312
| القرون: | قرن 3rd · قرن 4 · قرن 5 |
| العقود: | ع280 ع290 ع300 ع310 ع320 ع330 ع340 |
| السنوات: | 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 1 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 3 – القرن 4 – القرن 5 |
| عقود: | عقد 280 عقد 290 عقد 300 – عقد 310 – عقد 320 عقد 330 عقد 340 |
| سنين: | 309 310 311 – 312 – 313 314 315 |
| 312 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| تأسيسات – انحلالات | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 312 CCCXII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1065 |
| التقويم الأرمني | N/A |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5062 |
| التقويم البهائي | −1532 – −1531 |
| التقويم البنغالي | −281 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 1262 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | N/A |
| التقويم البوذي | 856 |
| التقويم البورمي | −326 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 5820–5821 |
| التقويم الصيني | 辛未年 (المعدن الماعز) 3008 أو 2948 — إلى — 壬申年 (الماء القرد) 3009 أو 2949 |
| التقويم القبطي | 28–29 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 1478 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 304–305 |
| التقويم العبري | 4072–4073 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 368–369 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 234–235 |
| - كالي يوگا | 3413–3414 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 10312 |
| تقويم الإگبو | −688 – −687 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 310 ق.ر. – 309 ق.ر. |
| التقويم الهجري | 320 ق.هـ. – 319 ق.هـ. |
| التقويم الياباني | N/A |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 312 CCCXII |
| التقويم الكوري | 2645 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 1600 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前1600年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 855 |
Year 312 (CCCXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantinus and Licinianus (or, less frequently, year 1065 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 312 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
أحداث
By place
Roman Empire
- Constantine I crosses the Cottian Alps with an army (40,000 men) and defeats Maxentius's generals in three battles at Turin, Brescia and Verona.[1] Maxentius's Praetorian Prefect Ruricius Pompeianus is killed in the fighting outside Verona.
- October 28 – Battle of the Milvian Bridge: Constantine defeats Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge, becoming the only Roman emperor in the West. Prior to the battle, he reportedly has a vision of a cross (labarum) with the phrase "in hoc signo vinces" ("In this sign you shall conquer"). This encourages him to convert to Christianity.
- October 29 – Constantine enters Rome; he stages a grand adventus in the city, and is met with popular jubilation. Maxentius' body is fished out of the Tiber and decapitated.
- Constantine forges an alliance with co-emperor Licinius, and offers him his half-sister, Constantia, in marriage. The Praetorian Guard and Imperial Horse Guard (equites singulares Augusti) are disbanded.
- Emperor Maximinus Daza campaigns unsuccessfully against the Armenians.
By topic
Religion
- Constantine I adopts the words "in hoc signo vinces" as a motto, and has the letters X and P (the first letters of the Greek word Christ) emblazoned on the shields of his soldiers.
- The Council of Carthage supports Donatism, which espouses a rigorous application and interpretation of the sacraments. These doctrines will be condemned by the Council of Arles (314).
- Constantine I promotes a policy of state sponsorship of Christianity, perhaps even becoming a Christian himself (see Constantine the Great and Christianity).
مواليد
- Dao'an, Chinese Buddhist monk and writer (d. 385)
- Huan Wen (or Yuanzi), Chinese general (d. 373)
وفيات
- October 28 – Maxentius, Roman emperor (b. 283)
- Clement of Ancyra, Christian bishop and martyr
- Guo Xiang, Chinese scholar and philosopher (b. 252)
- Huyan, Chinese empress of the Xiongnu state
- Ruricius Pompeianus, Roman praetorian prefect
References
- ^ Barnes, Timothy David (1981). Constantine and Eusebius (in الإنجليزية). Harvard University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-674-16531-1. Retrieved 1 February 2024.