مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا
مقاطعة براورد Broward County هي مقاطعة في الجزء الجنوبي الشرقي من ولاية فلوريدا الأمريكية. According to a 2017 census report, the county had a population of 1,935,878, making it the second-most populous county in Florida and the 15th-most populous county in the United States.[5] The county seat is Fort Lauderdale.[6]
مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا
Broward County, Florida | |
|---|---|
| Broward County | |
    .jpg)   .JPG) .jpg) Images, from top down, left to right: Fort Lauderdale skyline; Hollywood Beach Boardwalk; Hollywood water tower; Tarpon River neighborhood; Dania Beach pier; Life guard staion on Las Olas Beach; Sawgrass Mills shopping mall in Sunrise; BB&T Center; Docked boats in Pompano Beach | |
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| الكنية: "Broward" | |
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  مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا Location within the United States  مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا Location within North America .svg) مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا Location on Earth | |
| الإحداثيات: 26°11′37″N 80°28′36″W / 26.193535°N 80.476683°WCoordinates: 26°11′37″N 80°28′36″W / 26.193535°N 80.476683°W[1] | |
| Country |  الولايات المتحدة |
| State |  فلوريدا
|
| Region | South Florida |
| Metro area | Miami |
| Founded | April 30, 1915 |
| السمِيْ | Napoleon B. Broward |
| County seat |  Fort Lauderdale |
| Largest city | Fort Lauderdale |
| Incorporated cities | 24 |
| الحكومة | |
| • النوع | Council–manager government |
| • الكيان | Board of County Commissioners |
| • Board of County Commissioners[2] | Commissioners
|
| • Chief executive officer | Bertha Henry |
| المساحة | |
| • الإجمالي | 1٬322٫817 ميل² (3٬426٫08 كم²) |
| • البر | 1٬203٫105 ميل² (3٬116٫03 كم²) |
| • الماء | 119٫712 ميل² (310٫05 كم²) |
| أعلى منسوب | 29 ft (9 m) |
| أوطى منسوب | 0 ft (0 m) |
| التعداد | |
| • الإجمالي | 1٬748٬146 |
| • Estimate (2017)[5] | 1٬935٬878 |
| • الكثافة | 1٬300/sq mi (510/km2) |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC−5 (Eastern Time Zone) |
| • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC−4 (Eastern Daylight Time) |
| Zip code | 33004, 33009, 33019-33021,33023-33029, 33060, 33062-33069, 33071, 33073, 33076, 33301, 33304-33306, 33308-33317, 33319, 33321-33328, 33330-33332, 33334, 33351, 33441-33442 |
| Area codes | 754/954, |
| FIPS code | 12011 |
| GNIS feature ID | 295753 |
| Primary Airport | Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport FLL (Major/International) |
| Secondary Airport | North Perry Airport- HWO (Regional)- Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport- FXE (Regional)- Pompano Beach Airpark- PMP (Regional) |
| Interstates |   |
| U.S. Routes |    |
| State Routes |                  |
| Commuter Rail |    |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | www |
Broward County is one of the three counties in South Florida that make up the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,158,824 people in 2017.[7]
The county is home to 31 municipalities, which consist of 24 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas. It is also Florida's seventh-largest county in terms of land area, with 1,322.8 square miles (3,426 km2). Broward County's urbanized area occupies 427.8 square miles of land. The largest portion of the county is the Conservation Area that extends west to border Collier County. The conservation area is 796.9 square miles and consists of wetlands, much of which are part of the Everglades National Park. At its widest points, the County stretches approximately 50.3 miles east to west and approximately 27.4 miles from north to south, averaging 5 to 25 feet in elevation.
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التاريخ
السكان الأصليون
The earliest evidence of Native American settlement in the Miami region came from about 12,000 years ago.[8] The first inhabitants settled on the banks of the Miami River, with the main villages on the northern banks.
The inhabitants at the time of first European contact were the Tequesta people, who controlled much of southeastern Florida, including what is now Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and the southern part of Palm Beach County. The Tequesta Indians fished, hunted, and gathered the fruit and roots of plants for food, but did not practice any form of agriculture. They buried the small bones of the deceased with the rest of the body, and put the larger bones in a box for the village people to see. The Tequesta are credited with making the Miami Circle.[9]
تأسيس براورد
Broward County was founded on April 30, 1915.[10] It was intended to be named Everglades County, but then-Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives Ion Farris amended the bill that established the county to name it in honor of Napoleon Bonaparte Broward, governor of Florida from 1905 to 1909.
Throughout his term as governor, Broward championed Everglades drainage and was remembered for his campaign to turn the Everglades into "useful land". This opened up much of today's urban Broward County for development, first as agricultural land and later as residential. A year before Broward became governor, Dania became the first incorporated community of what is now Broward County, followed by Pompano in 1908, and Fort Lauderdale in 1911.
In 1915, Palm Beach and Dade counties contributed nearly equal portions of land to create Broward County.[10] Dixie Highway was also completed through Broward County in 1915. In 1916, the settlement of "Zona" was renamed Davie in recognition of Robert P. Davie, a land developer who purchased a great deal of reclaimed Everglades land.
Broward County began a huge development boom after its incorporation, with the first "tourist hotel", in Fort Lauderdale, opening in 1919. A year later, developers began dredging wetlands in the county to create island communities.[10]
الرواج العقاري والنمو السريع
The year 1925 was considered the peak of the Florida land boom with Davie, Deerfield, Floranada, and Hollywood all being incorporated. By 1925, the boom was considered to have reached its peak, but the 1926 Miami hurricane caused economic depression in the county.[10] In 1926, the Hollywood Seminole Indian Reservation (formerly "Dania Reservation") was opened. In 1927, Lauderdale-by-the-Sea was incorporated. In 1928, the Bay Mabel Harbor (now the Port Everglades channel) was opened. In 1929, Merle Fogg Airport (now site of Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport) was dedicated. In 1939, Hillsboro Beach was incorporated. Gulfstream Park also opened in Hallandale in 1939.
The county saw another population and development boom post-World War II when the transformation from agricultural to urbanized residential area began. In 1947, Pompano merged with beach area to form the present day City of Pompano Beach.
There was another boom during the 1950s and the late 1960s. In 1953, Plantation, Lazy Lake, and Fern Crest Village were incorporated. In 1955, Margate and Miramar were incorporated. In 1956, Lighthouse Point was incorporated and the Florida Turnpike was completed through Broward County. In 1957, Pembroke Park was incorporated. In 1959, Cooper City, Lauderhill, and Sea Ranch Lakes were incorporated.
In 1946 Dr. Von D. Mizell and black business owners petitioned the County Commission to make a county beach available to African Americans; at the time the beaches in Broward County, as elsewhere in Florida, were for whites only. Eight years later a beach, today Dr. Von D. Mizell-Eula Johnson State Park, in Dania Beach, was made available, but there was no road to it until 1965. In the meantime, Mizell and Eula Johnson, with supporters, deliberately violated the law on July 4, 1961, by wading into the water on Ft. Lauderdale beach. The legal process set in motion by this incident resulted in the desegregation of Broward County beaches in 1962.[11]
In 1960, the City of Pembroke Pines was incorporated. This same year marked the opening of Broward College (then Broward Community College).
In 1961, Lauderdale Lakes and Sunrise were incorporated. In 1963, the cities of Coral Springs, North Lauderdale, Parkland, and Tamarac were all incorporated. In 1967, Coconut Creek was incorporated.[12]
The effects of a national recession hit the county in 1974 and the population growth finally slowed. This is from a peak growth percentage change of 297.9% which saw the population of Broward grow from 83,933 as of 1950 to 333,946 in 1960.[13] The population subsequently experienced an 85.7% population growth which brought the population to a total of 620,100 in 1970.[13]
التاريخ الحديث
The structure of the Broward County government was signed into law in 1975 with the passage of the Broward County charter.[10] In the same year, the Seminole Tribe of Florida incorporated as a governing entity and began organizing cigarette sales, bingo and land leases that will bring millions of dollars in annual revenue in later years.[14] In 1976, Interstate 95 was completed through Broward County.
On January 19, 1977, snow fell in South Florida for the first time in recorded history. Snow was seen across all of South Florida as far south as Homestead and even on Miami Beach. Snow was officially reported by weather observers in West Palm Beach, LaBelle, Hollywood, and Royal Palm Ranger Station in southern Miami-Dade County.[15]
In the year 1980, the US census reported over 1 million people living in Broward County.
On August 24, 1992, Hurricane Andrew passed through Miami-Dade County, causing $100 million in damage in Broward County and leaving at least a dozen residents homeless as a result of storm related fires. Broward became a base of operations to shuttle supplies to neighbors in devastated Dade County which suffered the brunt of the storm and caused over $25 billion in damage. Hurricane Andrew caused a massive exodus from South Dade to Broward County, filling Pembroke Pines and other Broward communities with tens of thousands of transplanted families.[16]
In the year 2000, the US census reported a total population of 1,623,018.[17] The town of South West Ranches was incorporated this year.
On March 1, 2005, West Park became Broward County's 31st municipality to be incorporated.[18]
On October 24, 2005, Hurricane Wilma hit South Florida leaving the entire area damaged and causing almost universal power outages. Wilma was the most damaging storm in Broward County since Hurricane King in 1950. Broward experienced wind speeds between 80 and 100 mph (130 and 160 km/h) which endured for about five hours.[19]
On February 14, 2018, the city of Parkland became the scene of a deadly mass shooting perpetrated by a 19-year-old former student of Stoneman Douglas High School. The trial of the perpetrator of the shooting, Nikolas Cruz, was held at the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit Court of Florida in Broward County in 2022 with Judge Elizabeth Scherer presiding. Cruz was sentenced to life without the possibility of parole.[20]
In June 2020, following the George Floyd protests, some residents called for the county to be renamed due to Governor Broward's support for segregation and the Back-to-Africa movement.[21]
الجغرافيا
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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,323 square miles (3,430 km2), of which 1,210 square miles (3,100 km2) is land and 113 square miles (290 km2) (8.5%) is water.[23]
Broward County has an average elevation of six feet (1.8 m) above sea level. It is rather new geologically and at the eastern edge of the Florida Platform, a carbonate plateau created millions of years ago. Broward County is composed of Oolite limestone while western Broward is composed mostly of Bryozoa.[24] Broward is among the last areas of Florida to be created and populated with fauna and flora, mostly in the Pleistocene.
Of developable land in Broward County, approximately 471 square miles (1,219.9 km2), the majority is built upon, as the urban area is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Everglades Wildlife Management Area to the west. Within developable land, Broward County has a population density of 3,740 per square mile (1,444 per square kilometer).
Broward approved the construction of Osborne Reef, an artificial reef made of tires off the Fort Lauderdale beach, but it has proven an environmental disaster.[25]
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المقاطعات المجاورة
- Palm Beach County - شمال
- مقاطعة ميامي-ديد - جنوب
- Collier County - غرب
- Hendry County - شمال غرب
السكان
| التعداد التاريخي | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| التعداد | Pop. | %± | |
| 1920 | 5٬135 | — | |
| 1930 | 20٬094 | 291٫3% | |
| 1940 | 39٬794 | 98�0% | |
| 1950 | 83٬933 | 110٫9% | |
| 1960 | 333٬946 | 297٫9% | |
| 1970 | 620٬100 | 85٫7% | |
| 1980 | 1٬018٬200 | 64٫2% | |
| 1990 | 1٬255٬488 | 23٫3% | |
| 2000 | 1٬623٬018 | 29٫3% | |
| 2010 | 1٬748٬066 | 7٫7% | |
| 2017 (تق.) | 1٬935٬878 | [26] | 10٫7% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[27] 1790-1960[28] 1900-1990[29] 1990-2000[30] 2010-2015[31] | |||
2015 5-Year American Community Survey
القانون والحكومة والسياسة
| الاسم | بداية المدة | نهاية المدة |
|---|---|---|
| Barbara Sharief | Nov. 17, 2016 | Nov. 17, 2017 |
| Marty Kiar | Nov. 17, 2015 | Nov. 17, 2016 |
| Tim Ryan | Nov. 18, 2014 | Nov. 17, 2015 |
| Barbara Sharief | Nov. 19, 2013 | Nov. 18, 2014 |
The Broward County Charter provides for a separation between the legislative and administrative functions of government. The Board of County Commissioners is the legislative branch of Broward County Government. The County Commission is composed of nine members elected by district. Each Commissioner must be a resident of the district for which he or she seeks election. Each year the Commission elects a mayor and vice mayor. The mayor's functions include serving as presiding officer, and as the county's official representative. The Commission appoints the County Administrator, County Attorney and County Auditor. The Commission also appoints numerous advisory and regulatory boards.
The County Commission meets in formal session the first four Tuesdays of each month at 10:00 a.m. in Room 422 of the Broward County Governmental Center. Over 507,000 cable subscribers in Broward County have access to Government-access television (GATV) coverage of Commission meetings, which are broadcast live beginning at 10:00 a.m. each Tuesday, and rebroadcast at 5:30 p.m. the following Friday. Meetings can also be viewed via webcasting at www.broward.org.
السياسة
استعراض
Broward County has voted for the Democratic candidate in most of the presidential elections in the past four decades, and has gone Democratic in every election since 1992. It voted twice for Ronald Reagan (1980, 1984) and once for George H. W. Bush (1988). From 1916 to 1972 it voted Democratic six times and Republican in nine elections. In 2008 and 2012 approximately 67.07% of the electorate voted for Democrat Barack Obama. In 2016, Democrat Hillary Clinton won 66.08% of the vote.
التاريخ الانتخابي
| السنة | الجمهوري | الديمقراطي | أحزاب ثالثة |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 29.52% 138,394 (Scott/Incumbent) | 68.02% 318,950 (Crist) | 2.46% 11,549 |
| 2010 | 33.40% 140,445 (Scott) | 64.59% 271,606 (Sink) | 2.01% 8,480 |
| 2006 | 35.09% 143,043 (Crist) | 62.81% 256,072 (Davis) | 2.10% 8,558 |
| 2002 | 40.02% 175,756 (Bush/Incumbent) | 59.05% 259,370 (McBride) | 0.93% 4,076 |
| 1998 | 37.93% 137,494 (Bush) | 62.07% 225,010 (McKay) | 0.00% 8 |
| 1994 | 34.61% 138,333 (Bush) | 65.39% 261,368 (Chiles/Incumbent) | 0.00% 11 |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Others |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 31.16% 260,951 | 66.08% 553,320 | 2.76% 23,117 |
| 2012 | 32.23% 244,101 | 67.12% 508,312 | 0.65% 4,941 |
| 2008 | 32.34% 237,729 | 67.02% 492,640 | 0.64% 4,722 |
| 2004 | 34.61% 244,674 | 64.21% 453,873 | 1.18% 8,325 |
| 2000 | 30.93% 177,939 | 67.41% 387,760 | 1.66% 9,540 |
| 1996 | 28.29% 142,870 | 63.51% 320,779 | 8.20% 41,449 |
| 1992 | 30.92% 164,832 | 51.85% 276,361 | 17.23% 91,857 |
| 1988 | 50.00% 220,316 | 49.54% 218,274 | 0.46% 2,015 |
| 1984 | 56.68% 254,608 | 43.32% 194,584 | 0.01% 34 |
| 1980 | 55.95% 229,693 | 35.64% 146,323 | 8.42% 34,545 |
| 1976 | 47.15% 161,411 | 51.55% 176,491 | 1.30% 4,441 |
| 1972 | 72.41% 196,528 | 27.31% 74,127 | 0.28% 754 |
| 1968 | 54.50% 106,122 | 29.07% 56,613 | 16.43% 31,992 |
| 1964 | 55.49% 85,264 | 44.51% 68,406 | |
| 1960 | 58.82% 68,294 | 41.18% 47,811 | |
| 1956 | 72.45% 43,552 | 27.55% 16,561 | |
| 1952 | 69.10% 26,506 | 30.90% 11,854 | |
| 1948 | 50.88% 9,933 | 36.35% 7,096 | 12.76% 2,492 |
| 1944 | 47.45% 5,583 | 52.55% 6,183 | |
| 1940 | 38.31% 3,988 | 61.69% 6,422 | |
| 1936 | 30.30% 1,906 | 69.70% 4,385 | |
| 1932 | 34.27% 1,717 | 65.73% 3,293 | |
| 1928 | 63.63% 2,889 | 34.45% 1,564 | 1.92% 87 |
| 1924 | 41.45% 407 | 42.87% 421 | 15.68% 154 |
| 1920 | 44.24% 442 | 41.54% 415 | 14.21% 142 |
| 1916 | 22.57% 158 | 54.57% 382 | 22.86% 160 |
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تسجيل الناخبين
According to the Secretary of State's office, Democrats maintain a majority among registered voters in Broward County. The county is also one of the few counties in the state where Independents outnumber Republicans.
| Population and registered voters | ||
|---|---|---|
| Total population[5] | 1,935,878 | |
| Registered voters[33] | 1,183,496 | 61.13% |
| Democratic | 594,355 | 50.22% |
| Republican | 252,182 | 21.31% |
| Democratic–Republican spread | +342,173 | +28.91% |
| Independent | 5,351 | 0.45% |
| Libertarian | 1,641 | 0.14% |
| Green | 485 | 0.04% |
| Constitution | 111 | 0.01% |
| Reform | 85 | 0.01% |
| Other | 100 | 0.00% |
| No party affiliation | 329,185 | 27.81% |
الاقتصاد
Silver Airways has its headquarters on the property of Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport in an unincorporated area. [34][35][36] Other companies with headquarters in unincorporated areas include Locair.[37]
انظر أيضاً
References
- ^ https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2018_Gazetteer/2018_gaz_counties_12.txt
- ^ https://www.broward.org/Commission/Pages/default.aspx
- ^ http://www.broward.org/Parks/PineIslandRidge/Pages/Default.aspx
- ^ Sea level at the Atlantic Ocean.
- ^ أ ب ت ث https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/browardcountyflorida
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/miamidadecountyflorida,browardcountyflorida,palmbeachcountyflorida/POP060210
- ^ Parks, Arva Moore (1991). Miami: The Magic City. Miami: Centennial Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-9629402-2-4.
- ^ "Miami Circle to Brickell Avenue – From Native to NOW! – HistoryMiami Museum". www.historymiami.org. Archived from the original on February 14, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج "broward county history". Greater Fort Lauderdale. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved 2015-10-02.
- ^ Beatty, Robert (April 10, 2008). "Wade in the Water". South Florida Times. Archived from the original on August 26, 2019. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
- ^ "Broward County History | See The Historical Timeline from 1400 BC". www.sunny.org.
- ^ أ ب https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/fl190090.txt قالب:Bare URL plain text
- ^ "Our Organization". November 2, 2015.
- ^ https://www.weather.gov/media/mfl/news/SnowArticleSouthFlorida40th.pdf[bare URL PDF]
- ^ "TPC NHC HURRICANE ANDREW". www.nhc.noaa.gov.
- ^ Bureau, U. S. Census. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2018-11-12.
- ^ "About West Park". Archived from the original on 2018-11-13. Retrieved 2018-11-12.
- ^ US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Wilma". www.weather.gov.
- ^ Spencer, Terry (2022-10-13). "Parkland school shooter spared from execution for killing 17". Associated Press (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2023-03-03.
- ^ "Why some Floridians want to rename Broward County, Plantation and Lee County". The Miami Herald. 19 June 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
- ^ http://www.usa.com/broward-county-fl-weather.htm#HistoricalTemperature
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ Notes on Florida Geography, Florida International University
- ^ "Tire reef off Florida proves a disaster - U.S. news - Environment - NBC News". NBC News. February 16, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
- ^ "American FactFinder". Retrieved March 24, 2018.
- ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
- ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
- ^ "US Census 2015 Estimate". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-06-13.
- ^ https://www.miamidade.gov/elections/library/reports/voter-registration-statistics-cumulative.pdf
- ^ "Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport > Business > Tenant Directory Archived 2011-12-27 at the Wayback Machine." Broward County. Retrieved on December 17, 2011. "1100 Lee Wagener Blvd. Fort Lauderdale, FL33315"
- ^ "Contact Us." Gulfstream International Airlines. Retrieved on December 17, 2011. "1100 Lee Wagener Blvd, Suite 201 Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33315."
- ^ "Zoning Map Archived يونيو 8, 2011 at the Wayback Machine." City of Dania Beach. Retrieved on May 12, 2010.
- ^ "Contact Us." Locair. Retrieved on June 19, 2010. "Locair, Inc. 268 SW 33rd St. Fort Lauderdale, FL 33315"
وصلات خارجية
Government links/Constitutional offices
- Broward County Government / Board of County Commissioners
- Broward County Supervisor of Elections
- Broward County Property Appraiser
- Broward County Sheriff's Office
Special districts
- Broward County Public Schools
- Broward Health (formerly North Broward Hospital District)
- South Broward Hospital District(Memorial Healthcare System)
- Broward Soil and Water Conservation District
- South Florida Water Management District
Judicial branch
- Broward County Clerk of Courts
- Broward County Clerk of Courts Records
- Broward County Public Defender
- Broward State Attorney's Office, 17th Judicial Circuit
- Circuit and County Court for the 17th Judicial Circuit of Florida
Tourism links
- Greater Fort Lauderdale Convention and Visitors Bureau
- The Waterfront News local newspaper for Broward County, Florida fully and openly available in the Florida Digital Newspaper Library
Official sites
- The Broward Alliance (Broward County's official public/private partnership for economic development)