پلويشتي
پلويشتي (Ploiești ؛ UK /plɔɪˈɛʃti/؛ الأمريكي /plɔːˈjɛʃt(i)/؛[4][5][6][7] رومانية: [ploˈjeʃtʲ]) مدينة تقع على بعد 60 كم شمال عاصمة رومانيا بوخارست، عاصمة مقاطعة پراهوڤا. عدد سكانها 232.452 نسمة (إحصاء 2002).
پلويشتي
Ploiești | |
|---|---|
.JPG)   .JPG) .JPG) Left to right: Nicolae Simache Clock Museum, St. John the Baptist Cathedral, the former Creditul Prahovei, the Ghiță Stoenescu House, the Radu Stanian House. | |
 Coat of arms | |
| الكنية: Capitala Aurului Negru (English: Capital of Black Gold) | |
 الموقع في مقاطعة پراهوڤا | |
  پلويشتي Location of Ploiești within Romania | |
| الإحداثيات: 44°56′N 26°2′E / 44.933°N 26.033°ECoordinates: 44°56′N 26°2′E / 44.933°N 26.033°E | |
| البلد |  رومانيا |
| المقاطعة |  پراهوڤا |
| الوضع | County seat |
| الحكومة | |
| • العمدة (2020–2024) | Andrei Volosevici[1] (PNL) |
| المساحة | |
| • مدينة | 58٫28 كم² (22٫50 ميل²) |
| المنسوب | 160 m (520 ft) |
| التعداد | |
| • مدينة | 209٬945 |
| • Estimate (2016)[3] | 233٬663 |
| • الكثافة | 3٬394/km2 (8٬790/sq mi) |
| • العمرانية | 266٬4571 |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 100xxx |
| مفتاح الهاتف | (+40) 44 |
| Car plate | PH |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | www |
| 1 Ploiești metropolitan area is a proposed project. | |
Part of the historical region of Muntenia, it is located 56 km (35 mi) north of Bucharest. The area of the city is around 60 km2 (23 sq mi). It borders the Blejoi commune in the North, Bărcănești and Brazi communes in the South, Târgșoru Vechi in the West and Bucov and Berceni communes in the East. Ploiești has direct access to the Prahova Valley, one of the most important alpine tourism areas in Romania.
Ploiești is an important transport hub, linking Bucharest with Transylvania and Moldavia. According to the 2011 Romanian census, there were 201,226 people living within the city of Ploiești, making it the 9th most populous in the country.
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التاريخ
(monthly metric tonnes):[8]
- Astra Romania (146,000)
- Colombia Aquila (45,000)
- Concordia Vega (110,000)
- Creditul Minier (45,000)
- Dacia Romana (15,000)
- Phoenix (65,000)
- Romana Americana (92,000)
- Standard Petrol Block[1] (36,000)
- Unirea Sperantza (33,000)
- Xenia (22,000)
الحرب العالمية الثانية
المناحي التاريخية
| Census | Ethnic composition | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| السنة | التعداد | رومانيون | مجر | ألمان | صرب | يهود | غجر | روس | يونان | أوكران | |
| 1930 | 79,149 | 69,139 | 1,591 | 1,307 | |||||||
| 2011 | 201,226 | 199,221 | 109 | 69 | - | - | 1289 | 44 | - | 8 | |
الاقتصاد
.JPG)
.jpg) Headquarters of Petrom, Romanian oil company and largest corporation in country |
الديمغرافيا
| التعداد التاريخي | ||
|---|---|---|
| السنة | تعداد | ±% |
| 1810 | 2٬024 | — |
| 1859 | 26٬468 | +1207.7% |
| 1899 | 45٬107 | +70.4% |
| 1912 | 56٬460 | +25.2% |
| 1930 | 79٬149 | +40.2% |
| 1948 | 95٬632 | +20.8% |
| 1956 | 114٬544 | +19.8% |
| 1966 | 146٬922 | +28.3% |
| 1977 | 199٬699 | +35.9% |
| 1992 | 252٬715 | +26.5% |
| 2002 | 232٬527 | −8.0% |
| 2011 | 209٬945 | −9.7% |
| المصدر: Census data | ||
أقرب البلدات
| Town | Direction | Distance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| straight line distance | road distance | rail distance | ||
| București | S | 56 km | 60 km | 59 km |
| Brăila | E | 155 km | 170 km | 176 km |
| Pitești | W | 91 km | 111 km | 149 km |
| Brașov | NW | 86 km | 114 km | 110 km |
| Târgoviște | V | 46 km | 51 km | 52 km |
| Buzău | NE | 66 km | 71 km | 69 km |
| Urziceni | SE | 55 km | 60 km | 55 km |
الجيولوجيا
The Mio-Pliocene Zone in the Ploiești region has been exploited for hydrocarbons and coal since the 19th Century.[9] The zone extends from the flysch on the north to the Moesian Platform on the south.[10] The zone is marked by alternating deposits of Clay, Marl, Shale and Sand, conglomerate, Salt and Limestone.[11] Structural traps and stratigraphic traps are formed from Salt Diapirism which gave rise to anticline folds and faulting.[11] There are four major alignments of the anticlines, all parallel to the Carpathian Range.[11] Pliocene sands are the main oil and gas producers, in particular the Meotian (60%) and Dacian (29%), followed by the Miocene Sarmatian (5%) but some oil exists in Miocene Helvetian and Oligocene sandstones.[12] Major producing structures include Moreni-Gura Ocnitei, Baicoi-Tintea and Boldesti.[11]
![Stratigraphic column of Eastern Carpathians and Moesian Platform[13]](/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Carpathian_Basin_3.jpg)
![Cross Section of Carpathian Bend[14]](/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Carpathian_Basin_2.jpg)
![Geologic features of the Carpathians[15]](/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Carpathian_Basin.jpg)
الجغرافيا
أقرب البلدات
| البلدة | الاتجاه | المسافة | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| straight line distance | road distance | rail distance | ||
| București | S | 56 كم | 60 كم | 59 كم |
| Brăila | E | 155 km | 170 km | 176 km |
| Pitești | W | 91 km | 111 km | 149 km |
| Brașov | NW | 86 km | 114 km | 110 km |
| Târgoviște | V | 46 km | 51 km | 52 km |
| Buzău | NE | 66 km | 71 km | 69 km |
| Urziceni | SE | 55 km | 60 km | 55 km |
المناخ
| بيانات مناخ پلويشتي | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 1 (34) |
4 (39) |
10 (50) |
18 (64) |
23 (73) |
27 (81) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
24 (75) |
18 (64) |
10 (50) |
3 (37) |
16٫2 (61٫2) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | -6 (21) |
-3 (27) |
0 (32) |
6 (43) |
10 (50) |
14 (57) |
16 (61) |
15 (59) |
11 (52) |
6 (43) |
1 (34) |
-3 (27) |
5٫6 (42٫1) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 40.6 (1.598) |
35.6 (1.402) |
38.1 (1.5) |
45.7 (1.799) |
71.1 (2.799) |
76.2 (3) |
63.5 (2.5) |
58.4 (2.299) |
43.2 (1.701) |
33 (1.3) |
48.3 (1.902) |
43.2 (1.701) |
596٫9 (23٫5) |
| Source: Weather Channel | |||||||||||||
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السياسة
The Ploiești Municipal Council, elected in the 2012 local elections, is made up of 27 councillors, with the following party composition:
| الحزب | المقاعد | المجلس الحالي | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 51.9% | Social Liberal Union | 14 | ||||||||||||||
| 37% | Democratic Liberal Party | 10 | ||||||||||||||
| 11.1% | People's Party – Dan Diaconescu | 3 | ||||||||||||||
العلاقات الدولية
البلدات التوأم - المدن الشقيقة
پلويشتي متوأمة مع:
|
سكان البلدة
- Sports: Octavian Belu, Alexandru Dedu, Leonard Doroftei, Adrian Diaconu, Laurenţiu Toma
- Architecture: Toma T. Socolescu
- Politics: Take Ionescu, Ştefan Gheorghiu (trade unionist), Corneliu Mănescu, Remus Opriş
- Academia: Liviu Librescu, Nicolae Simache
- Literature: Nichita Stănescu, Ion Stratan, Lucian Avramescu
- Science: Carol Nicolae Debie, Basarab Nicolescu
- Music: Leonida Constantin Brezeanu, Andreea Bălan, Ovidiu Bălan, Cezar Ouatu
معرض الصور
Synagogue
School of Arts and Crafts
St. George belfry
St. John the Baptist Cathedral
Museum of History and Archaeology
Nicolae Simache Clock Museum
Central Market Hall
Holy Voivodes Church
- Ilie Oana Stadium - Official Training - June 2014.png
Ilie Oană Stadium
.JPG)
.JPG)
انظر أيضاً
الملاحظات والمراجع
- ^1 Sources provide differing estimates regarding Romanian production:
- 1942: The Axis Oil Position in Europe, November 1942 by the Hartley Committee estimated that "Romanian oil fields" contributed 33% of Axis supplies.[18]
- 1944: "Ploiești, thirty-five miles (8.0 km) from Bucharest, supplied one-third of all the oil fuel Germany required for war purposes."[19]
- 1999: The fragile, concentrated Bucharest facilities provided "60% of Germany's crude oil supply"[20]
- ^ "Results of the 2020 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 9 يونيو 2021.
- ^ "2011 Census press release" (PDF) (in الرومانية). INSSE Prahova. February 2, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 1, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
- ^ "Populaţia României pe localitati la 1 ianuarie 2016" (in الرومانية). INSSE. 6 June 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-10-27. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
- ^ قالب:Cite American Heritage Dictionary
- ^ "Ploeşti". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
- ^ "Ploiești" (US) and قالب:Cite Oxford Dictionaries
- ^ قالب:Cite Merriam-Webster
- ^ "U.S. Air Force photo" [ك] [diagram] in Gurney, Gene (Major, USAF) (1962). "The War in the Air: a pictorial history of World War II Air Forces in combat". New York: Bonanza Books: 121.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Paraschiv, P., and Olteau, G., Oil Fields of Ploiești District, Romania, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields, AAPG Memoir 14, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1970, p. 401.
- ^ Paraschiv, P., and Olteau, G., Oil Fields of Ploiești District, Romania, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields, AAPG Memoir 14, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1970, p. 399.
- ^ أ ب ت ث Paraschiv, P., and Olteau, G., Oil Fields of Ploiești District, Romania, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields, AAPG Memoir 14, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1970, p. 425.
- ^ Paraschiv, P., and Olteau, G., Oil Fields of Ploieşti District, Romania, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields, AAPG Memoir 14, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1970, p. 415.
- ^ Pawlewicz, M., Total Petroleum Systems of the Carpathian-Balkanian Basin Province of Romania and Bulgaria, US Dept. Interior USGS Bulletin 2204-F, 2007, p. 9
- ^ Pawlewicz, M., Total Petroleum Systems of the Carpathian-Balkanian Basin Province of Romania and Bulgaria, US Dept. Interior USGS Bulletin 2204-F, 2007, p. 6
- ^ Pawlewicz, M., Total Petroleum Systems of the Carpathian-Balkanian Basin Province of Romania and Bulgaria, US Dept. Interior USGS Bulletin 2204-F, 2007, p. 5
- ^ "Radom - Miasta partnerskie". Miasto Radom [City of Radom] (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2013-04-03. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Radom - miasta partnerskie" (in Polish). radom.naszestrony.pl. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^
US Secretary (January 1943). Casablanca Conference: Papers and Minutes of Meetings. Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library; COMBINED CHIEFS OF STAFF: Conference proceedings, 1941–1945; Box 1: Office of the Combined Chiefs of Staff. pp. 40–43, 88, 256.
Brehon Somervell[inside front cover] … DECLASSIFIED … 10/29/73 … U.S. SECRET … BRITISH MOST SECRET … COPY NO. 32[inside back cover]
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Turner, S.J., F. R. G. S -- maps (1944). Vol. 2 [September 3, 1941—August 15, 1943]. Wm. H. Wise & Co., Inc. pp. 519–1020 [986].
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Modrovsky, Robert J. (April 1999). 1 August 1943 -- Today's Target is Ploesti: A Departure from Doctrine (pdf). p. 4.
{{cite book}}:|format=requires|url=(help)
وصلات خارجية
- Website of the town hall of Ploieşti
- (Romanian) RepublicaPloieşti.net is a site specializing in architectural history of the City of Ploieşti. It contains numerous photographs of the city taken between the beginning of the twentieth and 1945.
- Tramway in Ploieşti
- (Romanian) Map of Ploiești with route planning, points of interest, public transport