شوجي ناكامورا

(تم التحويل من Shuji Nakamura)
شوجي ناكامورا
Shuji Nakamura
中村修二
وُلِدَ22 مايو 1954
إيكاتا، محافظة إهيمى، اليابان
الجنسية
  • اليابان (حتى 2005)
  • United States (since 2005)[1][2]
المدرسة الأمUniversity of Tokushima (BEng, MEng, DEng)
عـُرِف بـالصمامات الثنائية الباعثة للضوء الزرقاء والبيضاء
الزوجYuki Nakamura
الجوائز
السيرة العلمية
المجالاتOptoelectronics
الهيئاتجامعة كاليفورنيا، سانتا باربرا

شوجي ناكامورا (中村 修二, Nakamura Shūji, و. 22 مايو 1954)، هو أستاذ ياباني-أمريكي في قسم المواد بكلية الهندسة، جامعة كاليفورنيا، سانتا باربرا،[3] وينظر إليه على أنه مخترع الصمام الثنائي الباعث للضوء الأزرق، انفراجة كبيرة في تكنولوجيا الإضاءة. حاز جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء 2014 مع إسامو أكاساكي وهيروشي أمانو "عن اختراع الصمامات الثنائية الباعثة للضوء الأزرق، التي توفر الضوء وتعتبر من مصادر الإضاءة البيضاء الموفرة للطاقة".

Nakamura specializes in the field of semiconductor technology. He is Professor of Materials and of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) since 1999.[4]

حياته المهنية

كيفية تصنيع الليد.

Nakamura graduated from the University of Tokushima in 1977 with a B.Eng. in Electronic Engineering, and obtained an M.Eng. in the same subject in 1979, after which he joined the Nichia Corporation, also based in Tokushima. It was while working for Nichia that Nakamura invented the method for producing the first commercial high brightness gallium nitride (GaN) LED whose brilliant blue light, when partially converted to yellow by a phosphor coating, is the key to white LED lighting, which went into production in 1993.

Previously, J. I. Pankove and co-workers at RCA put in considerable effort but did not make a marketable GaN LED in the 1960s. The principal problem was the difficulty of making strongly p-type GaN.[5] Nakamura drew on the work of another Japanese group led by Professor Isamu Akasaki, who published their method to make strongly p-type GaN by electron-beam irradiation of magnesium-doped GaN; however, this method was not suitable for mass production. Nakamura developed a thermal annealing method much more suitable for mass production.[6] In addition, he and his co-workers worked out the physics and pointed out the culprit was hydrogen, which passivated acceptors in GaN.[7]

At the time, many considered creating a GaN LED too difficult to produce; therefore, Nakamura was fortunate that the founder of Nichia, Nobuo Ogawa (ja) (1912–2002), was willing to support and fund his GaN project.[8][9] However, the senior Ogawa ceded the presidency to his son-in-law Eiji Ogawa (in 1989). The company under Eiji's direction ordered him to suspend work on GaN, claiming it was consuming too much time and money.[10][11] Nakamura continued to develop the blue LED on his own and in 1993 succeeded in making the device.[12][11]

Despite these circumstances, once Nakamura succeeded in creating a commercially viable prototype, 3 orders of magnitude (1000 times) brighter than previously successful blue LEDs, Nichia pursued developing the marketable product.[8][13] The company's gross receipt surged from just over ¥20 billion (≈US$200 million) in 1993 to ¥80 billion (≈US$800 million) by 2001, 60 percent of which was accounted for by sales of blue LED products.[11] The company's workforce doubled between 1994 and 1999 from 640 to 1300 employees.[14]

In 1994, Nakamura was conferred a D.Eng. degree by the University of Tokushima, earned through a doctoral thesis submitted by publication.[15]

Nakamura left Nichia Corporation in 1999 to join the faculty at the University of California, Santa Barbara at the personal invitation of the university's chancellor, Henry T. Yang. Yang flew three times from California to Japan to recruit Nakamura, with promises to build new research facilities and having a Japanese-speaking research staff team already assembled for him.[16][17]

In 2001, Nakamura sued his former employer Nichia over his bonus for the discovery as a part of a series of lawsuits between Nichia and Nakamura with Nichia's US competitor Cree Inc.; they agreed in 2000 to jointly sue Nichia at the expense of Cree and Nakamura received stock options from Cree. Nakamura claimed that he received only ¥20,000 (≈US$180) for his discovery of "404 patent," though Nichia's president Eiji Ogawa's side of the story was that he was shocked beyond belief that the court would award Nakamura ¥20 billion, and downplaying the significance of the "404 patent," opined that the company had adequately compensated him for the innovation through promotions and bonuses amounting to ¥62 million over 11 years and annual salary which was raised to ¥20 million by the time Nakamura quit Nichia.[18]

Nakamura sued for ¥2 billion (<US$20 million) as his fair share for the invention, and the district court awarded him ten times the amount, ¥20 billion (<US$200 million). However, Nichia appealed the award and the parties settled in 2005 for ¥840 million (≈US$8.1 million, less than 5% of the award amount), which was still the largest payment ever paid by a Japanese company to an employee for an invention,[19][20] an amount only enough to cover legal expenses incurred by Nakamura.[21] In line with the lawsuit, Nakamura has repeatedly criticized Japanese companies for not giving their researchers the salaries and recognition they deserve.[22]

Nakamura has also worked on green LEDs and is responsible for creating the white LED and blue laser diodes used in Blu-ray Discs and HD DVDs.[23]

Nakamura is a professor of Materials at the UCSB.[24] In 2008, Nakamura, along with fellow UCSB professors Dr. Steven P. DenBaars and Dr. James Speck, founded Soraa, a developer of solid-state lighting technology built on pure gallium nitride substrates.[25] Nakamura holds 208 US utility patents as of 5 May 2020.[26]

In November 2022, Nakamura co-founded a commercial fusion company, Blue Laser Fusion, with Hiroaki Ohta, a former president of Tokyo-based drone maker ACSL.[27] In July 2023, Blue Laser Fusion raised $25 million from venture capital firm JAFCO Group and the Mirai Creation Fund, which is backed by Toyota Motor and other investors and managed by the SPARX Group.[27]

الحياة الشخصية

Nakamura is married to Yuki Nakamura.[28]

جوائز وتكريمات

العضويات

Year Organization Type Ref.
2003 الولايات المتحدة National Academy of Engineering Member [36]
2019 المملكة المتحدة Royal Academy of Engineering International Fellow [37]

درجات فخرية

Year University Degree Ref.
2008 هونگ كونگ HKUST Doctor of Engineering [38]
2017 پولندا University of Warsaw Doctor honoris causa [39]
2018 المملكة المتحدة Queen's University Belfast Doctor of Science [40]
2018 الولايات المتحدة University of Massachusetts Lowell Doctor of Humane Letters [41]
2020 مكاو University of Macau Doctor of Science [42]
2025 كندا جامعة مكگيل Doctor of Science [43]

المراتب

Year Head of state Order Ref.
2014 اليابان Akihito Order of Culture [44]

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

المصادر

  1. ^ 特許は会社のもの「猛反対」 ノーベル賞の中村修二さん [Patent belongs to the company "Violent opposition" Nobel prize winner Shuji Nakamura] (in اليابانية). Asahi Shimbun Digital. 18 October 2014. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  2. ^ "Nōberu shō no Nakamura Shūji-shi, Amerika no shiminken wo totta riyū wo kataru" ノーベル賞の中村修二氏、「アメリカの市民権」を取った理由を語る [Nobel prize (recipient) Mr. Shuji Nakamura talks about the reasons for obtaining American citizenship] (in اليابانية). withnews. 18 October 2014. ２００５、６年ごろに（米国市民権を）取ったんですよ [acquired (U.S. citizenship) in 2005 or 2006]
  3. ^ "Shuji Nakamura". Santa Barbara: University of California. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  4. ^ "Shuji Nakamura". Santa Barbara: University of California. Archived from the original on July 15, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  5. ^ Johnstone (2007), pp. 90–93.
  6. ^ Johnstone (2007), p. 114.
  7. ^ Johnstone (2007), pp. 114, 116.
  8. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة normile
  9. ^ Johnstone (2007), p. 68.
  10. ^ Johnstone (2007), pp. 103–104.
  11. ^ أ ب ت خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة jt20020920
  12. ^ Johnstone (2007), pp. 112–120.
  13. ^ Johnstone (2007), pp. 120–121.
  14. ^ Johnstone (2007), p. 122.
  15. ^ Shuji Nakamura biographical - website of the [[Nobel Prize ]]
  16. ^ "美国加州大学圣巴巴拉分校校长杨祖佑：寻找天才为大师建大楼". Chinese Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 2025-06-27. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  17. ^ "美国加州大学圣塔巴巴拉分校校长杨祖佑："一流教授最看重和谐科研环境" - 中华人民共和国教育部". Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. Archived from the original on 2025-06-27. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  18. ^ "Nichia kagaku kōgyō no Ogawa Eiji shi: soshō sōdō no shinjitsu wo ima koso akiraka ni suru" 日亜化学工業社長の小川英治氏 訴訟騒動の真実を今こそ明らかにする [Nichia president Eiji Ogawa [says] I am now going to clarify the truth behind the lawsuit] (in اليابانية). Nikkei Tech-on. April 2004. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  19. ^ Zaun, Todd (January 12, 2005). "Japanese Company to Pay Ex-Employee $8.1 Million for Invention". The New York Times. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  20. ^ Johnstone (2007), pp. 233–237.
  21. ^ Robert Matthews (3 April 2007). "Book Review: The man who had the world's brightest idea". Financial Times. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  22. ^ "Japanese Inventor Sues Company". www.science.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2025-05-19.
  23. ^ Richard Harris (June 15, 2006). "Work in Colored Lights Nets Millennium Prize". All Things Considered.
  24. ^ "Shuji Nakamura". Solid State Lighting & Energy Center. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  25. ^ "About". Soraa Inc. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  26. ^ "Patents of Shuji Nakamura". Archived from the original on 2021-04-02. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  27. ^ أ ب "Nuclear fusion race draws in Nobel-winning LED pioneer". NIKKEI Asia. July 23, 2023. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  28. ^ "Japanese Nobel physics laureate Shuji Nakamura and his spouse Yuki..." Getty Images (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2014-12-11. Retrieved 2024-03-10.
  29. ^ Shuji Nakamura wins the 2006 Millennium Technology Prize [1]
  30. ^ "Top prize for 'light' inventor". BBC News. September 8, 2006. Archived from the original on March 5, 2007. Retrieved 2006-09-08. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ Inventor Shuji Nakamura at the European Inventor Award
  32. ^ Prince of Asturias Awards for Technical and Scientific Research.
  33. ^ Harvey Prize
  34. ^ "SVIPLA Presents Inventor of the Year - Shuji Nakamura, Ph.D." Silicon Valley Intellectual Property Law Association. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  35. ^ "The 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics - Press Release". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  36. ^ "Dr. Shuji Nakamura". www.nae.edu. Archived from the original on 2024-07-31. Retrieved 2025-12-09.
  37. ^ "Academy welcomes leading UK and international engineers as new Fellows". www.raeng.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2025-08-23.
  38. ^ "Prof. Shuji Nakamura". ias.hkust.edu.hk. Archived from the original on 2025-07-14.
  39. ^ "Honorary degree for Prof. Shuji Nakamura". en.uw.edu.pl. Archived from the original on 2025-05-22. Retrieved 2025-08-12.
  40. ^ "Leading Scientists and Noble Prize-winning LED Inventor honoured at Queen's University". Archived from the original on 2025-06-13.
  41. ^ "UMass Lowell Presents Honorary Degree to Nobel Laureate". www.uml.edu. Archived from the original on 2025-03-23.
  42. ^ "Announcement of the Conferment of Honorary Degrees". um2.umac.mo.
  43. ^ "McGill announces its Spring 2025 Honorary Degree recipients". reporter.mcgill.ca. 2025-05-07. Retrieved 2025-06-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  44. ^ "UCSB Nobel Prize Winner Nakamura Gets High Japanese Honor". Santa Barbara Independent. 2014-10-25. Retrieved 2026-01-24.

قراءات إضافية

  • Shuji Nakamura, Gerhard Fasol, Stephen J. Pearton, The Blue Laser Diode : The Complete Story, Springer; 2nd edition, October 2, 2000, (ISBN 3-540-66505-6)
  • Bob Johnstone Brilliant!: Shuji Nakamura and the revolution in lighting technology, Prometheus Books, 2007 ISBN 1-59102-462-5

وصلات خارجية

سبقه
تيم برنرز-لي 		حائز جائزة الألفية للتكنولوجيا
2006 (عن اخترع الصمامات الثنائية الباعثة للضوء الفوق بنفسجية، البيضاء والزرقاء) 		تبعه
روبرت س. لانگر
الكلمات الدالة:
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