660
| القرون: | قرن 6 · قرن 7 · قرن 8 |
| العقود: | ع630 ع640 ع650 ع660 ع670 ع680 ع690 |
| السنوات: | 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 1 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 6 – القرن 7 – القرن 8 |
| عقود: | عقد 630 عقد 640 عقد 650 – عقد 660 – عقد 670 عقد 680 عقد 690 |
| سنين: | 657 658 659 – 660 – 661 662 663 |
أراضي معاوية (بالأحمر) وعلي بن أبي طالب (أخضر) أثناء الفتنة الأولى؛ الأزرق هو أراضي حليف معاوية عمرو بن العاص
| 660 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| تأسيسات – انحلالات | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 660 DCLX |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1413 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 109 ԹՎ ՃԹ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5410 |
| التقويم البهائي | −1184 – −1183 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 67 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 1610 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | N/A |
| التقويم البوذي | 1204 |
| التقويم البورمي | 22 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6168–6169 |
| التقويم الصيني | 己未年 (التراب الماعز) 3356 أو 3296 — إلى — 庚申年 (المعدن القرد) 3357 أو 3297 |
| التقويم القبطي | 376–377 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 1826 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 652–653 |
| التقويم العبري | 4420–4421 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 716–717 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 582–583 |
| - كالي يوگا | 3761–3762 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 10660 |
| تقويم الإگبو | −340 – −339 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 38–39 |
| التقويم الهجري | 39–40 |
| التقويم الياباني | N/A |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 660 DCLX |
| التقويم الكوري | 2993 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 1252 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前1252年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1203 |
Year 660 (DCLX) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 660 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
أحداث
حسب المكان
الإمبراطورية البيزنطية
- Emperor Constans II is paranoid about the ambitions of his younger brother, Theodosius, and has him murdered. Having attracted the hatred of the citizens of Constantinople, Constans decides to leave the Byzantine capital and moves to Syracuse (Sicily).
أوروبا
- The March of the Slavs, centred north of modern Klagenfurt, preserves independence and is first mentioned in historical sources, known as Carantania (Austria).
- Felix, patrician[1] of Toulouse, assumes the titles of Duke of Vasconia and Aquitaine. He is formally a vassal of the Franks, but rules "de facto" independently.[2][3]
Britain
- King Cenwalh of Wessex becomes dissatisfied with his local bishop, Agilbert of Dorchester, as he does not speak West-Saxon. Cenwalh splits the episcopal see of Wessex in two. Wine becomes the first bishop of Winchester, by the Saxons called Wintancestir.[4] Agilbert resigns in protest and travels north to Northumbria.
- King Sigeberht II of Essex is murdered by his brothers, Swithelm and Swithfrith, and other kinsmen for being "too ready to pardon his enemies"; that is to say, the Christians. Swithelm becomes king of Essex, with Swithfrith as joint-monarch for a period (approximate date).
- King Conall Crandomna of Dál Riata (modern Scotland) dies, and is succeeded by his nephew Domangart mac Domnaill.
كوريا
- July 9 – Battle of Hwangsanbeol: Sillan forces (50,000 men) led by general Kim Yu-shin defeat the army of Baekje at Nonsan. During the fighting general Gyebaek dies at the hand of the Sillan invaders.
- Baekje in southwestern Korea is conquered by an alliance of the Tang dynasty and Silla, led by general Su Dingfang and King Munmu of Silla. The Japanese envoys detained in Chang'an are paroled.
- Emperor Gao Zong suffers from an illness (possibly slow-poisoning). His wife Wu Zetian starts to rule the Chinese Empire.
اليابان
- Prince Naka no Ōe no Ōji of Japan makes a Japanese clock for the first time at Asuka, by which he causes the people to know the hours.
- After the fall of Sabi to the forces of Silla, the Yamato government sends envoys directly to the Chinese court for the first time
- The Baekje–Tang War begins, involving Yamato forces in support of the kingdoms of Baekje and Goguryeo
- Japanese forces, under command of Abe no Hirafu, massacre the Mishihase people in Hokkaido
- The capital of Japan moves from Asuka, Yamato (Okamoto Palace or Nochi no Asuka-Okamoto-no-miya) to Asakura, Fukuoka[5][6]
مواليد
- Acca, bishop of Hexham (approximate date)
- Genmei, empress of Japan (d. 721)
- John of Dailam, Syrian monk (d. 738)
- Leudwinus, Frankish bishop (approximate date)
- Rupert, bishop of Salzburg (approximate date)
- Yamanoue no Okura, Japanese poet (d. 733)
وفيات
 Saint Eligius |
- December 1 – Eligius, bishop and saint
- Boggis, Duke of Aquitaine (approximate date)
- Conall Crandomna, king of Dál Riata (Scotland)
- Gyebaek, general of Baekje (Korea)
- Magnus, bishop and governor of Avignon
- Sigebert III, king of Austrasia (or 656)
- Sigeberht II, king of Essex (approximate date)
- Xin Maojiang, chancellor of the Tang dynasty
المراجع
- ^ Lewis 1976, p. 388 n. 31.
- ^ Nicolle 2008, p. 16.
- ^ James 1977, p. 14.
- ^ Bede Book III, Chapter VII.
- ^ Asuka Historical Museum, Palaces of the Asuka Period," 1995; retrieved 2011-11-25.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1915). The Imperial Family of Japan, p. 24.
المصادر
- Bede. "Book III". Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Internet History Sourcebooks Project.
- James, Edward (1977). The Merovingian Archaeology of South-West Gaul, Volume 1. BAR Supplementary Series. Vol. 25. British Archaeological Reports.
- Lewis, Archibald R. (1976). "The Dukes in the Regnum Francorum, A.D. 550–751". Speculum. 51 (3): 381–410. doi:10.2307/2851704. JSTOR 2851704. S2CID 162248053.
- Nicolle, David (2008). Poitiers AD 732: Charles Martel Turns the Islamic Tide. Campaign Series. Vol. 190. Osprey Publishing.
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