المعرفة

قائمة مؤتمرات القمة الأمريكية السوڤيتية

مؤتمرات القمة الأمريكية السوڤيتية انعقدت منذ 1943 حتى 1991. مواضيع النقاش في تلك المؤتمرات بين رئيس الولايات المتحدة وإما الأمين العام أو رئيس وزراء الاتحاد السوڤيتي تراوحت بين محاربة قوى المحور أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية إلى الحد من التسلح بين القوتين العظميين أثناء الحرب الباردة.[1]

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حلفاء الحرب العالمية الثانية

المقالة الرئيسية: حلفاء الحرب العالمية الثانية
 
"الثلاثة الكبار" Allied leaders (left to right) at the Yalta Conference, February 1945: Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin.
 
Clement Attlee, Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference, July 1945.
Date Place Country President of the United States General Secretary or Premier of the Soviet Union Notes
November 28–December 1, 1943 طهران   إيران [2] Franklin D. Roosevelt Joseph Stalin Also in attendance Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom.

See Tehran Conference

February 4–11, 1945 Yalta   الاتحاد السوڤيتي[2] Franklin D. Roosevelt Joseph Stalin Also in attendance Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom. First visit by a United States President to the Soviet Union.[3] See Yalta Conference
July 17–August 2, 1945 Potsdam Allied-occupied Germany[4] Harry S. Truman Joseph Stalin Also in attendance Prime Ministers Winston Churchill and Clement Attlee of the United Kingdom.

See Potsdam Conference


الحرب الباردة (1953–1962)

المقالة الرئيسية: الحرب الباردة
 
Nikita Khrushchev views the wreckage of a downed Lockheed U-2. The 1960 U-2 incident was a major topic at the May 16–17, 1960 summit in Paris.
 
Nikita Khrushchev meeting John F. Kennedy at the Vienna Summit, June 1961
التاريخ Place Country President of the United States General Secretary or Premier of the Soviet Union Notes
July 18–23, 1955 Geneva    سويسرا[5] Dwight D. Eisenhower Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin Also in attendance Prime Minister Anthony Eden of the United Kingdom and Prime Minister Edgar Faure of France.

See Geneva Summit

September 15, 26–27, 1959 Washington, D.C. and Camp David   الولايات المتحدة[6][7] Dwight D. Eisenhower Nikita Khrushchev First visit by a Soviet leader to the United States.
May 16–17, 1960 Paris   فرنسا[5] Dwight D. Eisenhower Nikita Khrushchev Also in attendance Prime Minister Harold Macmillan of the United Kingdom and President Charles de Gaulle of France. Khrushchev left the summit due to the dispute over the 1960 U-2 incident.
June 3–4, 1961 ڤيينا   النمسا[8] John F. Kennedy Nikita Khrushchev See Vienna Summit

الحرب الباردة (1962–1979)

المقالة الرئيسية: الحرب الباردة
Date Place Country President of the United States General Secretary or Premier of the Soviet Union Notes
June 23 and 25, 1967 Glassboro   الولايات المتحدة[6] Lyndon B. Johnson Alexei Kosygin See Glassboro Summit Conference
May 22–30, 1972 موسكو   الاتحاد السوڤيتي[9] Richard Nixon Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin Signing of the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I), and the U.S.–Soviet Incidents at Sea Agreement. See Moscow Summit (1972).
18-‏25 يونيو 1973 واشنطن العاصمة   الولايات المتحدة[6] Richard Nixon Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin توقيع Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War.
June 28–July 3, 1974 Moscow   الاتحاد السوڤيتي[9] Richard Nixon Leonid Brezhnev Signing of the Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT).
November 23–24, 1974 Vladivostok   الاتحاد السوڤيتي[10] Gerald Ford Leonid Brezhnev See Vladivostok Summit Meeting on Arms Control
July 30 and August 2, 1975 Helsinki   فنلندا[10] Gerald Ford Leonid Brezhnev See Helsinki Accords and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
June 15–18, 1979 ڤيينا   النمسا[11] Jimmy Carter Leonid Brezhnev Signing of the second Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT II).
 
Leonid Brezhnev meets with Richard Nixon during the Soviet leader's trip to the U.S. in June 1973
 
رتشارد نكسون يلتقي رئيس الوزراء برجنيڤ في مكتبة منزل نكسون في سان كلمنتى، كاليفورنيا، 1973.
 
Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev signing SALT II Treaty, June 18, 1979، في ڤيينا

الحرب الباردة (1985–1991)

المقالة الرئيسية: الحرب الباردة
 
Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan sign the INF Treaty at the White House in December 1987
 
George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev at the Helsinki summit in 1990
التاريخ المكان البلد رئيس الولايات المتحدة الأمين العام أو رئيس وزراء الاتحاد السوڤيتي ملاحظات
19-‏21 نوفمبر 1985 جنيڤ    سويسرا[12] رونالد ريگان Mikhail Gorbachev See Geneva Summit
October 10–12, 1986 ريكياڤيك   آيسلندا[12] Ronald Reagan Mikhail Gorbachev انظر قمة ريكياڤيك
December 7–10, 1987 Washington, D.C.   الولايات المتحدة[6] Ronald Reagan Mikhail Gorbachev Signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. See Washington Summit.
May 29–June 1, 1988 موسكو   الاتحاد السوڤيتي[12] Ronald Reagan Mikhail Gorbachev See Moscow Summit (1988).
December 7, 1988 مدينة نيويورك   الولايات المتحدة[6] Ronald Reagan Mikhail Gorbachev Also in attendance President-elect George H. W. Bush. Gorbachev left the summit early due to the 1988 Spitak earthquake which struck the Armenian S.S.R. that same day.
December 2–3, 1989 Valletta   مالطا[13] George H. W. Bush Mikhail Gorbachev See Malta Summit
May 30–June 3, 1990 Washington, D.C.   الولايات المتحدة[6] George H. W. Bush Mikhail Gorbachev Signing of the 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord
9 سبتمبر 1990 هلسنكي   فنلندا[13] George H. W. Bush Mikhail Gorbachev Discussed the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.[14]
November 19, 1990 Paris   فرنسا [13] George H. W. Bush Mikhail Gorbachev Signing of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe.
July 17, 1991 London   المملكة المتحدة[13] George H. W. Bush Mikhail Gorbachev Held in conjunction with the 17th G7 Summit.
July 30–31, 1991 Moscow   الاتحاد السوڤيتي[13] George H. W. Bush Mikhail Gorbachev Signing of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I).
October 29–30, 1991 Madrid   إسپانيا[13] George H. W. Bush Mikhail Gorbachev Held in conjunction with the Madrid Conference of 1991.


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انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ Fain III, W. Taylor "Chronology: US-Soviet summits, 1943-1991" Archived 2011-11-09 at the Wayback Machine US Department of State Dispatch, August 12, 1991
  2. ^ أ ب "Travels of President Franklin D. Roosevelt". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Presidents Travels to Russia". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2012-01-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ "Travels of President Harry S. Truman". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ أ ب "Travels of President Dwight D. Eisenhower". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح "Visits By Foreign Leaders of Russia". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2012-01-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "1959 Year In Review Khrushchev Visits the United States". United Press International. Archived from the original on 2012-01-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "Travels of President John F. Kennedy". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ أ ب "Travels of President Richard M. Nixon". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ أ ب "Travels of President Gerald R. Ford". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "Travels of President Jimmy Carter". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ أ ب ت "Travels of President Ronald Reagan". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح "Travels of President George H. W. Bush". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "Joint News Conference of President Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in Helsinki, Finland September 9, 1990". The American Presidency Project. Archived from the original on January 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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