جيوب حدود بنگلادش-الهند
جيوب حدود بنگلادش والهند، تعرف أيضاً باسم chitmahals (بالبنغالية: ছিটমহল chitmôhol) وتسمى أحياناً جيوب پاشا،[1] هي جيوب على إمتداد الحدود البنگلادشية الهندية، في بنگلادش وولايات الهند في غرب البنغال، تريپورا، أسام ومغلايا. يوجد 102 بنگلادش داخل الأراضي الهندية، والتي تحتوي بدورها على 21 جيب بنگلادشي مقابل، إحداهما يحتوي الجيب الهندي المقابل-المقابل- ثالث جيب في العالم فقط. داخل البر الهندي يوجد 71 جيب بنگلادشي، يحتوي على 3 جيوب هندية مقابلة. حسب تقدير مشترك في 2010، هناك 51.549 شخص يقيمون في هذه الجيوب: 37.334 في الجيوب الهندي في بنگلادش و14.215 في الجيوب البنگلادشية في الهند.[2][3]
خريطة كاملة للجيوب. أعلى الخريطة هو الشرق، الهند باللون البرتقالي وبنگلادش باللون السيان.
وقع رئيسي وزراء الهند وبنگلادش في 1974 اتفاقية حدود برية لتبادل الجيوب وتيسير حدودهما الدولية. النسخة المنقحة من الاتفاقية تم تبنيها من البلدين في 7 مايو 2015، عندما صدق البرلمان الهندي على التعديل 100 من الدستور الهندي.[4][5] بموجب هذه الاتفاقية، والتي تم التصديق عليها في 6 يونيو 2015، حصلت الهند على 51 جيب بنگلادشي (بمساحة 2.880 هكتار) في البر الهندي، بينما حصلت بنگلادش على 111 جيب هندي (بمساحة 6.940 هكتار) في البر البنگلادشي.[6] الجيوب المقابلة، مع دهاگرام-أنگارپوتا، لم يتم تبادلها عند الانتهاء من اتفاقية إنديرا-مجيب 1974.[2] لم يُسمح لمقيمي الجيوب بالإقامة في مكانهم الحالي أو الانتقال للبلد الذي يختارونه.[7] سيتم تنفيذ التبادل المادي للجيوب في المرحلة التي تبدأ ما بين 31 يوليو و30 يونيو 2016. [8] تم تبادل الجيوب في منتصف 31 يوليو 2015 ومن المتوقع أن يكتمل نقل المقيمين في الجيوب في 30 نوفمبر 2015.[9] بعد اتفاقية الحدود البرية، خسرت الهند ما يقارب 40 كم² (10,000 هكتار) لصالح بنگلادش.[10][11]
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التاريخ
الاتفاقية
أشهر الجيوب الحدودية
Enclave #51, Dahala Khagrabari, was the world's only third-order enclave before India ceded it to Bangladesh in 2015. It was a piece of India within Bangladesh, within India, within Bangladesh. Less than 7,000 square metres (0.70 ha; 1.7 acres), in area and was the site of a jute field. 28 smaller enclaves existed within the overall complex. (Maps)
قائمة الجيوب السابقة
بنگلادش
| الجيوب البنگلادش داخل الأراضي الهندية[2][5] | المساحة (كم2) | المساحة(ميل2) | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|
 Dahagram-Angarpota |
18.684 | 7.214 | Largest composite exclave of Bangladesh within India, comprises the contiguous Dahagram and Angarpota chhits. |
| Dahagram❋ |
15.690 | 6.058 | Largest chhit of Bangladesh, part of the Dahagram-Angarpota composite exclave within India. |
| Nalgram |
7.705 | 2.975 | Composite exclave of Bangladesh within India, comprises the contiguous Falnapur and Nalgram (#52) chhits. |
| Nalgram (#52)❋ |
5.655 | 2.183 | Part of the Nalgram composite exclave within India (area includes 2 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave, each also named Nalgram (#53, #54)). Surrounds the Indian counter-enclave, Nalgram Chhit (#111). |
| Nalgram (#53) |
see #52 | see #52 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Nalgram (#52). |
| Nalgram (#54) |
see #52 | see #52 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Nalgram (#52). |
| Angarpota❋ |
2.994 | 1.156 | Part of the Dahagram-Angarpota composite exclave within India. |
| Dakshin Masaldanga |
<2.797 | <1.080 | Composite exclave of Bangladesh within India, comprises the contiguous Kachua and Dakshin Masaldanga (#74) chhits. |
| Poaturkuthi |
2.387 | 0.922 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Batrigach (#59) |
2.337 | 0.902 | First-order enclave within India (area includes the smaller Batrigach (#60), itself an exclave and true enclave). Surrounds the Indian counter-enclave, Madnakura Chhit in Bhoti Nath Batrigach. |
| Batrigach (#60) |
see #59 | see #59 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Batrigach (#59). |
| Dakshin Masaldanga (#74)❋ |
2.312 | 0.893 | Part of the Dakshin Masaldanga composite exclave (along with Kachua chhit) within India; area includes 6 other smaller chhits, each also named Dakshin Masaldanga (#73, 75, 76, 77, 78 & 90), each itself an exclave and true enclave. |
| Dakshin Masaldanga (#73) |
see #74 | see #74 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Dakshin Masaldanga (#74). |
| Dakshin Masaldanga (#75) |
see #74 | see #74 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Dakshin Masaldanga (#74). |
| Dakshin Masaldanga (#76) |
see #74 | see #74 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Dakshin Masaldanga (#74). |
| Dakshin Masaldanga (#77) |
see #74 | see #74 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Dakshin Masaldanga (#74). |
| Dakshin Masaldanga (#78) |
see #74 | see #74 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Dakshin Masaldanga (#74). |
| Dakshin Masaldanga (#90) |
see #74 | see #74 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Dakshin Masaldanga (#74). |
| Falnapur❋ |
2.050 | 0.792 | Part of the Nalgram composite exclave within India. |
| Sibprasad Mustafi (#67) |
1.510 | 0.583 | First-order enclave within India (area includes the smaller Sibprasad Mustafi (#68), itself an exclave and true enclave). |
| Sibprasad Mustafi (#68) |
see #67 | see #67 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Sibprasad Mustafi (#67). |
| Chhit Kuchlibari |
1.500 | 0.579 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Bala Pukhari |
1.342 | 0.518 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Karala (#63) |
1.092 | 0.422 | First-order enclave within India (area includes 2 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave, each also named Karala (#64, #65)). |
| Karala (#64) |
see #63 | see #63 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Karala (#63). |
| Karala (#65) |
see #63 | see #63 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Karala (#63). |
| Kismat Batrigach |
0.850 | 0.328 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Dhabalsati Mirgipur |
0.704 | 0.272 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Upan Chowki Bhajni, 111 |
0.685 | 0.264 | Counter-exclave surrounded by and sharing borders with two contiguous Indian chhits, Balapara Khagrabari (#42) and Kothajni (#43) (both within the composite exclave named "Balapara Khagrabari" in the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh). |
| Purba Masaldanga (#87) |
0.623 | 0.241 | First-order enclave within India (area includes the smaller Purba Masaldanga (#86), itself an exclave and true enclave). A map from the 1930s and a 1940 source[12] imply that Purba Masaldanga (#86) and (#87) form a single enclave. However, topographic mapping and other sources suggest two enclaves, as listed here, but if joined, they are connected across the narrowest gap separating them, along a beel (marshy former river course).[2] |
| Purba Masaldanga (#86) |
see #87 | see #87 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Purba Masaldanga (#87). |
| Paschim Bakalir Chhara |
0.615 | 0.237 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Madhya Masaldanga |
0.553 | 0.214 | First-order enclave within India. Surrounds the Indian counter-enclave, Chhit Seoruguri. |
| Mahishmari |
0.497 | 0.192 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Kachua❋ |
0.485 | 0.187 | Part of the Dakshin Masaldanga composite exclave (along with Dakshin Masaldanga #74) within India. |
| Upan Chowki Bhajni, 110 |
0.449 | 0.173 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Dahala Khagrabari (#47), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. It surrounds the only counter-counter-enclave in the world, Dahala Khagrabari (#51). |
| Chhit Panbari |
0.439 | 0.169 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Jote Nijjama |
0.354 | 0.137 | First-order enclave within India; although not definite, it possibly forms an international quadripoint (one point in common with four different areas) of Bangladesh and India: two parts of Patgram thana (main part and the Jote Nijjama enclave itself) in Lalmonirhat District and two parts of Mekhliganj thana in Mekhliganj subdivision, Cooch Behar District, India. |
| Chhat Tilai |
0.330 | 0.127 | First-order enclave within India, straddling the border of Cooch Behar District (West Bengal) and Dhubri District (Assam). |
| Upan Chowki Bhajni, 22 |
0.292 | 0.113 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Dahala Khagrabari (#47), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Chhit Land of Jagatber No. 3 |
0.283 | 0.109 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Chhit Dhabalsati |
0.269 | 0.104 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Dhabalsati (#32) |
0.245 | 0.095 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Baikunthapur Teldhar (#4) |
0.210 | 0.081 | First-order enclave within Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal, India (area includes 2 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave, each also named Baikunthapur Teldhar (#3, #5)). |
| Baikunthapur Teldhar (#3) |
see #4 | see #4 | First-order enclave within Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal, India (area combined with that shown for the larger Baikunthapur Teldhar (#4)). |
| Baikunthapur Teldhar (#5) |
see #4 | see #4 | First-order enclave within Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal, India (area combined with that shown for the larger Baikunthapur Teldhar (#4)). |
| Chhit Nalgram (#55) |
0.200 | 0.077 | First-order enclave within India (area includes Chhit Nalgram (#56), itself an exclave and true enclave). |
| Chhit Nalgram (#56) |
see #55 | see #55 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for Chhit Nalgram (#55). |
| Uttar Bansjani |
0.191 | 0.074 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Chhit Bhandardaha |
0.162 | 0.063 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Upan Chowki Bhajni, 113 |
0.148 | 0.057 | Counter-exclave surrounded by and sharing a border with two contiguous Indian exclaves, Balapara Khagrabari (#42) and Kothajni (#43) (both within the composite exclave named "Balapara Khagrabari" in the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh). |
| Purba Chhit Masaldanga (#84) |
0.142 | 0.055 | First-order enclave within India (area includes the smaller Purba Chhit Masaldanga (#83), itself an exclave and true enclave). |
| Purba Chhit Masaldanga (#83) |
see #84 | see #84 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Purba Chhit Masaldanga (#84). |
| Bara Saradubi |
0.141 | 0.054 | First-order enclave within India; forms an international quadripoint (one point in common with four different areas) of Bangladesh and India: two parts of Hatibandha thana (main part and the Bara Saradubi enclave itself) in Lalmonirhat District and two parts of Sitalkuchi thana in Mathabhanga subdivision, Cooch Behar District, India. |
| Chandrakhan |
0.140 | 0.054 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian true enclave/exclave, Dasiar Chhara (#117), located within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh. |
| Madhya Bakalir Chhara |
0.132 | 0.051 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Chhit Land of Jagatber No. 1 |
0.124 | 0.048 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Chhit Kokoabari |
0.1193 | 0.0461 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Paschim Masaldanga (#79) |
0.1193 | 0.0461 | First-order enclave within India (area includes Paschim Masaldanga (#80), itself an exclave and true enclave). |
| Paschim Masaldanga (#80) |
see #79 | see #79 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for Paschim Masaldanga (#79). |
| Uttar Masaldanga |
0.1104 | 0.0426 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Chhit Land of Jagatber No. 2 |
0.1096 | 0.0423 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Chhit Land of Dhabalguri No. 2 |
0.1086 | 0.0419 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Bansua Khamar Gitaldaha |
0.0993 | 0.0383 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Uttar Dhaldanga (#93) |
0.0966 | 0.0373 | First-order enclave within India (area includes 2 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave, each also named Uttar Dhaldanga (#92, #94)). |
| Uttar Dhaldanga (#92) |
see #93 | see #93 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Uttar Dhaldanga (#93). |
| Uttar Dhaldanga (#94) |
see #93 | see #93 | First-order enclave within India, area combined with that shown for the larger Uttar Dhaldanga (#93). |
| Chhit Dhabalguri |
0.0903 | 0.0349 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Durgapur |
0.0848 | 0.0327 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Nazirganj (#10) |
0.0799 † | 0.0308 † | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Bewladanga (#39), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Teldhar (#1) |
0.0586 | 0.0226 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian true enclave/exclave, Garati (#1), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh (area includes the smaller Teldhar (#2), itself an exclave and true enclave). |
| Teldhar (#2) |
see #1 | see #1 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian true enclave/exclave, Garati (#1), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Teldhar (#1). |
| Upan Chowki Bhajni, 112 |
0.0571 | 0.0220 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Kothajni (#43), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Chhit Land of Dhabalguri No. 1 |
0.0565 | 0.0218 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Dhabalguri |
0.0506 | 0.0195 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Purba Bakalir Chhara |
0.0495 | 0.0191 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Madhya Chhit Masaldanga |
0.0480 | 0.0185 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Jongra |
0.0334 | 0.0129 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian true enclave/exclave, Banskata (#93), located within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Paschim Chhit Masaldanga |
0.0308 | 0.0119 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Debi Doba |
0.0302 | 0.0117 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Dahala Khagrabari (#47), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Nazirganj −29 |
0.0265 | 0.0102 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian true enclave/exclave, Nazirganj (#27), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Debottar Saldanga |
0.0247 | 0.0095 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Bewladanga (#39), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Chhit Land of Dhabalguri No. 4 |
0.0184 | 0.0071 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Chhit Land of Dhabalguri No. 5 |
0.0167 | 0.0064 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Bamandal |
0.0089 | 0.0034 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Chhit Land of Kuchlibari |
0.0074 | 0.0029 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Upan Chowki Bhajni, 99 |
0.0071 | 0.0027 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Kothajni (#43), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Dhabalsati (#33) |
0.0065 | 0.0025 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Bara Khangir (#66), located within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Nazirganj (#8) |
0.0062 † | 0.0024 † | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Shalbari (#35), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Upan Chowki Bhajni, 13 |
0.0054 | 0.0021 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Kothajni (#43), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Chhit Land of Dhabalguri No. 3 |
0.0054 | 0.0021 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Amjhol |
0.0051 | 0.0020 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Chhit Land of Panbari No. 2 |
0.0046 | 0.0018 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Nazirganj −30 |
0.0046 | 0.0018 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian true enclave/exclave, Nazirganj (#19), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Srirampur |
0.0042 | 0.0016 | First-order enclave within India. |
| Upan Chowki Bhajni, 15 |
0.0041 | 0.0016 | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Dahala Khagrabari (#47), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Nazirganj (#9) |
0.00291 † | 0.00112 † | Counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Shalbari (#35), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Upan Chowki Bhajni, 24 |
0.00287 | 0.00111 | Smallest known chhit of Bangladesh, a counter-enclave surrounded by an Indian exclave, Kothajni (#43), located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
- ❋ This chhit is part of a composite enclave and by itself is neither an enclave nor an exclave.
- † Stated size may not be exact.[2]
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الهند
| الجيوب الهندية داخل الأراضي البنگلادشية[2][5] | المساحة (كم2) | المساحة (ميل2) | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|
 Balapara Khagrabari |
25.952 | 10.020 | Composite exclave of India, bordering the Panchagarh and Nilphamari Districts, Bangladesh, comprises the contiguous Dahala Khagrabari (#47), Kothajni (#43) and Balapara Khagrabari (#42) chhits (area includes 6 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave: 3 also named Dahala Khagrabari (#48, #49, #50) and 3 also named Kothajni (#44, #45, #46)). |
| Shalbari |
14.091 | 5.441 | Composite exclave of India within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, comprises the contiguous Shalbari (#35), Bewladanga (#39), Kajal Dighi, Daikhata Chhat, Nataoka (#37) and Nataoka (#38) chhits. |
| Dahala Khagrabari (#47)❋ |
10.717 | 4.138 | Largest chhit of India, part of Balapara Khagrabari composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh (area includes 3 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave, each also named Dahala Khagrabari (#48, #49, #50)). |
| Dahala Khagrabari (#48) |
see #47 | see #47 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Dahala Khagrabari (#47). |
| Dahala Khagrabari (#49) |
see 47 | see #47 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Dahala Khagrabari (#47). |
| Dahala Khagrabari (#50) |
see #47 | see #47 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Dahala Khagrabari (#47). |
| Kothajni (#43)❋ |
8.143 | 3.144 | Part of Balapara Khagrabari composite exclave, bordering the Panchagarh and Nilphamari Districts, Bangladesh (area includes 3 other smaller chhits, each itself an exclave and true enclave, each also named Kothajni (#44, #45, #46)). |
| Kothajni (#44) |
see #43 | see #43 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Kothajni (#43). |
| Kothajni (#45) |
see #43 | see #43 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Kothajni (#43). |
| Kothajni (#46) |
see #43 | see #43 | First-order exclave bordering the Panchagarh and Nilphamari Districts, Bangladesh, area combined with that shown for the larger Kothajni (#43). |
| Balapara Khagrabari (#42)❋ |
7.092 | 2.738 | Part of Balapara Khagrabari composite exclave, bordering the Panchagarh District and Nilphamari Districts, Bangladesh. |
| Dasiar Chhara |
6.651 | 2.568 | First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh. |
| Shalbari (#35)❋ |
4.811 | 1.858 | Part of Shalbari composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Garati (#1) |
3.920 | 1.514 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Bewladanga (#39)❋ |
3.479 | 1.343 | Part of Shalbari composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Kajal Dighi❋ |
3.122 | 1.205 | Part of Shalbari composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Daikhata Chhat❋ |
2.020 | 0.780 | Part of Shalbari composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#33) |
1.758 | 0.679 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#93) |
1.675 | 0.647 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Kamat Changrabandha |
1.626 | 0.628 | Composite exclave of India within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh, comprises the contiguous Bhotbari (#74), Panisala (#77) and Kamat Changrabandha (#75, #76) chhits. |
| Banskata (#97) |
1.275 | 0.492 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Lotamari (#83) |
1.147 | 0.443 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Kharkharia |
0.904 | 0.349 | Composite exclave of India within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh, comprises the contiguous Lotamari (#73), Kharkharia (#71) and Kharkharia (#72) chhits. |
| Bans Pachai |
0.879 | 0.339 | First-order exclave bordering the Lalmonirhat and Kurigram Districts, Bangladesh. |
| Bhotbari (#74)❋ |
0.831 | 0.321 | Part of Kamat Changrabandha composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Natatoka (#37)❋ |
0.657 | 0.254 | Part of Shalbari composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Panisala (#77)❋ |
0.557 | 0.215 | Part of Kamat Changrabandha composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Bara Khangir |
0.523 | 0.202 | Composite exclave of India within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh, comprises the contiguous Bara Khangir (#66) and Chhat Bagdokra chhits. |
| Gotamuri Chhit (#112) |
0.512 | 0.198 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Putimari |
0.497 | 0.192 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Lotamari (#73)❋ |
0.449 | 0.173 | Part of Kharkharia composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Lotamari (#84) |
0.400 | 0.154 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Bara Khangir (#66)❋ |
0.354 | 0.137 | Part of Bara Khangir composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Bans Pachai Bhitarkuthi |
0.331 | 0.128 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja |
0.309 | 0.119 | Composite exclave of India within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh, comprises the contiguous Najirgonja (#28, #29, #30, #31) chhits. |
| Garati (#3) |
0.298 | 0.115 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#27) |
0.297 | 0.115 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Panisala (#81) |
0.262 | 0.101 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Kharkharia (#71)❋ |
0.246 | 0.095 | Part of Kharkharia composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Ratanpur |
0.238 | 0.092 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#32) |
0.236 | 0.091 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Garati (#6) |
0.236 | 0.091 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#96) |
0.234 | 0.090 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Chhat Bhothat |
0.227 | 0.088 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Balapukhari |
0.226 | 0.087 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#19) |
0.219 | 0.085 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#31)❋ |
0.216 | 0.083 | Part of Najirgonja composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Kharkharia (#72)❋ |
0.209 | 0.081 | Part of Kharkharia composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Panisala (#82) |
0.208 | 0.080 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Bara Khangir (#65) |
0.204 | 0.079 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#25) |
0.198 | 0.076 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. Najirgonja (#25) and (#26) are shown joined as one in pre-1947 maps, but as separate in 1991 Indian census maps.[2][13] |
| Dwarikamari (#86) |
0.185 | 0.071 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Seotikursa |
0.185 | 0.071 | First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh. |
| Uponchowki Kuhlibari (#62) |
0.178 | 0.069 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Kamat Changrabandha (#75)❋ |
0.173 | 0.067 | Part of Kamat Changrabandha composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Chhat Bagdokra❋ |
0.169 | 0.065 | Part of Bara Khangir composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Bara Gaochulka |
0.162 | 0.063 | First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh. |
| Dwarikamari (#85) |
0.160 | 0.062 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Bhotbari (#63) |
0.149 | 0.058 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Bara Khanki Kharija Gitaldaha (#54) |
0.149 | 0.058 | First-order enclave within the Nilphamari District of Bangladesh. |
| Dwarikamarikhasbash |
0.148 | 0.057 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Chhoto Guraljhara I |
0.145 | 0.056 | First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh. |
| Madnakura Chhit in Bhoti Nath Batrigach |
0.144 | 0.056 | Counter-enclave surrounded by a Bangladeshi true enclave/exclave, Batrigach (#59), located within Cooch Behar District of West Bengal state, India. |
| Nagarjikabari |
0.135 | 0.052 | First-order enclave within the Nilphamari District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#100) |
0.134 | 0.052 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Shahebganj |
0.128 | 0.049 | First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#104) |
0.125 † | 0.048 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#94) |
0.1244 | 0.0480 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Barakhangir |
0.1236 | 0.0477 | First-order enclave within the Nilphamari District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#99) |
0.1182 | 0.0456 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Bagdokra |
0.1032 | 0.0398 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#109) |
0.0986 † | 0.0381 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#88) |
0.0904 | 0.0349 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Kalamati |
0.0858 | 0.0331 | First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#90) |
0.0853 | 0.0329 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Gotamuri Chhit (#113) |
0.0810 | 0.0313 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Panisala (#80) |
0.0729 | 0.0281 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Garati (#4) |
0.0728 | 0.0281 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. Garati (#4) and (#5) are shown joined as one enclave in pre-1947 topographic maps, in which the smaller (#5) adjoins the northern boundary of the larger (#4). Later sources (1991 Indian census maps[13] and Banerjee, 1966[14]) depict them as separate.[2] |
| Najirgonja (#29)❋ |
0.0726 | 0.0280 | Part of Najirgonja composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Chhoto Guraljhara II |
0.0722 | 0.0279 | First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#108) |
0.0686 † | 0.0265 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Kamat Changrabandha (#76)❋ |
0.0648 | 0.0250 | Part of Kamat Changrabandha composite exclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Dakurhat Dakinir Kuthi |
0.0577 | 0.0223 | First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#16) |
0.0575 | 0.0222 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#101) |
0.0515 † | 0.0199 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Dighaltari I |
0.0498 | 0.0192 | First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#26) |
0.0493 | 0.0190 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. Najirgonja (#25) and (#26) are shown joined as one in pre-1947 maps, but as separate in 1991 Indian census maps.[2][13] |
| Banskata (#95) |
0.0492 | 0.0190 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#89) |
0.0484 | 0.0187 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Gaochulka I |
0.0361 | 0.0139 | First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh. |
| Dighaltari II |
0.0357 | 0.0138 | First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#17) |
0.0335 | 0.0129 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Chenakata |
0.0316 † | 0.0122 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Bara Khanki Kharija Gitaldaha (#53) |
0.0312 | 0.0120 | First-order enclave within the Nilphamari District of Bangladesh. |
| Shingimari Part I |
0.0246 ± 0.0013 | 0.00950 ± 0.00050 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Kuchlibari (#57) |
0.0234 | 0.0090 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Jamaldaha Balapukhari |
0.0212 † | 0.082 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#24) |
0.0204 † | 0.0079 † | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Nalgram Chhit |
0.0191 | 0.0074 | Counter-enclave surrounded by a Bangladeshi exclave, Nalgram (#52), located within Cooch Behar District of West Bengal state, India. |
| Bara Kuchlibari |
0.0176 † | 0.0068 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#28)❋ |
0.01574 | 0.00608 | Part of Najirgonja composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#20) |
0.01566 † | 0.00605 † | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Bewladanga (#40) |
0.01097 | 0.00424 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#103) |
0.01032 † | 0.00398 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Chhit Seoruguri |
0.01016 | 0.00392 | Smallest Indian counter-enclave, surrounded by a Bangladeshi true enclave/exclave, Madhya Masaldanga, located within Cooch Behar District of West Bengal state, India. |
| Banskata (#102) |
0.00943 † | 0.00364 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Kuchlibari (#58) |
0.00826 | 0.00319 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Garati (#2) |
0.00704 | 0.00272 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Dahala Khagrabari (#51) |
0.00688 | 0.00266 | Dahala Khagrabari (#51) is the only counter-counter enclave in the world. It is surrounded by Upanchowki Bhajni 110, a Bangladeshi counter-enclave within the Indian composite exclave named Balapara Khagrabari, which is surrounded by the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. Dahala Khagrabari (#51) is not part of the Balapara Khagrabari composite exclave, as it is not contiguous to it and borders only Bangladesh. |
| Bhogramguri |
0.00583 † | 0.00225 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#106) |
0.00563 † | 0.00217 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#107) |
0.00554 † | 0.00214 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja Chhit (#30)❋ |
0.00433 | 0.00167 | Part of Najirgonja composite exclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#22) |
0.00421 † | 0.00163 † | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#21) |
0.00413 † | 0.00159 † | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Gaochulka II |
0.00364 | 0.00141 | First-order enclave within the Kurigram District of Bangladesh. |
| Fulker Dabri |
0.00356 † | 0.00137 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Bewladanga Chhat (#41) |
0.00336 † | 0.00130 † | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Garati (#5) |
0.00320 | 0.00124 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. Garati (#4) and (#5) are shown joined as one enclave in pre-1947 topographic maps, in which the smaller (#5) adjoins the northern boundary of the larger (#4). Later sources (1991 Indian census maps[13] and Banerjee, 1966[14]) depict them as separate.[2] |
| Najirgonja (#23) |
0.00312 † | 0.00120 † | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#98) |
0.00312 | 0.00120 | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#105) |
0.00259 † | 0.00100 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Najirgonja (#15) |
0.00210 | 0.00081 † | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Dahala Khagrabari (#52) |
0.00178 | 0.00069 | First-order enclave within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh. |
| Uponchowki Kuchlibari (#61) |
0.00129 † | 0.00050 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Banskata (#110) |
0.00113 † | 0.00044 † | First-order enclave within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Panisala (#79) |
0.00109 † | 0.00042 † | The smallest Indian true enclave; located within the Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh. |
| Natatoka (#38)❋ |
0.00105 | 0.00041 | Smallest known chhit of India, part of Shalbari composite exclave; located within the Panchagarh District of Bangladesh; borders Bangladesh and Shalbari (#35). |
- ❋ This chhit is part of a composite enclave and by itself is neither an enclave nor an exclave.
- † Stated size may not be exact.[2]
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انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ "India and Bangladesh discuss 'pasha' enclaves: Recognition of landlocked areas won in card games to be raised during India PM's visit". 6 September 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز Whyte, Brendan R. (2002). "Waiting for the esquimo: An historical and documentary study of the Cooch Behar enclaves of India and Bangladesh" (PDF). The School of Anthropology, Geography and Environmental Studies, The University of Melbourne. Retrieved 11 September 2011. قالب:Registration required
- ^ India (2 December 2014). "Everything you need to know: Land swap in offing with Bangladesh to end disputes". The Indian Express. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
- ^ "The Constitution (119th Amendment) Bill, 2013" PRS India. Accessed 10 May 2015.[1]
- ^ أ ب ت "Prez assents: Constitution (One Hundredth Amendment) Act, 2015". 1, Law Street. 30 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- ^ "I've got a nation. It comes at the end of my life, still it comes: resident of a Bangladeshi enclave". The indian Express. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- ^ Sougata Mukhopadhyay (7 September 2011). "India-Bangladesh sign pact on border demarcation". CNN-IBN. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
- ^ Say goodbye to the weirdest border dispute in the world, Washington Post, August 1,2015.
- ^ "Land pact rollout in next 11 months". The Hindu. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ "India-Bangla land swap: was the world's strangest border created by a game of chess?".
- ^ "'Border deal will control infiltration from Bangladesh'".
- ^ Hartley, A. C. (1940). Final Report of the Rangpur Survey and Settlement Operations, 1931–1938. Bengal Govt.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Census of India District Census Handbooks, for Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri, for 1991 census". West Bengal Government, India.
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<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةBanerjee