چبق‌ساري
چبق‌ساري ( Cheboksary ؛ /ˌtʃɛbɒkˈsæri/؛ روسية: Чебокса́ры؛ بالچواشية: Шупашкар؛ لفظ شوپاش‌كار Şupaşkar) هي عاصمة تشوڤاشيا، روسيا وميناء على نهر الڤولگا.
چبق‌ساري
Чебоксары Cheboksary | |
|---|---|
| الترجمة اللفظية بالـ Other | |
| • Chuvash | Шупашкар |
 Left to right, top to bottom: A View of Red Square from Cheboksary Bay on Chuvash Republic Day; Hospital Square, Universitetskaya Street; Cheboksary Airport, Chapayev Monument on Chapayev Square; Chuvash State Agricultural Academy | |
 Flag .svg) Coat of arms | |
| النشيد: النشيد الوطني لچبق‌ساري[2][3] | |
Location of چبق‌ساري  | |
  چبق‌ساري Location of چبق‌ساري .svg) چبق‌ساري چبق‌ساري (روسيا الأوروپية)  چبق‌ساري چبق‌ساري (أوروپا) | |
| الإحداثيات: 56°09′N 47°14′E / 56.150°N 47.233°ECoordinates: 56°09′N 47°14′E / 56.150°N 47.233°E | |
| البلد | روسيا |
| الكيان الاتحادي | Chuvashia[1] |
| First mentioned | 1469[4] |
| مدينة status since | 1781[4] |
| الحكومة | |
| • الكيان | City Assembly of Deputies[5] |
| • Head[5] | Oleg Nikolayev[6] |
| المساحة | |
| • الإجمالي | 250٫9 كم² (96٫9 ميل²) |
| المنسوب | 150 m (490 ft) |
| التعداد | |
| • الإجمالي | 453٬721 |
| • Estimate (2018) | 492٬331 (+8٫5%) |
| • الترتيب | 39th in 2010 |
| • الكثافة | 1٬800/km2 (4٬700/sq mi) |
| • Subordinated to | المدينة ذات الحيثية الجمهورية چبق‌ساري[1] |
| • Capital of | جمهورية التشوڤاش[1] |
| • Capital of | چبق‌ساري، المدينة ذات الحيثية الجمهورية[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Cheboksary Urban Okrug[9] |
| • Capital of | Cheboksary Urban Okrug[9] |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+ ([10]) |
| Postal code(s)[11] | 428000–428006, 428008–428015, 428017–428025, 428027–428029,428031, 428032, 428034–428038, 428899, 428999, 996200 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8352 |
| OKTMO ID | 97701000001 |
| مدينة Day | ثالث أحد في أغسطس |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | gov |
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الجغرافيا
The city is located in the Volga Upland region and stands on the shore of the Cheboksary Reservoir. Its area is 250.9 square kilometers (96.9 sq mi).[7] The satellite city of Novocheboksarsk is located about 6 kilometers (3+1⁄2 mi) east of Cheboksary.
التاريخ
Cheboksary was first mentioned in written sources in 1469,[4] but according to archaeological excavations, the area had been populated much earlier. The site hosted a Bulgarian city of Veda Suvar, which appeared after Mongols defeated major Volga Bulgarian cities in the 13th century. During Khanate period the town is believed by some[من؟] to have had a Turkic (probably, Tatar[بحاجة لمصدر]) name Çabaqsar and that the current Russian and English names originate from it. However, in maps by European travelers it was marked as Cibocar (Pizzigano, 1367), Veda-Suar (Fra Mauro, 1459). Shupashkar, the Chuvash name literally means the "fortress of the Chuvash".
In 1555, the Russians built a fortress and established a settlement here. In 1625, there were 458 soldiers quartered in Cheboksary, and in 1646 there were 661 males living in the settlement. At the end of the 17th century, Cheboksary was regarded as a major commercial city of the Volga region, and in 1781 it was granted town status[4] within Kazan Governorate. In the beginning of the 19th century the population was about 5500, the town had a sawmill and several small manufactures.
In the 16th and the first half of the 17th century the Vvedensky cathedral, four monasteries and eight churches had been built, in the 18th century the stone buildings of treasury and archive, magistracy, court, and ten churches. In 1880, here were counted 783 houses (33 of them from stone), 91 stores, 3 schools, 2 hospitals, and a bank.[بحاجة لمصدر]
In the beginning of the 20th century, 5,100 people lived in Cheboksary. In 1965, the population was 163,000.
الوضع الإداري والبلدي
Cheboksary is the capital of the republic.[1] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with two urban-type settlements (Novye Lapsary and Sosnovka) and two rural localities, incorporated as the city of republic significance of Cheboksary—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Cheboksary is incorporated as Cheboksary Urban Okrug.[9]
أقسام المدينة
For administrative purposes, Cheboksary is divided into three city districts: Kalininsky, Leninsky, and Moskovsky.
السكان
Population: 453,721 (تعداد 2010);[8] 440,621 (تعداد 2002);[12] 419,592 (تعداد 1989).[13]
The city of Cheboksary together with the satellite city Novocheboksarsk forms a polycentric agglomeration with a population of more than 680 thousand people.
التركيبة العرقية
The population of Cheboksary consists mainly of the two following ethnic groups; the Chuvash (62%), and ethnic Russians (34%).[14] Mixed marriages are quite common.
الثقافة
Cheboksary possesses many cultural opportunities. These include the Public Order (Badge of Honor) Russian Drama Theater, a philharmonic orchestra, the Chuvash State Puppet Theater and numerous theaters (showing productions in both Russian and Chuvash languages). However, a very popular gathering place for the locals is the recently[when?] completed zaliv (bay), situated in the middle of the city. Cheboksary also has boardwalks and beaches along the Volga River, where people swim in the summer. There are also a number of heated pools, health clubs, and museums (including the Chuvash National Museum and Russia's only beer museum).[15]
Cheboksary hosted a language festival in 1996.
الرياضة
Cheboksary regularly hosts athletics meetings and racewalking events, including the 2008 IAAF World Race Walking Cup, the 2015 European Team Championships Super League, and the 2016 Russian athletics and masters athletics championships.[16] The 2016 IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships were moved from Cheboksary to Rome as part of IAAF sanctions against doping in Russia.
التعليم
Educational institutions include the Chuvash State University, Chuvash State Agriculture Academy, the Chuvash State Pedagogical University, and the Cheboksary Cooperative Technical School.
الاقتصاد
Cheboksary is located near the Cheboksary Dam generating up to 1,404 MW, with a reservoir of 2,274 square kilometers (878 sq mi). Cheboksary is the location of the headquarters of the Concern Tractor Plants, Russia's leading machine building company and one of the largest heavy mechanical engineering companies in the world.[15][17]
النقل
المواصلات العامة
An extensive system of trolleybuses, autobuses, and minibuses covers the city, providing quick, convenient access to all parts of the city. For those who prefer taxis, there are several taxi agencies available, but the favorite means of transportation among locals are so-called "Gypsy" cabs. In Russia, anybody who owns a car is potentially a taxi. This can be a convenient way to get around but it is also potentially dangerous. Official taxis cost less than 6 dollars for travel between most points within the city.[15]
النهر
Because the Volga River runs through Chuvashia, Cheboksary is a frequent stop on the many boat tours that travel along the major cities up and down the Volga. To the south, Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, Astrakhan, the Caspian Sea, and Black Sea are directly reachable. To the west, the Volga River connects Cheboksary with Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Moscow, and the northern regions of Russia. By using river-sea vessels, it is possible to take cargo from Chuvash riverports all the way to Saint Petersburg, Novorossiysk (on the Black Sea), Astrakhan, and ports situated on the Danube river. However, the river is frozen from December to April.[15]
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Air
The Cheboksary Airport (IATA CSY, ICAO UWKS, international airport since 1995) receives both cargo and passenger aircraft of practically all types and sizes. There are regularly scheduled flights to Moscow and other destinations. Chuvashia Airlines was based at this airport until operations ceased in 2009. Cheboksary is located about a four-hour drive from Strigino International Airport near Nizhny Novgorod, which offers more flight connections.
المناخ
The climate in the region is continental (Köppen: Dfb), and it is similar to the climate in Moscow, although colder in winter, which lasts from late November until late March with a permanent snow cover.
| بيانات مناخ Cheboksary (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1929–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 4.7 (40.5) |
5.0 (41) |
13.5 (56.3) |
28.6 (83.5) |
32.6 (90.7) |
36.4 (97.5) |
38.6 (101.5) |
39.9 (103.8) |
29.7 (85.5) |
25.0 (77) |
13.4 (56.1) |
7.0 (44.6) |
39٫9 (103٫8) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | -7.3 (18.9) |
-6.6 (20.1) |
-0.3 (31.5) |
9.9 (49.8) |
18.9 (66) |
22.5 (72.5) |
24.9 (76.8) |
22.5 (72.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
7.9 (46.2) |
-0.6 (30.9) |
-5.6 (21.9) |
8٫5 (47٫3) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | -10.0 (14) |
-9.6 (14.7) |
-3.6 (25.5) |
5.3 (41.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
19.7 (67.5) |
17.4 (63.3) |
11.7 (53.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
-2.8 (27) |
-8.0 (17.6) |
4٫6 (40٫3) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | -12.7 (9.1) |
-12.4 (9.7) |
-6.6 (20.1) |
1.3 (34.3) |
8.3 (46.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
13.0 (55.4) |
8.0 (46.4) |
2.1 (35.8) |
-4.8 (23.4) |
-10.4 (13.3) |
1٫1 (34) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | -42.3 (-44.1) |
-42.2 (-44) |
-32.5 (-26.5) |
-21.4 (-6.5) |
-5.1 (22.8) |
-4.8 (23.4) |
1.7 (35.1) |
-1.5 (29.3) |
-7.5 (18.5) |
-15.3 (4.5) |
-29.9 (-21.8) |
-44.3 (-47.7) |
−44٫3 (−47٫7) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 32 (1.26) |
24 (0.94) |
29 (1.14) |
33 (1.3) |
41 (1.61) |
64 (2.52) |
70 (2.76) |
59 (2.32) |
51 (2.01) |
58 (2.28) |
43 (1.69) |
36 (1.42) |
540 (21٫26) |
| % Humidity | 85 | 80 | 79 | 58 | 56 | 59 | 52 | 62 | 74 | 79 | 87 | 86 | 71 |
| Avg. rainy days | 2 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 20 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 127 |
| Avg. snowy days | 25 | 16 | 16 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 14 | 23 | 105 |
| Source: Погода и Климат[18] | |||||||||||||
معرض صور
The new Government House of the Chuvash Republic
The Chuvash State Opera and Ballet Theater
Chuvash State Art Museum
Chuvash National Library
Chuvashia Hotel
Chuvash Drama Theater
Assumption Church
Mother Patroness Monument in center of the city
Monument of Vasily Chapaev
Cheboksary railway station before reconstruction
Chuvash State Puppet Theater
Vvedensky Cathedral
Old house, architectural monument
the old house of the merchant Kadomtsev
The oldest pharmacy Cheboksary
Peasant's House
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أشخاص بارزون
- Yuri Yevlampyev (born 1966), former Russian professional footballer
بلدات توأم – مدن شقيقة
Cheboksary is twinned with:[19][20]
أفيون‌قرةحصار، تركيا
إگر، المجر
گرودنو، بلاروس
روندو، ناميبيا
سانتا كلارا، كوبا
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المراجع
ملاحظات
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ Law #28
- ^ Charter of Cheboksary, Article 4
- ^ Decision #1525
- ^ أ ب ت ث Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. pp. 510–512. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ^ أ ب Charter of Cheboksary, Article 23
- ^ Official website of Cheboksary. Leonid Ilyich Cherkesov, Head of the City of Cheboksary (in روسية)
- ^ أ ب Resolution #2083
- ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
{{cite web}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ أ ب ت Law #37
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in روسية)
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
{{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Национальный состав населения районов и городов Чувашской Республики по данным переписи населения 2002 года
- ^ أ ب ت ث Steven Brown and Olin Lagon (يونيو 2001). "Economic Overview of the Republic of Chuvashia". United States Peace Corps Business Development Volunteers in Chuvashia. Archived from the original on يوليو 4, 2005. Retrieved يناير 10, 2009.
- ^ Ebel, Francesca; Silchenko, Veronika (19 June 2016). "Despair and defiance as Russian athletes react to doping ban". Associated Press. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
- ^ "Company Profile". Concern Tractor Plants. Archived from the original on May 23, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
- ^ "Climate Cheboksary". Pogoda.ru.net. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
- ^ "Города - побратимы г. Чебоксары". gcheb.cap.ru (in الروسية). Cheboksary. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
- ^ "Kardeş Şehir Hamm". afyon.bel.tr (in التركية). Afyonkarahisar. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
المصادر
- قالب:RussiaAdmMunRef/cu/admlaw
- قالب:RussiaAdmMunRef/cu/munlist
- قالب:RussiaBasicLawRef/cu/cheboksary
- Чебоксарское городское Собрание депутатов. Решение №1525 от 24 декабря 2009 г. «О гимне муниципального образования города Чебоксары — столицы Чувашской Республики». (Cheboksary City Assembly of Deputies. Decision #1525 of December 24, 2009 On the Anthem of the Municipal Formation of the City of Cheboksary—the Capital of the Chuvash Republic).
- Администрация города Чебоксары Чувашской Республики. Постановление №2083 от 1 июля 2013 г. «О социальном паспорте города Чебоксары за 2012 год». (Administration of the City of Cheboksary of the Chuvash Republic. Resolution #2083 of July 1, 2013 On the 2012 Social Passport of the City of Cheboksary).
وصلات خارجية
- Official website of Cheboksary (in روسية)
- Cheboksary Business Directory (in روسية)
- Photos from Cheboksary