المعرفة

ستاڤانگر

ستاڤانگر (نرويجية: Stavanger، النطق الإنگليزي: /stəˈvaŋə/؛ النطق النرويجي: [stɑˈʋɑŋər] ( استمع)) هي مدينة وبلدية في جنوب النرويج. Although the fourth largest city, Stavanger is the third largest urban zone in Norway[3] and the administrative centre of Rogaland county. Located on the Stavanger peninsula in Southwest Norway, Stavanger counts its official founding year as 1125, the year the Stavanger cathedral was completed. Stavanger's core is to a large degree 17th and 18th century wooden houses that are considered part of the city's cultural heritage and these are hence protected. This has caused the town centre and inner city to retain a small-town character, and even after the city's rapid growth in the 1970s onwards, the urbanization of the city center has been limited and a large share of the population still lives in detached houses.[4]

ستاڤانگر
Stavanger
أعلى:View of Valberg Tower and Kartblad waterfront area، وسط اليسار:Pulpit Rock in Ryfylke area، وسط:تمثال في معركة هافرس‌فيورد، وسط اليمين:Gamle area, أسفل:View of Vagen and Stavanger area
أعلى:View of Valberg Tower and Kartblad waterfront area، وسط اليسار:Pulpit Rock in Ryfylke area، وسط:تمثال في معركة هافرس‌فيورد، وسط اليمين:Gamle area, أسفل:View of Vagen and Stavanger area
درع ستاڤانگر
Coat of arms
الكنية: 
عاصمة النفط
ستاڤانگر is located in Norway
ستاڤانگر
ستاڤانگر
الإحداثيات: 58°57′48″N 5°43′8″E / 58.96333°N 5.71889°E / 58.96333; 5.71889Coordinates: 58°57′48″N 5°43′8″E / 58.96333°N 5.71889°E / 58.96333; 5.71889
البلدالنرويج
البلديةStavanger
المقاطعةروگالاند
الناحيةJæren
تأسست1125
الحكومة
 • العمدةChristine Sagen Helgø
المساحة
 • المدينة71 كم² (27 ميل²)
 • الحضر
77٫98 كم² (30٫11 ميل²)
 • العمران
2٬598 كم² (1٬003 ميل²)
التعداد
 (2011)
 • المدينة126٬469
 • الكثافة1٬800/km2 (4٬600/sq mi)
 • Urban
197٬852
 • الكثافة الحضرية2٬500/km2 (6٬600/sq mi)
 • العمرانية
297٬569
 • الكثافة العمرانية110/km2 (300/sq mi)
 • Municipality/ Urban rank
4th/3rd
 • Metro rank
3rd
صفة المواطنSiddis
Ethnic groups
[1]
 • Norwegians94.8%
 • Poles1.4%
 • British1.1%
 • Turks0.9%
 • Somalis0.6%
منطقة التوقيتUTC+1 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+2 (CEST)
الموقع الإلكترونيstavanger.kommune.no
Stavanger Municipality
Stavanger kommune
بلدية
علم Stavanger Municipality
Flag
درع Stavanger Municipality
Coat of arms
Stavanger داخل روگالاند
Stavanger داخل روگالاند
البلدالنرويج
المقاطعةروگالاند
منطقة التوقيتUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-1103
Data from Statistics Norway
التعداد التاريخي
السنةتعداد±%
17693٬337—    
195150٬617+1416.8%
196052٬835+4.4%
197081٬741+54.7%
198089٬913+10.0%
199097٬570+8.5%
2000108٬818+11.5%
2010123٬850+13.8%
Source: Statistics Norway[1][2]

The city's rapid population growth in the late 1900s was primarily a result of Norway's booming offshore oil industry. Today the oil industry is a key industry in the Stavanger region and the city is widely referred to as the Oil Capital of Norway.[5] The largest company in the Nordic region,[6] Norwegian energy company Statoil is headquartered in Stavanger. Multiple educational institutions for higher education are located in Stavanger. The largest of these is the University of Stavanger, which offers doctorates in Petroleum Technology and Offshore Technology among others.

Domestic and international military installations are located in Stavanger, and among these is NATO's Joint Warfare Center. Other international establishments, and especially local branches of foreign oil and gas companies, contribute further to a significant foreign population in the city. Immigrants make up 11.3% of Stavanger's population.[7] Stavanger has since the early 2000s consistently had an unemployment rate significantly lower than the Norwegian and European average. In 2011, the unemployment rate was less than 2%.[8] The city is also among those that frequent various lists of expensive cities in the world, and Stavanger has even been ranked as the world's most expensive city by certain indexes.[9][10][11]

Stavanger is served by international airport Stavanger Airport, Sola, which offers flights to cities in most major European states, as well as a limited number of intercontinental charter flights. The airport was named most punctual European regional airport by flightstats.com in 2010.[12]

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التاريخ

 
Stavanger domkirke, the oldest cathedral in Norway.


أصل الاسم

The Old Norse form of the name was Stafangr. The origin of the name has been discussed for decades, and the most used interpretation is that it originally was the name of the inlet now called Vågen which was the original of the city on the east shore of the bay.

الأحياء السكنية

 
Boroughs of Stavanger

Stavanger is officially partitioned into 22 parts and 218 subparts. Stavanger is also divided into 7 boroughs.[13]

الاقتصاد

 
The oil industry is the backbone of Stavanger's economy.

الثقافة

عاصمة الثقافة الاوروبية 2008

 
An aerial view of Stavanger's city center.
 
View over Breiavatnet towards the inner harbour Vågen in Stavanger.
 
European Capital of Culture 2008 - Opening parade in January 2008.

المناخ

بيانات مناخ ستاڤانگر (1961-90)
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 3
(37) 		3
(37) 		5
(41) 		9
(48) 		14
(57) 		16
(61) 		18
(64) 		18
(64) 		15
(59) 		11
(52) 		7
(45) 		5
(41) 		10٫3
(50٫5)
الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) -1
(30) 		-1
(30) 		0
(32) 		3
(37) 		7
(45) 		9
(48) 		12
(54) 		12
(54) 		10
(50) 		7
(45) 		4
(39) 		2
(36) 		5٫3
(41٫5)
هطول mm (inches) 92
(3.62) 		66
(2.6) 		75
(2.95) 		50
(1.97) 		68
(2.68) 		73
(2.87) 		91
(3.58) 		115
(4.53) 		156
(6.14) 		148
(5.83) 		136
(5.35) 		110
(4.33) 		1٬180
(46٫46)
Sunshine hours 48 79 140 168 226 222 197 159 141 80 45 33 1٬538٫
Source: climatedata[14]

أبرز الأشخاص

تصنيف رئيسي: People from Stavanger

بلدات توأم - مدن شقيقة

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway

Stavanger has several sister cities; they are:


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الهامش

  1. ^ "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents by country of birth1, (the 20 largest groups).Selected municipalities.1 January 2009". Statistics Norway. Retrieved 2010-06-01.[dead link]
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ^ "Statistics Norway: Conurbations ranked after area and population". Statistics Norway (in Norwegian). Ssb.no. 09-01-01. Retrieved 2009-09-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ page 84 "Boforhold, flytting og befolkningsutvikling i storbyene" (in Norwegian). sintef.no. 00-01-01. Retrieved 2012-06-05. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. ^ Stavanger - The Norwegian Petroleum Capital
  6. ^ "The Global 2000". Forbes. 2010-04-21.
  7. ^ Facts on Stavanger's immigrant population "Fakta om innvandrer- befolkningen i Stavanger" (PDF) (in Norwegian). imdi.no. 2007. Retrieved 2012-06-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ "Stavangerstatistikken - arbeidsløshet" (in Norwegian). stavanger.kommune.no. 2012-06-06. Retrieved 2012-06-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. ^ "The World's Most Expensive Cities 2010". businessweek.com. 2011. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
  10. ^ "Numbeo Costs of Living". numbeo.com. 2012-06-06. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
  11. ^ Results from ECA International survey "And the world's most expensive city for expats is ... Tokyo". numbeo.com. 2011-12-07. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
  12. ^ "2010 Airports - Best On-time Performance Awards". flightstats.com. 2011. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
  13. ^ List of boroughs in Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim and Stavanger
  14. ^ "Climate Stavanger". Climatedata. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help); Unknown parameter |url http://www.climatedata.eu/climate.php?loc= ignored (help)
  15. ^ "Twinning". Aberdeen City Council. Retrieved 2008-03-02.


وصلات خارجية

قالب:Rogaland

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