Order of the Rising Sun

إذا كنت تريد the Indian chivalric order، انظر Most Noble Order of the Rising Sun . إذا كنت تريد the early 20th century, "World Teacher"–related organization، انظر Order of the Star in the East#Order of the Rising Sun.
Order of the Rising Sun
旭日章
ملف:Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun.png
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class)
يمنحه the Emperor of Japan
وسام من
النوعOrder
يُمنح من أجلMeritorious service to the state
الوضعCurrently constituted
SovereignHM The Emperor
الدرجات1st through 8th Class (1875–2003)
Since 2003:
Grand Cordon
Gold and Silver Star (Rays, Principal Grade)
Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (Cordon, Middle Grade)
Gold Rays with Rosette (Cordon, Junior Grade)
Gold and Silver Rays (Double Rays)
Silver Rays (Single Ray)
الإحصائيات
تأسس10 April 1875
الترتيب
التالي (الأعلى)Order of the Paulownia Flowers
نفس الترتيبOrder of the Sacred Treasure
Order of the Precious Crown
Order of Culture

The Order of the Rising Sun (旭日章, Kyokujitsu-shō) is a Japanese order, established in 1875 by Emperor Meiji. The Order was the first national decoration awarded by the Japanese government,[2] created on 10 April 1875 by decree of the Council of State.[3][4] The badge features rays of sunlight from the rising sun. The design of the Rising Sun symbolizes energy as powerful as the rising sun[5] in parallel with the "rising sun" concept of Japan ("Land of the Rising Sun").

The Order of the Rising Sun is awarded to people who have rendered distinguished service to the state in various fields except military service. Since there is no order for military achievements under the current Japanese system, Japan Self-Defense Forces personnel are awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure for their long engagement in public service.[6] Prior to the end of World War II, it was also awarded for exemplary military service. In 2003, the 7th and 8th Class, which were at the bottom of the Order of the Rising Sun, were abolished, and the upper half of the 1st Class (勲一等, Kun-ittō) was separated as the Order of the Paulownia Flowers, which was higher than the Order of the Rising Sun.[7]

Until 2003, the Order of the Rising Sun was on the same rank as the Order of the Precious Crown, with the Order of the Rising Sun being for men only and the Order of the Precious Crown for women only.[8] The Order of the Sacred Treasure was treated as an order of slightly lower rank than the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown. For example, the 1st class of the Order of the Sacred Treasure was placed between the 1st class and the 2nd class of the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown, and the 2nd class of the Order of the Sacred Treasure was placed between the 2nd class and the 3rd class of the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown.[8]

Since 2003, the Order of the Rising Sun has been awarded not only to men but also to women, and the Order of the Precious Crown has become a special order given only to female members of the imperial family in Japan and female members of royal families in foreign countries, only when it is specifically necessary for diplomatic ceremonies.[8] The Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Sacred Treasure became the same rank of orders,[8] and one of them came to be awarded because of the difference in the nature of the contribution to the state.[9] The Order of the Rising Sun is awarded with an emphasis on achievements to the state, and the Order of the Sacred Treasure is awarded with an emphasis on long-term public service.[10]

While it is the third highest order bestowed by the Japanese government, it is however generally the highest ordinarily conferred order. The highest Japanese order, the Order of the Chrysanthemum, is reserved for heads of state or royalty, while the second highest order, the Order of the Paulownia Flowers, is mostly reserved for politicians.

The modern version of this honour has been conferred on non-Japanese recipients beginning in 1981 (although several foreigners were given the honor before World War II).[11] The awarding of the Order is administered by the Decoration Bureau of the Cabinet Office headed by the Japanese prime minister. It is awarded in the name of the emperor and can be awarded posthumously.

Since 2003, the number representing rank included in the official name of the order was removed. As a result, although numbers representing ranks were sometimes used in common names, the formal names such as 勲一等 (Kun-ittō, First Class) and 勲二等 (Kun-nitō, Second Class) were no longer used.[9]

Criteria for awarding

US Navy Admiral Dennis C. Blair (2002). He was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class) for his contribution to the stability and development of the international community.

The Order of the Rising Sun is awarded to the following contributions of women, men or other persons;[12]

  • to the stability and development of the international community.
  • to the realization of appropriate tax payment.
  • to the promotion of school education or social education.
  • to the promotion of culture or sports.
  • to the promotion of science and technology.
  • to the improvement and promotion of social welfare.
  • to the improvement and promotion of the health or public health of citizens.
  • to the improvement of the working environment for workers.
  • to environmental conservation.

The same conditions are valid for a person who

  • is engaged in the business of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, commerce, mining, industry, information and communications industry, construction industry, real estate industry, finance and insurance industry, service industry, etc., and has contributed to the public interest by developing the economy and industry.
  • has contributed to the public interest by engaging in the services of an attorney, certified public accountant, patent attorney, etc.
  • contributed to the public interest by engaging in the work of newspapers, broadcasting or other news reporting.
  • is engaged in a public interest business such as Electricity Business, Gas Business, Transportation Business, etc. and has contributed to the promotion of public welfare.
  • A person other than those listed in the preceding items who has contributed to the public interest.

Among them, regulations on the criteria for awarding orders to those who belong to the National Diet, the central and local governments, and courts stipulate in detail which ranks are awarded for each position. For example, the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class) is awarded to a person who has made outstanding achievements in his/her position as Prime Minister, Speaker of the House of Representatives, President of the House of Councillors, or Chief Justice of Japan. The Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class) or the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Rays (2nd class) are awarded to a person who has made outstanding achievements in his/her position as Minister of State, Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary, Senior Vice-Minister, Vice Speaker of the House of Representatives, Vice President of the House of Councilors, or Judge of the Supreme Court.[13]

Classes

The Order was awarded in nine classes until 2003, when the Grand Cordon with Paulownia Flowers was made a separate order, and the lowest two classes were abolished. Since then, it has been awarded in six classes. Conventionally, a diploma is prepared to accompany the insignia of the order, and in some rare instances, the personal signature of the Emperor will have been added. As an illustration of the wording of the text, a translation of a representative 1929 diploma says:

By the grace of Heaven, Emperor of Japan, seated on the throne occupied by the same dynasty from time immemorial,

We confer the Second Class of the Imperial Order of Meiji upon Henry Waters Taft, a citizen of the United States of America and a director of the Japan Society of New York, and invest him with the insignia of the same class of the Order of the Double Rays of the Rising Sun, in expression of the good will which we entertain towards him.

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hand and caused the Grand Seal of State to be affixed at the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, this thirteenth day of the fifth month of the fourth year of Shōwa, corresponding to the 2,589th year from the accession to the throne of Emperor Jimmu."[14]

Insignia

The star for the Grand Cordon and Second Class is a silver star of eight points, each point having three alternating silver rays; the central emblem is identical to the badge. It is worn on the left chest for the Grand Cordon and on the right chest for the 2nd Class.

The badge for the Grand Cordon to Sixth Classes is an eight-pointed badge bearing a central red enamelled sun disc, with gilt points (1st–4th Classes), with four gilt and four silver points (5th Class), or with silver points (6th Class); each point comprises three white enamelled rays. It is suspended from three enamelled paulownia leaves (not chrysanthemum leaves as the Decoration Bureau page claims) on a ribbon in white with red border stripes, worn as a sash from the right shoulder for the Grand Cordon, as a necklet for the 2nd and 3rd Classes and on the left chest for the 4th to 6th Classes (with a rosette for the 4th Class).

The badge for the Seventh and Eighth Classes consisted of a silver medal in the shape of three paulownia leaves, enamelled for the 7th Class and plain for the 8th Class. Both were suspended on a ribbon, again in white with red border stripes, and worn on the left chest. Both classes were abolished in 2003 and replaced by the Order of the Paulownia Flowers, a single-class order that now ranks above the Order of the Rising Sun.

  • Separated into higher order in 2003. (Upper half of the 1st Class before 2003)
    Separated into higher order in 2003. (Upper half of the 1st Class before 2003)
  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class)
    Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class)
  • The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star (2nd class)
    The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star (2nd class)
  • The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (3rd class)
    The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (3rd class)
  • The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette (4th class)
    The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette (4th class)
  • The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Rays (5th class)
    The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Rays (5th class)
  • The Order of the Rising Sun, Silver Rays (6th class)
    The Order of the Rising Sun, Silver Rays (6th class)
  • 7th Class (Abolished in 2003)
    7th Class (Abolished in 2003)
  • 8th Class (Abolished in 2003)
    8th Class (Abolished in 2003)

Notable recipients

هذه قائمة غير كاملة، قد يستحيل أن تستوفي بعض معايير الاكتمال.
التعديلات والإضافات المدعومة بمراجع مرحب بها.

1st Class, Grand Cordon

ribbon bar

2nd Class, Gold and Silver Star

ribbon bar

3rd Class, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon

ribbon bar

[check quotation syntax]* David Russell, 2010[266]

4th Class, Gold Rays with Rosette

ribbon bar

5th Class, Gold and Silver Rays

ribbon bar

6th Class, Silver Rays

ribbon bar

7th Class, Green Paulownia Leaves Medal

ribbon bar

In 2003, the 7th and 8th levels – named for leaves of the Paulownia tree, long used as a mon (emblem) for the highest levels of Japanese society – were moved to a new and distinct order, the single-class Order of the Paulownia Flowers.[7]

8th Class, white Paulownia Leaves Medal

ribbon bar

In 2003, the 7th and 8th levels – named for leaves of the Paulownia tree, long used as a mon (emblem) for the highest levels of Japanese society – were moved to a new and distinct order, the single-class Order of the Paulownia Flowers.[7]

Class unknown

ribbon bar

See also

References

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  352. ^ Honor conferred 1964: North Austin Tae Kwan Do: "Chronology of the Life of Morihei Ueshiba, Founder of Aikido."
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  363. ^ "Award-winning Journalist Daniela Kaneva Dies at 87". www.bta.bg.
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  365. ^ "Lori Matsukawa, Tom Sasaki Win Imperial Awards", North American Post, 22 May 2022, https://napost.com/2022/lori-matsukawa-tom-sasaki-win-imperial-awards/ 
  366. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan; 2012 Autumn Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals, p. 6.
  367. ^ Cordileone, Elvira. "Kenzo Mori: An impact on two shores," The Star (Toronto). 22 January 2007.
  368. ^ Unpaginated editors' chronology appended to Kiyoshi Nishiyama, Shunkō shūshoku (春光秋色) / Seasonal Aspects of Japan (Tokyo: Asahi Sonorama, 1979) (in يابانية and إنگليزية).
  369. ^ Chinen, Karleen C. (2012). Hawaii's AJA Pioneers: One hundred profiles commemorating the centennial of the Hawaii Hochi. Honolulu: Hawaii Hochi. pp. 18–19.
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  377. ^ ""Reception in Honor of Mr. Seiichi Tanaka, Grand Master of San Francisco Taiko Dojo", Consulate-General of Japan in San Francisco, 13 February 2014". Archived from the original on 23 أكتوبر 2015.
  378. ^ "Otra condecoración para la diputada Alicia Terada" (in الإسبانية). 9 أغسطس 2017. Retrieved 27 يوليو 2021.
  379. ^ "Obituary". British Medical Journal. 2 (3844): 496. 1934. PMC 2445123. PMID 20778528.
  380. ^ "Ted Tsukiyama", Discover Nikkei, 2019, http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/author/tsukiyama-ted/ 
  381. ^ "Wheeler Work in Japan Translated into English | Concord, MA Patch". Patch.com. 7 أغسطس 2010. Retrieved 3 مايو 2022.
  382. ^ Tetsuo Takasaki, Hyōden oyatoi Amerikajin seinen kyōshi: Uiriamu Hoīrā = William Wheeler, 1851–1932 (Tōkyō : Kajima Shuppankai, 2004).
  383. ^ Honor awarded 1983: "Origami artist of stunning originality who became an ambassador for Japanese culture and his art". The Times (London). 30 March 2005; Lister, David. "Obituary: Akira Yoshizawa; Japanese craftsman who singlehandedly revived the art of origami," The Guardian (Manchester). 8 April 2005.
  384. ^ "한국사데이터베이스". db.history.go.kr. Retrieved 16 مارس 2022.
  385. ^ Honor awarded on 1971: Henshall, Mary. "Pioneer Portraits: Henry and Fumiko Fujii," Idaho Yesterdays., Spring, 1975, pp. 20–27; Washington State University Libraries: "Furthering friendship between Japan and the United States, April 1971" Archived 9 يونيو 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  386. ^ "Wybrane epizody w historii stosunków japońsko-polskich Polish Embassy" (PDF). Retrieved 9 يوليو 2023.
  387. ^ "Jack Road". www.jackroad.co.jp.
  388. ^ "Browning, Ralph (Tom)". AVHoF.org. 5 Pints Productions. Retrieved 14 أغسطس 2018.
  389. ^ Honor awarded in 1906: "Cruiser 'Livia' in Kobe to Greet Italians", Osaka Mainichi. 28 July 1922.
  390. ^ Men & Women of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporaries. New York: L.R. Hamersly. 1910. p. 362.
  391. ^ Craig, Albert M. (2010). The heritage of Japanese Civilization. Boston: Prentice Hall. pp. Author Bio. ISBN 978-0-13-600524-7.
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  393. ^ "Uncle Bob", Time, 10 September 1945.
  394. ^ "A. John Ellis". Simon Fraser University. Archived from the original on 19 مارس 2014.
  395. ^ Arlington National Cemetery: Granville Roland Foretscue Archived 15 سبتمبر 2016 at the Wayback Machine
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  398. ^ Honor awarded 1891: Penicuik Community Development Trust (UK): Cargill Gilston Knott
  399. ^ "amb. Henryk LIPSZYC" (PDF).
  400. ^ Ozaki, Yukio. (2001). The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan, p. 393.
  401. ^ Honor awarded 1918: RAF web page
  402. ^ Honor awarded 1994: Weatherhead East Asian Institute, The Reed
  403. ^ Honor awarded 1874: "A Victory for the Chinese; Japanese Driven with Heavy Loss from Ping-yang", The New York Times, 22 August 1894.
  404. ^ emabe.pl (23 أكتوبر 2011). "WIADOMOŚCI - Spotkanie z prof. Franciszkiem Ziejką".
  405. ^ روسية: «Полный послужной список Корпуса Инженер Механиков Генерал-Майора Зарубина 1-го» (ЦГАВМФ СССР Фонд 406 опись 3 дело 960 лист 21 (оборотный)); إنگليزية: "A full track record of Mechanical Engineering Corps Major-General Zarubin 1st" (Central State Archive of the Navy of the Soviet Union (Russian State Naval Archives now), Fond 406 inventory 3 file 960 sheet 21 (reverse side))

Further reading

  • Peterson, James W., Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley (2001). Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States. San Ramon, California: Orders and Medals Society of America. ISBN 1-890974-09-9.

External links

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