المعرفة

ڤكخو

(تم التحويل من Växjö)

ڤكخو ( Växjö ؛ النطق السويدي: [ˈvɛ̂kːɧøː] ويخطئ الناس بنطقها "فاكسيو")[2][3] هي مدينة ومقر بلدية ڤكخو، مقاطعة كرونوبرگ, Sweden. It had 70,489 inhabitants (2019) out of a تعداد البلدية 95,995 نسمة (2021). وهي المركز الإداري والثقاف والصناعي لمقاطعة كرونوبرگ و episcopal see لأبرشية ڤكخو ومقر كاتدرائية ڤكخو. البلدة هي مقر جامعة لينايوس.

ڤكخو
Växjö
مبنى بلدية ڤكخو
موقع فنون ڤكخو، الذي تأسس في 2008
درع ڤكخو
Coat of arms
الشعار: 
Europe's Greenest City
ڤكخو is located in Kronoberg
ڤكخو
ڤكخو
ڤكخو is located in السويد
ڤكخو
ڤكخو
الإحداثيات: 56°52′37″N 14°48′33″E / 56.87694°N 14.80917°E / 56.87694; 14.80917Coordinates: 56°52′37″N 14°48′33″E / 56.87694°N 14.80917°E / 56.87694; 14.80917
CountrySweden
ProvinceSmåland
المقاطعةمقاطعة كرونوبرگ
Municipalityبلدية ڤكخو
المساحة
[1]
 • المدينة30٫28 كم² (11٫69 ميل²)
المنسوب
167 m (548 ft)
التعداد
 (5 September 2017)[1]
 • المدينة66٬275
 • الكثافة2٬011/km2 (5٬210/sq mi)
 • العمرانية
90٬721
منطقة التوقيتUTC+1 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
35x xx
مفتاح الهاتف(+46) 470
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.vaxjo.se

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أصل الاسم

The city's name is believed to be constructed from the words väg ("road") and sjö ("lake"), meaning the road over the frozen Växjö Lake that farmers used in the winter to get to the marketplace which later became the city.


التاريخ

In contrast to what was believed a century ago,[4] there is no evidence of a special pre-Christian significance of the site. The pagan cultic center of Värend may have been located at Hov, a nearby village.[5][6]

An episcopal see since the 11th century, the city did not get its city charter until 1342, when it was issued by Magnus Eriksson. The cathedral of St Sigfrid dates from about 1300, and has been subsequently restored.[7] Otherwise, during the Middle Ages, Växjö did not have many pious institutions. A Franciscan monastery was established in 1485. A hospital of the Holy Ghost was first mentioned in 1318. In the 14th century Växjö got its first school, Växjö katedralskola. In 1643 it received gymnasium status.

At the beginning of Gustav Eriksson's war of liberation, the peasantry joined forces, under the guidance of the union-hostile bishop Ingemar Pedersson, with the mountain men and peasantry of Dalarna, Hälsingland, and Gästrikland, who urged fidelity to their leader Gustav Eriksson. During the Dacke War, a peasant uprising, the city was under the authority of Nils Dacke and his supporters from the summer of 1542 until after New Year 1543.

 
Växjö surrounded by lakes as seen from an aeroplane moving between Norway and Poland. West is up in the image.

Several times during the Northern Wars and the Scanian Wars, and thereafter, the city was affected by fire (in 1277, 1516, 1570, 1612, 1658, 1690, 1749, 1753, 1799, 1838 and 1843). After the last fire in 1843, when 1,140 citizens were rendered homeless, Växjö received its current street plan.[8]

العصر الحديث

Växjö is the city in which the photograph "A Woman Hitting a Neo-Nazi With Her Handbag" was taken in 1985 by Hans Runesson (sv).[9]

In its December 2015 report, Police in Sweden placed the Växjö district Araby in the most severe category of urban areas with high crime rates.[10]

المباني التاريخية

المقالة الرئيسية: كاتدرائية ڤكخو
 
Växjö Cathedral

Växjö Cathedral is located near the centre of the city.

Immediately north of Växjö is Kronoberg Castle, a ruined fortress constructed in the 15th century. This castle was used as a base by the rebel, Nils Dacke, during the Dacke War. The fortress has thick walls and artillery portals that face north towards lake Helgasjön.

Teleborg Castle is also located near the city. It was built near the Linnaeus University in 1900, it now functions as a hotel and conference facility.

وسائل الراحة

 
Växjö Railway Station And City Hall

The Swedish Emigrant Institute[11] was established in 1965 and is housed in the House of Emigrants near Växjö Lake in the heart of the city. It contains archives, a library, a museum, and a research center relating to the emigration period between 1846 and 1930, when 1.3 million (or 20%) of the Swedish population emigrated, mainly to the United States. Archives dating to the 17th century contain birth and death records, as well as household records, that are available on microfiche.

الصناعة

Industries include GE Power and Aerotech Telub, as well as Volvo Articulated Haulers which is located in Braås 29 kilometres (18 miles), north of Växjö. One of the best-known service providers is Fortnox and Visma.

Växjö houses Sweden's National Glass Museum[12] and claims to be the capital of the "Kingdom of Crystal"[13] as well as of the "Kingdom of Furniture".[14] Växjö Linnaeus Science Park focuses on supporting entrepreneurs focusing on circular economy, smart city, forestry and digitalization.

التعليم

The city has three municipality-run secondary schools ("gymnasiums"): Teknikum, Katedralskolan, and Kungsmadskolan. Linnaeus University had a student body of 42,000 students اعتبارا من 2012 (including its Kalmar campus)[15] or 15,000 students (full-time equivalents) اعتبارا من 2010.[16]

السكان

التعداد التاريخي
السنةتعداد±%
1960 22٬784—    
1965 29٬354+28.8%
1970 39٬019+32.9%
1975 40٬328+3.4%
1980 42٬632+5.7%
1985 -—    
1990 46٬735—    
السنةتعداد±%
1995 49٬865+6.7%
2000 51٬790+3.9%
2005 55٬600+7.4%
2010 60٬887+9.5%
2015 65٬345+7.3%
2016 66٬275+1.4%
2020 71٬282+7.6%
المصدر: [17]

التعداد حسب الأحياء السكنية

  • Teleborg: 12,834
  • Hovshaga: 9,541
  • Hov: 8,020
  • Araby: 6,520
  • Norr: 4,518
  • Väster: 4,829
  • Öster: 4,489
  • Söder: 3,694
  • Sandsbro: 3,090
  • Högstorp: 2,710
  • Öjaby: 2,213
  • Centrum: 2,086
  • Räppe: 1,260
  • Kronoberg/Evedal: 279
  • Regementstaden: 88
  • Västra mark: 69
  • Norremark: 29


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النقل

The Coast to Coast track cuts through the municipality from north-west to south-east. SJ's long-distance trains travel between Gothenburg, Alvesta (with connections to the southern trunk line) and Kalmar, with stop in Växjö. Öresundståg's long-distance trains travel the Kalmar – Alvesta – Malmö - Copenhagen route. Regional trains Krösatågen travel the Växjö – Jönköping route. Trunk roads 23, 25, 27, 29, 30 and 37 meet in the municipality.

A new city hall and railway station building was completed in 2021.[18]

In air transport, the city is served by the nearby Växjö/Kronoberg Airport.

السياسة البيئية

In 1996 the city adopted a policy for the elimination of the use of fossil fuels by 2030.[19][20] This decision was taken in reaction to pollution and eutrophication in the lakes that surround the town. Greenhouse gas emissions were cut by 41% from 1993 to 2011, and were reduced by 55% by 2015. The city's economy has grown during this time.[21]

By 2014, Växjö's CO2 emissions had dropped to 2.4 tonnes per capita, well below the EU average of 7.3 tonnes.[22]

المدينة الأكثر اخضراراً في أوروپا

Växjö has called itself "The Greenest City in Europe" since 2007.[23] It has its foundation in a long history of commitment to environmental issues, and ambitious goals for a green future. It is a vision shared with the citizens and the local companies.

In 2017 Växjö was awarded the European Green Leaf Award 2018 by the European Commission. The prize is awarded to cities with less than 100 000 inhabitants that show good results and ambitions in terms of environment and are committed to generate green growth.

أبرز السكان

الرياضة والترفيه

The following sports clubs are located in Växjö:

الطرق السريعة

المناخ

Växjö has a humid continental climate (Dfb), using temperature data from 1961 to 1990. Temperatures have risen in recent years, and using the -3 Celsius isotherm, it can also be classified as an oceanic climate (Cfb)[32] with 2002-2015 temperature data. It is milder, wetter, and cloudier than the rest of the country, with the number of hours of sunshine being associated more with the British Isles than with areas further north in Sweden. Considering its relative distance to all three coasts surrounding South Sweden, the climate is markedly maritime, with winter temperatures being relatively mild for an inland location. When compared with sunnier inland areas further north, Växjö has relatively cool summers.[بحاجة لمصدر]

بيانات مناخ ڤكخو (المتوسط 2002–2018 ، القصوى منذ 1901)
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) 9.6
(49.3) 		13.8
(56.8) 		20.0
(68) 		27.9
(82.2) 		29.0
(84.2) 		32.5
(90.5) 		33.5
(92.3) 		34.4
(93.9) 		27.6
(81.7) 		21.9
(71.4) 		14.0
(57.2) 		11.3
(52.3) 		34٫4
(93٫9)
العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 0.5
(32.9) 		1.1
(34) 		5.4
(41.7) 		11.9
(53.4) 		17.0
(62.6) 		20.0
(68) 		22.5
(72.5) 		21.0
(69.8) 		17.0
(62.6) 		10.4
(50.7) 		5.5
(41.9) 		2.3
(36.1) 		11٫22
(52٫19)
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) -1.7
(28.9) 		-1.4
(29.5) 		1.6
(34.9) 		6.8
(44.2) 		11.6
(52.9) 		14.7
(58.5) 		17.5
(63.5) 		16.4
(61.5) 		12.8
(55) 		7.2
(45) 		3.4
(38.1) 		0.3
(32.5) 		7٫43
(45٫38)
الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) -3.8
(25.2) 		-3.8
(25.2) 		-2.3
(27.9) 		1.6
(34.9) 		6.2
(43.2) 		9.4
(48.9) 		12.4
(54.3) 		11.8
(53.2) 		8.6
(47.5) 		4.2
(39.6) 		1.3
(34.3) 		-1.8
(28.8) 		3٫65
(38٫57)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) -34.0
(-29.2) 		-28.8
(-19.8) 		-29.8
(-21.6) 		-19.0
(-2.2) 		-6.0
(21.2) 		-0.8
(30.6) 		3.5
(38.3) 		0.0
(32) 		-4.8
(23.4) 		-10.3
(13.5) 		-17.8
(-0) 		-24.5
(-12.1) 		−34٫0
(−29٫2)
هطول mm (inches) 50.5
(1.988) 		36.0
(1.417) 		31.7
(1.248) 		28.8
(1.134) 		51.6
(2.031) 		67.3
(2.65) 		89.6
(3.528) 		77.9
(3.067) 		49.4
(1.945) 		64.6
(2.543) 		57.0
(2.244) 		54.6
(2.15) 		659
(25٫945)
Sunshine hours 32 57 143 203 236 238 234 191 153 88 37 24 1٬636
Source #1: SMHI[33]
Source #2: SMHI Monthly Data [34]


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المراجع

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  14. ^ "Lammhult". Lammhult.se. Archived from the original on 9 January 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
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  21. ^ "Zero Net Emissions With Economic Growth? Europe's Greenest City Shows the Way". CSRwire. 6 July 2011. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
  22. ^ "7 examples of sustainability in Sweden 2017 Växjö got the Green Leaf Award 2018 from EU-commission". Swedish Institute. 24 September 2015. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
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  24. ^ "Dette er svensken som gjorde det Norling aldri klarte". 3 February 2017. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
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  28. ^ "Spionchefen Håkan Syrén blir ny ÖB". 17 November 2003. Archived from the original on 25 February 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
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  33. ^ "SMHI Open Data for Växjö A" (in السويدية). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  34. ^ "Yearly and Monthly Statistics" (in السويدية). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Archived from the original on 22 December 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2019.

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Localities in Växjö Municipality قالب:Kronoberg County

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