المعرفة

پيسو مكسيكي

(تم التحويل من Mexican peso)

البيزو (sign: $; code: MXN) هو العملة الرسمية في المكسيك ويساوي 100 سنتافوس. Modern peso and dollar currencies have a common origin in the 15th–19th century Spanish dollar, most continuing to use its sign, "$".[1] The Mexican peso is the 15th most traded currency in the world, the third most traded currency from the Americas (after the United States dollar and Canadian dollar), and the most traded currency from Latin America.[2]

1 Peso (1982).jpg
پيسو مكسيكي
Peso Mexicano (إسپانية)
ISO 4217
الكودMXN
الرقم484
الأس2
الفئات
الوحدات الفرعية
 1/100سنتاڤو
الرمز$ or Mex$
 سنتاڤو¢
الأوراق النقدية
 شائع الاستخدام$20, $50, $100, $200, $500
 نادر الاستخدام$1,000
العملات
 شائع الاستخدام10¢, 20¢, 50¢, $1, $2, $5, $10, $20
 نادر الاستخدام5¢, $25, $50, $100
الديمغرافيا
المستخدم(ون)Flag of المكسيك المكسيك
الإصدار
البنك المركزيبنك المكسيك
 الموقع الإلكترونيwww.banxico.org.mx
الطباعةBank of Mexico
 الموقع الإلكترونيwww.banxico.org.mx
مصلحة صك العملةCasa de Moneda de México
 الموقع الإلكترونيwww.cmm.gob.mx
القيمة
التضخم3.95% (July 2019)
 المصدرBanco de Mexico, July 2019

The current ISO 4217 code for the peso is MXN; prior to the 1993 revaluation (see below), the code MXP was used. The peso is subdivided into 100 centavos, represented by "¢". اعتبارا من 21 مايو 2020 (2020-05-21), the peso's exchange rate was $25.07 per euro and $22.89 per U.S. dollar.[3]

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أصل الاسم

 
Spanish Dollar 1761.

The name was first used in reference to pesos oro (gold weights) or pesos plata (silver weights). The Spanish word peso means "weight". Compare the British pound sterling.

Other countries that use pesos are: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, the Philippines, and Uruguay.[4]


التاريخ

أول پيسو

 
Copper coin of 8 real minted during the War of Independence.


الپيسو الجديد

 
Mexican currency 1856 of Guanajuato with the legend "EST. LIB. DE GUANAXUATO" on the back.
1992 Series [5][6]
Value Technical parameters Description Minting history
Diameter Weight Composition Edge Obverse Reverse Year Quantity
5¢ 15.5 mm 1.58 g Stainless steel
16% ~ 18% chromium
0.75% nickel, maximum
0.12% carbon, maximum
1% silicon, maximum
1% manganese, maximum
0.03% sulfur, maximum
0.04% phosphorus, maximum
remaining of iron 		Plain State title, coat of arms Stylized image of the solar rays of the “Ring of the Quincunxes of the Sun Stone.” 1992 136'800,000
10¢ 17 mm 2.08 g Stylized image of the “Ring of the Sacrifice of the Sun Stone.” 1992 ###,###
10¢ 14 mm 1.755 g Slotted State title, coat of arms Stylized image of the “Ring of the Sacrifice of the Sun Stone.” 2009 ###,###
20¢ 19.5 mm (shortest)
Dodecagon 		3.04 g Aluminium bronze
92% copper
6% aluminium
2% nickel 		Plain State title, coat of arms Stylized image of the “Thirteenth Acatl Day of the Sun Stone.” 1992 ###,###
20¢ 15.3 mm 2.258 g Stainless steel
16% ~ 18% chromium
0.75% nickel, maximum
0.12% carbon, maximum
1% silicon, maximum
1% manganese, maximum
0.03% sulfur, maximum
0.04% phosphorus, maximum
remaining of iron 		Segmented reeding State title, coat of arms Stylized image of the “Thirteenth Acatl Day of the Sun Stone.” 2009 ###,###
50¢ 22 mm
Scalloped shape 		4.39 g Aluminium bronze
92% copper
6% aluminium
2% nickel 		Plain State title, coat of arms Stylized image of the “Ring of Acceptance of the Sun Stone.” 1992 ###,###
50¢ 17 mm 3.103 g Stainless steel
16% ~ 18% chromium
0.75% nickel, maximum
0.12% carbon, maximum
1% silicon, maximum
1% manganese, maximum
0.03% sulfur, maximum
0.04% phosphorus, maximum
remaining of iron 		Reeded edge State title, coat of arms Stylized image of the “Ring of Acceptance of the Sun Stone.” 2009 ###,###
N$1
or $1 		21 mm 3.95 g
R: 2.14 g
C: 1.81 g 		Ring: Stainless steel (as 10¢)
Center: Aluminium bronze (as 50¢) 		Plain State title, coat of arms Stylized image of the “Ring of Splendor of the Sun Stone.” N$: 1992
$: 1996 		###,###
N$2
or $2 		23 mm 5.19 g
R: 2.81 g
C: 2.38 g 		Stylized image of the “Ring of the Days of the Sun Stone.” ###,###
N$5
or $5 		25.5 mm 7.07 g
R: 3.82 g
C: 3.25 g 		Stylized image of the “Ring of the Serpents of the Sun Stone.” ###,###
$10 28 mm 10.329 g
R: 5.579 g
C: 4.75 g 		Ring: Aluminium bronze (as 50¢)
Center:
65% copper
25% zinc
10% nickel 		Reeded edge State title, coat of arms Circle of the Sun Stone representing Tonatiuh with the fire mask. 1997 ###-###
Commemorative Coins (selected) [7]
Value Technical parameters Description Minting history
Diameter Weight Composition Edge Obverse Reverse Year Quantity
$5 25.5 mm 7.07 g
R: 3.82 g
C: 3.25 g 		Ring: Stainless steel (as 10¢)
Center: Aluminium bronze (as 50¢) 		Reeded edge State title, coat of arms Mexican Bicentennial Series 2008-2010 ###-###
N$10
or $10 		28 mm 11.183 g
R: 5.579 g
C: 5.604 g 		Ring: Aluminium bronze (as 50¢)
Center:
92.5% silver (1/6oz)
7.5% copper 		Reeded edge State title, coat of arms Circle of the Sun Stone representing Tonatiuh with the fire mask. N$: 1992
$: 1996 		###-###
$10 28 mm 10.329 g
R: 5.579 g
C: 4.75 g 		Ring: Aluminium bronze (as 50¢)
Center:
65% copper
25% zinc
10% nickel 		Inscription State title, coat of arms Value, Tonatiuh from the Aztec sun stone at the center, "AÑO 2000" or "AÑO 2001" instead of "DIEZ PESOS" as commemorative legend 2000 ###-###
N$20 32 mm 16.996 g
R: 8.59 g
C: 8.406 g 		Ring: Aluminium bronze (as 50¢)
Center:
92.5% silver (1/4oz)
7.5% copper 		Segmented reeding State title, coat of arms Miguel Hidalgo 1993 ###-###
$20 32 mm 15.945 g
R: 8.59 g
C: 7.355 g 		Ring: Aluminium bronze (as 50¢)
Center: Cupronickel
75% copper
25% nickel 		Milled State title, coat of arms Xiuhtecuhtli Year 2000, Aztec "New Fire" ceremony 2000 ###-###
Octavio Paz ###-###
N$50 39 mm 33.967 g
R: 17.155 g
C: 16.812 g 		Ring: Aluminium bronze (as 50¢)
Center:
92.5% silver (1/2oz)
7.5% copper 		Reeded edge State title, coat of arms Value, the Hero Cadets of the Battle of Chapultepec 1993 ###-###
$100 39 mm 33.967 g
R: 17.155 g
C: 16.812 g 		Ring: Aluminium bronze (as 50¢)
Center:
92.5% silver (1/2oz)
7.5% copper 		Intermittent milling State title, coat of arms Coats of arms of the 31 States of Mexico and the Federal District
(In reverse alphabetical order) 		2003 ###-###
Culture of the states (e.g. architecture, wildlife, flora, art, science, dances)
(In normal alphabetical order) 		2005 ###-###
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimeter. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

الأوراق النقدية

الأولى

Series AA

Printed by the American Bank Note Company
Value Dimensions (millimeters) Design Date of
Obverse Reverse issue[8] withdrawal[8]
MXP $1 157 x 67 mm Aztec sun stone Column of the Independence 1936 1970
MXP $5 157 x 67 mm Portrait of an Algerian young woman, popularly known as “the gipsy” Column of the Independence 1937 1971
MXP $10 157 x 67 mm Portrait of a young woman wearing the typical costume of Zapotec women from Oaxaca, known as "la Tehuana" Landscape painting of the City of Guanajuato by Carl Nebel 1937 1969
MXP $20 157 x 67 mm Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez Cloister of the Convent of San Agustín in Querétaro 1937 1973
MXP $50 157 x 67 mm Ignacio Allende Column of the Independence 1941 1973
MXP $100 157 x 67 mm Miguel Hidalgo Coat of arms of Mexico 1945 1975
MXP $500 157 x 67 mm José María Morelos Façade of the Palace of Mines in Mexico City 1936 1979
MXP $1000 157 x 67 mm Cuauhtémoc El Castillo at Chichen Itza 1936 1978
MXP $10000 157 x 67 mm Matías Romero Façade of the National Palace and Zócalo 1943 1982
Printed by the Bank of Mexico
Value Dimensions (millimeters) Design Date of
Obverse Reverse issue[9]
MXP $5 157 x 67 mm Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, eagle devouring a rattlesnake Querétaro Aqueduct 19 July 1971
MXP $10 157 x 67 mm Miguel Hidalgo, bell of Dolores Dolores Hidalgo parish 15 December 1969
MXP $20 157 x 66 mm José María Morelos, Colegio de San Nicolás Obispo Temple of the Feathered Serpent in Teotihuacan 28 May 1973
MXP $50 157 x 67 mm Benito Juárez, National Palace Zapotec funerary urn and temple at Mitla. 15 November 1973
MXP $100 157 x 67 mm Venustiano Carranza, fragment of La trinchera by José Clemente Orozco Chacmool 19 November 1975
MXP $500 157 x 67 mm Francisco I. Madero Aztec sun stone 19 November 1979
MXP $1,000 157 x 67 mm Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Plaza de Santo Domingo, Mexico City 11 December 1978


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Series A

Image Value Dimensions (millimeters) Design Date of
Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse issue[10]
MXP $2000 157 x 67 mm Justo Sierra, UNAM's Central Library Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico during the 19th century. 28 November 1983
MXP $5000 157 x 67 mm Niños Héroes, emblem of the San Blas Battalion Chapultepec Castle, badge of the Heroic Military Academy 12 September 1980
MXP $10,000 157 x 67 mm Lázaro Cárdenas, La Cangrejera refinery Templo Mayor discoveries, Coyolxauhqui 18 March 1982
MXP $20,000 157 x 67 mm Andrés Quintana Roo, Tulum Mural of Bonampak, Yaxchilan Lintel 25 13 November 1985
MXP $50,000 157 x 67 mm Cuauhtémoc The fusion of two cultures by Jorge González Camarena 2 December 1986
MXP $100,000 157 x 67 mm Plutarco Elías Calles, façade of the Bank of Mexico building Guaymas Bay and white-tailed deer 2 September 1991

Second peso

Series B

In 1993, notes were introduced in the new currency for 10, 20, 50, and 100 nuevos pesos. These notes are designated series B by the Bank of Mexico (Banco de México). (It is important to note that this series designation is not the 1 or 2 letter series label printed on the banknotes themselves.) All were printed with the date July 31, 1992. The designs were carried over from the corresponding notes of the old peso.

Value Dimensions (millimeters) Design Date of
Obverse Reverse issue[11]
MXN $10 155 x 66 mm Lázaro Cárdenas, La Cangrejera refinery Templo Mayor, Coyolxauhqui 1 January 1993
MXN $20 155 x 66 mm Andrés Quintana Roo, Tulum Mural of Bonampak, Yaxchilan Lintel 25 1 January 1993
MXN $50 155 x 66 mm Cuauhtémoc The fusion of two cultures by Jorge González Camarena 1 January 1993
MXN $100 155 x 66 mm Plutarco Elías Calles, façade of the Bank of Mexico building Guaymas Bay and white-tailed deer 1 January 1993

Series C

All Series C notes had brand new designs and were printed with the date December 10, 1993, but they were not issued until October 1994. The word "nuevos" remained, and banknotes in denominations of 200 and 500 nuevos pesos were added. The 500 nuevos pesos note was worth more than US$100 when it was introduced, but its value dropped to almost equal to $100 by the end of 1994.

Value Dimensions (millimeters) Design Date of
Obverse Reverse issue
MXN $10 129 x 66 mm Emiliano Zapata, hands holding ears of maize Statue of Zapata in Cuautla, Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl 3 October 1994[12]
MXN $20 129 x 66 mm Benito Juárez, coat of arms of the Second Federal Republic of Mexico Benito Juárez Hemicycle, Mexico City 3 October 1994[12]
MXN $50 129 x 66 mm José María Morelos, flag used by Morelos at the Mexican War of Independence Scene from Lake Pátzcuaro, Michoacán 3 October 1994[12]
MXN $100 155 x 66 mm Nezahualcóyotl Sculpture of Xōchipilli, sculpture of Xiuhcoatl 3 October 1994[12]
MXN $200 155 x 66 mm Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, a book, an inkwell and her library Façade of the Temple of San Jerónimo 3 October 1994[12]
MXN $500 155 x 66 mm Ignacio Zaragoza, fragment of Fuertes combates sostenidos en los cerros de Loreto y Guadalupe by Josep Cusachs Puebla Cathedral 3 October 1994[12]

Series D

Series D
Value Dimensions (millimeters) Main Color Description Date of
Obverse Reverse printing issue withdrawal
MXN $10 129 × 66 mm Aqua Emiliano Zapata, hands holding ears of maize Statue of Zapata in Cuautla, Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl 6 May 1994 1 January 1996[13] 1997
MXN $20 Blue Benito Juárez, coat of arms of the Second Federal Republic of Mexico Benito Juárez Hemicycle in Mexico City 6 May 1994
17 May 2001(polymer) 		1 January 1996[13]
30 September 2002 		current
MXN $50 Magenta José María Morelos, flag used by Morelos at the Mexican War of Independence Scene from Lake Pátzcuaro, Michoacán 6 May 1994
18 October 2000(iridescent) 		1 January 1996[13]
15 October 2001
MXN $100 155 × 66 mm Red Nezahualcóyotl Sculpture of Xōchipilli, sculpture of Xiuhcoatl 6 May 1994
18 October 2000(color shifting)
? (raised ink) 		1 January 1996[13]
15 October 2001
19 December 2005
MXN $200 Green Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, a book, an inkwell and her library Façade of the Temple of San Jerónimo 7 February 1995
18 October 2000 (color shifting)
? (raised ink)
MXN $500 Brown Ignacio Zaragoza, fragment of Fuertes combates sostenidos en los cerros de Loreto y Guadalupe by Josep Cusachs Puebla Cathedral
MXN $1,000 Purple Miguel Hidalgo, bell of Dolores University of Guanajuato, Baratillo Fountain 26 March 2002 15 November 2004[14]
Value Description of pattern
$100 Five diagonal lines side by side, with a negative slope, each broken up into three segments.
$200 Small broken-up square pattern.
$500 Four horizontal lines under each other, each broken up into three segments.

Series F

Series F [15]
Image Value Dimensions (millimeters) Main Color Description Date of
Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse printing issue withdrawal
    $20 120 × 66 mm Blue Benito Juárez, balancing scale and book Monte Albán, mask of Cocijo 19 June 2006 20 August 2007[16] current
ملف:Banco de México F1 $50 obverse.jpg ملف:Banco de México F1 $50 reverse.jpg $50 127 × 66 mm Magenta José María Morelos, flag used by Morelos at the Mexican War of Independence Aqueduct of Morelia 5 November 2004
12 June 2012 (F1) 		21 November 2006[17]
6 May 2013 (F1)[18]
ملف:Banco de México F $100 obverse.jpg ملف:Banco de México F $100 reverse.jpg $100 134 × 66 mm Red Nezahualcóyotl Representation of Templo Mayor aqueduct and central plaza of Tenochtitlan, glyph of Nezahualcóyotl 9 August 2010[19]
ملف:Banco de México F $200 obverse.jpg ملف:Banco de México F $200 reverse.jpg $200 141 × 66 mm Green Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, books, an inkwell, two pens and a library window Hacienda Panoaya in Amecameca, baptismal font and view of the Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl 15 February 2008 8 September 2008[20]
ملف:Banco de México F $500 obverse.jpg ملف:Banco de México F $500 reverse.jpg $500 148 × 66 mm Brown Diego Rivera, Rivera's painting Desnudo con alcatraces, brushes and a palette Frida Kahlo; Kahlo's painting The Love Embrace of the Universe, the Earth (Mexico), Myself, Diego, and Señor Xolotl 30 August 2010[21]
ملف:Banco de México F $1000 obverse.jpg ملف:Banco de México F $1000 reverse.jpg $1,000 155 × 66 mm Purple Miguel Hidalgo, bell of Dolores University of Guanajuato 7 April 2008[22]
Commemorative notes from Series F and G [23]
Value Dimensions (millimeters) Main Color Description Date of
Obverse Reverse printing issue withdrawal
$100 134 × 66 mm Red Steam locomotive Del Porfirismo a la Revolución (From the Dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz to the Revolution) by David Alfaro Siqueiros 23 September 2009[24] current
$200 141 × 66 mm Green Miguel Hidalgo carrying a banner that became the flag of the Insurgents Angel of Independence located in Mexico City on the Paseo de la Reforma 23 September 2009[25]
$100 134 × 66 mm Red President Venustiano Carranza and Chairman of Congress Luis Manuel Rojas being sworn in before the Constituent Assembly after amending the Constitution (1917). Congressmen swearing to observe and enforce the Mexican Constitution. 5 February 2017[26]


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Series G

In August 2018 a new series of notes began circulation. New anti-counterfeiting measures were implemented. The obverse of the notes will portray important historical eras and individuals. The reverse of the notes will portray the various ecosystems of the country through one of the World Heritage sites of Mexico.

The 50- and 100-peso notes are/will be produced in polymer, while the other banknotes will be printed on paper. This series will not include a $20 note; it will gradually be replaced by a coin.[27] If Banco de Mexico finds that there is a necessity, the introduction of a $2,000 note will occur.[27]

Series G [15]
Image Value Dimensions (millimeters) Main Color Description Date of
Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse printing issue withdrawal
$50 N/A Magenta Pre-Hispanic Mexico; Foundation of Tenochtitlan Riparian and lake ecosystems represented by the axolotl and Xochimilco 2021
$100 132 × 65 mm Red New Spain; Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Temperate forest ecosystems represented by the monarch butterfly and the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve 12 November 2020[27]
    $200 139 x 65 mm Green Independent Mexico; Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos y Pavón Desert and matorral ecosystems represented by the golden eagle and El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve 28 November 2018[27] 2 September 2019[27]
    $500 146 x 65 mm Blue La Reforma and restoration of the Republic; Benito Juárez Coastal, marine and insular ecosystems represented by the gray whale and El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve 19 May 2017 27 August 2018[28]
$1,000 153 × 65 mm Gray Mexican Revolution; Francisco I. Madero, Hermila Galindo and Carmen Serdán Tropical humid-forest ecosystems represented by the jaguar and Calakmul Biosphere Reserve 19 November 2020[29]
$2,000 N/A Yellow Contemporary Mexico; Octavio Paz and Rosario Castellanos Dry forest ecosystems represented by the Mexican long-nosed bat and Tequila agave landscape Only if necessary

الاستخدام خارج المكسيك

 
A Mexican dollar used as currency in Tokugawa Japan, countermarked with "Aratame sanbu sadame" (改三分定, fixed to the value of 3 bu).


الاستخدام المعاصر

 
The exchange rate of Mexican pesos per U.S. dollar since November 1991. Source: Bank of Mexico. latest rates
سعر الصرف MXN الحالي
من Google Finance: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR
من Yahoo! Finance: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR
من XE.com: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR
من OANDA: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR

انظر أيضاً

References

  1. ^ Corporation, Bonnier (1 February 1930). Popular Science. Bonnier Corporation. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via Internet Archive.
  2. ^ "Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2013 : preliminary global results : Monetary and Economic Department" (PDF). Bis.org. September 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
  3. ^ "MXN - Mexican Peso rates, news, and tools". Xe.com. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  4. ^ "Moneda: peso" [Currency: peso]. Banderas de Estado del mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 18, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. ^ Banco de MĂŠxico. "Banxico, banco central, Banco de México". Banxico.gob.mx. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  6. ^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  7. ^ [1]
  8. ^ أ ب "Demonetized AA-type banknotes, issued by Banco de México and printed by the American Bank Note Company (ABNC)". banxico.org.mx. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  9. ^ "Billetes desmonetizados de la familia AA, emitidos y fabricados por Banco de México". banxico.org.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 October 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ^ "Billetes desmonetizados de la familia A, emitidos y fabricados por el Banco de México". banxico.org.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 October 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  11. ^ "Billetes en proceso de retiro de la familia B". banxico.org.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 October 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  12. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح "Billetes en proceso de retiro de la familia C". banxico.org.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 October 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  13. ^ أ ب ت ث "Billetes en proceso de retiro de la familia D". banxico.org.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 October 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  14. ^ "Billetes en proceso de retiro de la familia D1". banxico.org.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 October 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  15. ^ أ ب Bank of Mexico. "Currently manufactured, circulation, Banco de México". Banxico.org.mx. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  16. ^ "20-peso banknote (F Type)". banxico.org.mx. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  17. ^ "50-peso banknote (F Type)". banxico.org.mx. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  18. ^ "50-peso banknote (F1 Type)". banxico.org.mx. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  19. ^ "100-peso banknote (F Type)". banxico.org.mx. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  20. ^ "200-peso banknote (F Type)". banxico.org.mx. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  21. ^ "500-peso banknote (F Type)". banxico.org.mx. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  22. ^ "1000-peso banknote (F Type)". banxico.org.mx. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  23. ^ [2]
  24. ^ "100-peso banknote commemorating the beginning of the Mexican Revolution". banxico.org.mx. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  25. ^ "200-peso banknote commemorating the beginning of Mexico's War of Independence". banxico.org.mx. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  26. ^ "100-peso banknote commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the Enactment of the Constitution". banxico.org.mx. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  27. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Mera, Isaid. "Desaparecerá el billete de 20 pesos". El Financiero (in الإسبانية). Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  28. ^ "Billete de 500 pesos de la familia G, circulación, Banco de México". Banxico (in الإسبانية). Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  29. ^ https://www.banxico.org.mx/banknotes-and-coins/pagina-banknotes-and-coins00001.html

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