بحر بالي
بحر بالي (إندونيسية: Laut Bali ؛ إنگليزية: Bali Sea) هو مسطح مائي شمال جزيرة بالي وجنوب جزيرة كانگيان في إندونيسيا. يشكل البحر الجزء الجنوب غربي من بحر فلورس، و مضيق مادورا ينفتح فيه من الغرب.[1]
| Bali Sea | |
|---|---|
 موقع بحر بالي، يظهر باللون الأزرق. | |
  Bali Sea | |
| الاحداثيات | 7°30′S 115°30′E / 7.500°S 115.500°ECoordinates: 7°30′S 115°30′E / 7.500°S 115.500°E |
| النوع | بحر |
| الاسم المحلي | [Laut Bali (إندونيسية)] Error: {{Native name}}: missing language tag (help) (language?) |
| بلدان الحوض | إندونيسيا |
| مساحة السطح | 45,000 km2 (17,000 sq mi) |
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الجغرافيا
بحر بالي أحياناً يُجمع مع بحر فلورس لأغراض علم المحيطات؛ إلا أنه في بعض الخرائط الملاحية، نجد بحر بالي مكتوباً كبحر منفصل للملاحة. The sea has an area of 45,000 km2 (17,000 sq mi) and a maximum depth of 1,590 m (5,217 ft).[2]
الامتداد
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the Bali Sea as being one of the waters of the أرخبيل الهند الشرقية. The IHO defines its limits as follows:[3]
On the North. A line from the Western Paternoster Island to the East point of Sepandjang and thence through this island to the West point of Gedeh Bay on the South coast of Kangean (7°01′S 115°18′E / 7.017°S 115.300°E).
On the West. A line from the West point of Gedeh Bay, Kangean Island, to Tg Sedano, the Northeast extreme of Java and down the East coast to Tg Bantenan, the Southeast extreme of the island.
On the South. A line from Tanjong Banenan through the Southern points of Balt [ك] and Noesa Islands to Tanjong Bt Gendang, the Southwest extreme of Lombok, and its South coast to Tanjong Ringgit the Southeast extreme, thence a line to Tanjong Mangkoen (9°01′S 116°43′E / 9.017°S 116.717°E) the Southwest extreme of Soembawa.
On the East. The West and North coasts of Soembawa as far East as Tanjong Sarokaja (8°22′S 117°10′E / 8.367°S 117.167°E), thence the Western limit of Flores Sea [A line from Tg Sarokaja to the Western Paternoster island (7°26′S 117°08′E / 7.433°S 117.133°E)].
دوران الماء
The circulation and mass water properties in Bali Sea are a continuation from Flores Sea to the Java Sea in the north. In oceanographic, Bali Sea is concerned with the Indonesian Throughflow coming from Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean, the flow of which are mostly passing through Bali Strait and Lombok Strait.[4]
المد العاتي
In a recorded tsunami history, Bali Sea observed several tsunamis. The 1815 Tambora eruption (scale 7 of Volcanic Explosivity Index) formed tsunamis on 22 September 1815 at coordinate 8°00′S 115°12′E / 8.00°S 115.20°E and three years later (8 September 1818) from subsequent volcanic activities at coordinate 7°00′S 117°00′E / 7.0°S 117.0°E.[5] Two more tsunamis were recorded in 1857 and 1917 with maximum heights of 3 and 2 meters (9.8 and 6.6 ft) respectively.[5]
الحوادث
2021
- On 21 April 2021, an Indonesian navy submarine called KRI Nanggala (402) was reported as missing in waters about 95 km (51 nautical miles) north of Bali during its torpedo drill.[6][7] Few days later, debris was found within 10 nmi (19 km; 12 mi) of the point of last contact and was believed to have come from the submarine. Nanggala was later declared sunk along with 53 people on board, including 49 crew members, 1 commander, and 3 weapons specialists.[8][9]
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 1997. ISBN 0-87779-546-0.
- ^ Steven K. Baum (August 17, 2001). "Glossary of Physical Oceanography and Related Disciplines". Texas A&M University. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
- ^ "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition" (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ Rhodes W. Fairbridge (2000). The Encyclopedia of Oceanography. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. ISBN 0-442-15070-9.
- ^ أ ب National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events where Source Location Name includes bali sea". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
- ^ Pattisina, Edna C; Puttranto, Angger (21 April 2021). "Kapal Selam KRI Nanggala-402 Hilang di Utara Bali". kompas.id (in الإندونيسية). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
- ^ "Indonesian navy checking on submarine after failure to report back from exercise". Reuters. 21 April 2021. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
- ^ Rompies, Chris Barrett, Karuni (24 April 2021). "Indonesian submarine declared sunk after debris found". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 2021-04-24. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Indonesian navy searching for missing submarine with 53 on board; oil spill found near dive position". CNA. 21 April 2021. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.