alternate English translation, see: The Rig Veda/Mandala 10/Hymn 125 Ralph T.H. Griffith (Translator); for
  16. ^ Deussen 1997, p. 556.
  17. ^ McDaniel 2004, pp. 89-90.
  18. ^ Brooks 1990, pp. 77–78.
  19. ^ Pintchman, Tracy (1994). The Rise of the Goddess in the Hindu Tradition. SUNY Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-0791421123.
  20. ^ Brown, C. Mackenzie (1990). The Triumph of the Goddess: The Canonical Models and Theological Visions of the Devi-Bhagavata Purana. State University of New York Press. pp. 217–220. ISBN 978-0791403631.
  21. ^ "The Devi Gita index". Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2012-08-05.
  22. ^ Vasantānanta, Nā Irāmaccantiraṉ (1993). Sri Lalita Sahasranamam: Nama-wise Commentary in English with Text in Sanskrit. p. 358.
  23. ^ Śaṅkarācārya; Tapasyananda; Lakṣmīdhara (1987). Saundarya-lahari of Sri Sankaracarya: with text and translation, and notes based on Lakṣmīdhara's commentary. Sri Ramakrishna Math. p. 70. ISBN 9788171202447.
  24. ^ Rao, T.B. Lakshmana (2011). Shri Tripura Rahasya (Mahatmya Khanda). Sri Kailasamanidweepa Trust, Bengaluru. p. 108.
  25. ^ Shastri, J. L. (1970). English translation by J. L. Shastri (ed.). The Shiva Purāṇa (includes glossary) – via Wisdom Library.
  26. ^ Shiva Mahapurana | Gitapress Gorakhpur
  27. ^ "Lakshmi Sahasranama Stotram - Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia". www.hindupedia.com. Retrieved 2022-05-08.
  28. ^ Pattanaik, Devdutt (2002). Lakshmi, the Goddess of Wealth and Fortune: An Introduction (in الإنجليزية). Vakils, Feffer and Simons. ISBN 978-81-8462-019-1.
  29. ^ Mani, Vettam (1975). Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature (in الإنجليزية). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-0-8426-0822-0.
  30. ^ Swami Vijnanananda (1921). "Book 9, Chapter 1: On the description of Prakṛti". The Śrīmad Devī Bhāgavatam (in الإنجليزية). Allahabad: The Panini Office.

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