لزگ (شعب)

لِزگ (Lezgian: лезгияр, lezgiyar، بالروسية: лезгины، lezginy؛ إنگليزية: Lezgianscode: en is deprecated ، ويُدعَون أيضاً لزگين Lezgins، لزگي، لزگيّون) هم جماعة عرقية لزگية موطنها في لزگيا الواقعة في جنوب داغستان وشمال شرق أذربيجان ويتكلمون اللغة اللزگية.

لزگي Lezgi
Lezgijar/Лезгияр

المناطق ذات التجمعات المعتبرة
روسيا داغستان	473,722 385,240
أذربيجان	180,300 to 364 000
تركمنستان	16,000
أوكرانيا	4,349
اوزبكستان	4,300
قزخستان	3,481
قيرغيزستان	2,603
تركيا	2,000–10,000
بلاروس	404
لاتڤيا	280
إستونيا	121
لتوانيا	82
مولدوڤا	74
جورجيا	44–2,900
اللغات
اللزگية
الدين
أقلية سنية، وشيعية
الجماعات العرقية ذات الصلة
Tabasarans، آغول، روتول، بودوخ، Kryts، تساخور، Archi، شاهداغ، أودي، وشعوب شمال شرق القوقاز الأخرى

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 اسم العرق

لزگي، بريشة تيودور هورشلت، 1896.

الشعب اللزگي

Lezgian people dancing the Lezginka circa 1900

Russian artist Vasily Vereshchagin's painting of the Lezgians dancing after visiting southern Dagestan (1867)

أصل اسم العرق لِزگ يتطلب المزيد من البحث. إلا أن معظم الباحثين يعتبرونه صرف من كلمة "لِگي" القديمة وكلمة لـَكزي في مطلع العصور الوسطى.

Modern-day Lezgins speak Northeast Caucasian languages that have been spoken in the region before the introduction of Indo-European languages. They are closely related, both culturally and linguistically, to the Aghuls of southern Dagestan and, somewhat more distantly, to the Tsakhurs, Rutuls, and Tabasarans (the northern neighbors of the Lezgins). Also related, albeit more distantly, are the numerically small Jek, Kryts, Shahdagh, Budukh, and Khinalug peoples of northern Azerbaijan. These groups, together with the Lezgins, form the Samur branch of the indigenous Lezgic peoples.

Lezgins are believed to descend partly from people who inhabited the region of southern داغستان in the Bronze Age. However, there is some DNA evidence of significant admixture during the last 4,000 years with a Central Asian population, as shown by genetic links to populations throughout Europe and Asia, with notable similarities to the Burusho of Pakistan.

Prior to the Russian Revolution, the Lezgins did not have a common self-designation as an ethnic group. They referred to themselves by village, region, religion, clan, or free society. Before the revolution, the Lezgins were called "Kyurintsy", "Akhtintsy", or "Lezgintsy" by the Russians. The ethnonym "Lezgin" itself is quite problematic. Prior to the Soviet period, the term "Lezgin" was used in different contexts. At times, it referred only to the people known today as Lezgins. At others, it referred variously to all of the peoples of southern Daghestan (Lezgin, Aghul, Rutul, Tabasaran, and Tsakhur); all of the peoples of southern Daghestan and northern Azerbaijan (Kryts Jek, Khinalug, Budukh, Shahdagh); all Nakh-Daghestani peoples; or all of the indigenous Muslim peoples of the Northeast Caucasian peoples (Caucasian Avars, Dargwa, Laks, Chechens, and Ingush). In reading pre-Revolutionary works, one must be aware of these different possible meanings and the scope of the ethnonym "Lezgin".

 التاريخ

The Iranian-ruled administrative division of the Derbent khanate included many of the Lezgins until its occupation and dissolution by the Russians as a result of the Russo-Persian Wars of the 19th century.

 انظر أيضاً

• Gotfrid Hasanov
• Nazim Huseynov
• Nader's Dagestan campaign
• Suleyman Kerimov
• Suleyman Stalsky
• Lezginka
• اللغة اللزگية
• Lezgistan
• شعوب القوقاز
• Northeast Caucasian people

 ببليوگرافيا

• Minahan, J. (2002) Encyclopaedia of stateless nations: L-R, Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313321115.
• Yarshater, E. (1983) The Cambridge history of Iran, Volume One, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-20092-X.