المعرفة

هيلتون هد آيلاند، كارولاينا الجنوبية

(تم التحويل من Hilton Head Island, South Carolina)

هيلتون هد آيلاند (إنگليزية: Hilton Head Island)، أو اختصاراً هلتون هد، هي بلدة منتجع وجزيرة حاجزة في مقاطعة بيفورت، كارولاينا الجنوبية، الولايات المتحدة.[4] تقع على بعد 32 كم شمال شرق ساڤانا، جورجيا، و153 كم جنوب غرب تشارلستون. سُميت الجزيرة على اسم الكاپتن وليام هلتون، الذي اكتشف عام 1663 رأس بري بالقرب من مدخل ميناء رويال ساوند، الذي أطلق عليه رسامو الخرائط اسم "هلتونز هدلاند". تتمتع الجزيرة بشاطيء بحري بطول 19 كم على المحيط الأطلسي، وهي وجهة شهيرة لقاء العطلات. عام 2004، استقبلت الجزيرة حوالي 2.25 مليون زائر، الذي ساهم بأكثر من 1.5 مليار دولار في الاقتصاد المحلي.[5] كان عدد سكان الجزيرة 37.099 بحسب تعداد 2010،[6] على الرغم من أنه خلال ذروة موسم العطلة الصيفية يمكن أن يتضخم عدد السكان إلى 150.000.[7]

هلتون هد آيلاند
بلدة
Hilton Head Island
هلتون هد آيلاند مارينا في منتجع سي پاينز حيث يظهر فنار هاربر تاون.
هلتون هد آيلاند مارينا في منتجع سي پاينز حيث يظهر فنار هاربر تاون.
الختم الرسمي لـ هلتون هد آيلاند
Seal
الكنية: 
Hilton Head and HHI
موقع هلتون هد آيلاند في مقاطعة بيفورت وكارولاينا الجنوبية.
موقع هلتون هد آيلاند في مقاطعة بيفورت وكارولاينا الجنوبية.
هلتون هد آيلاند is located in South Carolina
هلتون هد آيلاند
هلتون هد آيلاند
الموقع في المقاطعة والولاية
هلتون هد آيلاند is located in الولايات المتحدة
هلتون هد آيلاند
هلتون هد آيلاند
هلتون هد آيلاند (الولايات المتحدة)
الإحداثيات: 32°10′44″N 80°44′35″W / 32.17889°N 80.74306°W / 32.17889; -80.74306Coordinates: 32°10′44″N 80°44′35″W / 32.17889°N 80.74306°W / 32.17889; -80.74306
البلدالولايات المتحدة
الولايةكارولاينا الجنبوبية
المقاطعةبوفورت
دُمجت (كبلدة)1983
الحكومة
 • العمدةجون مكان
 • مدير البلدةمارك أولاندو
 • رئيس المطافيبراد تادلوك- عُين 20 يونيو 2014
المساحة
[1]
 • بلدة69٫13 ميل² (179٫05 كم²)
 • البر41٫36 ميل² (107٫11 كم²)
 • الماء27٫78 ميل² (71٫94 كم²)  40.17%
المنسوب
10 ft (3 m)
التعداد
 (2010)
 • بلدة37٬099
 • Estimate 
(2019)[2]
39٬861
 • الكثافة963٫83/sq mi (372٫14/km2)
 • العمرانية
187٬010 (US: رقم 111)
منطقة التوقيتUTC−5 (ت.ش.)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−4 (EDT)
الرمز البريدي
29925, 29926, 29928
مفتاح الهاتف843
رمز FIPS45-34045[3]
GNIS feature ID1246002[4]
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.hiltonheadislandsc.gov

على مدى العقد الماضي، بلغ معدل النمو السكاني للجزيرة 32%.[8]

هلتون هد آيلاند هي مدينة رئيسية داخل منطقة هلتون هد-بلافتون-بوفورت الكبرى، والتي قدر عدد سكانها بحوالي 215,908 نسمة عام 2020.[9][10]

The island has a rich history that started with seasonal occupation by Native Americans thousands of years ago and continued with European exploration and the Sea Island Cotton trade. It became an important base of operations for the Union blockade of the Southern ports during the Civil War. Once the island fell to Union troops, hundreds of ex-slaves flocked to Hilton Head, which is still home to many of their descendants, who are known as the Gullah (or Geechee). They have managed to hold on to much of their ethnic and cultural identity.[11]

The Town of Hilton Head Island incorporated as a municipality in 1983 and is well known for its eco-friendly development.[12] The town's Natural Resources Division enforces the Land Management Ordinance which minimizes the impact of development and governs the style of buildings and how they are situated amongst existing trees.[13] As a result, Hilton Head Island enjoys an unusual amount of tree cover relative to the amount of development.[14] Approximately 70% of the island, including most of the tourist areas, is located inside gated communities.[15] However, the town maintains several public beach access points, including one for the exclusive use of town residents, who have approved several multimillion-dollar land-buying bond referendums to control commercial growth.[16]

Hilton Head Island offers an unusual number of cultural opportunities for a community its size, including plays at the Arts Center of Coastal Carolina, the 120-member full chorus of the Hilton Head Choral Society, the Hilton Head Symphony Orchestra, an annual outdoor, tented wine tasting event on the east coast, and several other annual community festivals. It also hosts the RBC Heritage, a PGA Tour tournament played on the Harbour Town Golf Links in Sea Pines Resort.[17]

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التاريخ

اكتشاف العالم الجديد

 
ضريح باينارد، بُني عام 1846، وهو أقدم منشأة قائمة في الجزيرة.
 
فورت واكر، معركة پورت رويال، 7 نوفمبر 1861.

Sea Pines shell ring can be seen near the east entrance to the Sea Pines Forest Preserve. The ring, one of at least 50 known to exist, is 150 feet (46 m) in diameter and is believed to be over 4,000 years old. Archeologists believe that the ring was a refuse heap, created by Indians who lived in the interior of the ring, which was kept clear and used as a common area. Two other shell rings on Hilton Head were destroyed when the shells were removed and used to make tabby for roads and buildings. The Green's Shell Enclosure, Sea Pines, and Skull Creek shell rings are listed in the National Register of Historic Places and are protected by law.[18]

Since the beginning of recorded history in the New World, the waters around Hilton Head Island have been known, occupied and fought for in turn by the English, Spanish, French, and Scots.[19]

A Spanish expedition led by Francisco Cordillo explored the area in 1521, initiating European contact with local tribes.[20] In 1663, Captain William Hilton sailed on the Adventure from Barbados to explore lands granted by King Charles II of England to the eight Lords Proprietor. In his travels, he identified a headland near the entrance to Port Royal Sound. He named it "Hilton's Head" after himself.[21] He stayed for several days, making note of the trees, crops, "sweet water", and "clear sweet air".[22]

القرن 17 و19

 
رصيف بنته قوات الاتحاد في جزيرة هيلتون هيد ، أبريل 1862.
 
مستشى الولايات المتحدة العام، 1863.
 
مقرات ميتش‌ڤيل "للاجئين"، 1864.
 
مزرعة ستوني-باينارد.

In 1698, Hilton Head Island was granted as part of a barony to John Bayley of Ballingclough, County of Tipperary, Kingdom of Ireland. Another John Bayley, son of the first, appointed Alexander Trench as the island's first retail agent. For a time, Hilton Head was known as Trench's Island. In 1729, Trench sold some land to John Gascoine which Gascoine named "John's Island" after himself. The land later came to be known as Jenkin's Island after another owner.[23]

القرن 20 و21

 
"The Beach Pounders" – U.S. Coast Guard Mounted Beach Patrol training on HHI during World War II.
 
The Liberty Oak in Harbour Town
 
Coligny Circle Plaza. The plaza provides public beach access to island visitors.
 
Disney's Hilton Head Island Resort

An experimental steam cannon guarding Port Royal Sound was built around 1900, in what is now Port Royal Plantation. The cannon was fixed but its propulsion system allowed for long-range shots for the time.

In 1931, Wall Street tycoon, physicist, and patron of scientific research Alfred Lee Loomis, along with his brother-in-law and partner Landon K. Thorne, purchased 17,000 acres (69 km2) on the island (over 63% of the total landmass) for about $120,000 to be used as a private game reserve.[24][25] On the Atlantic coast of the island, large concrete gun platforms were built to defend against a possible invasion by the Axis powers of World War II. Platforms like these can be found all along the Eastern Seaboard. The Mounted Beach Patrol and Dog Training Center on Hilton Head Island trained U.S. Coast Guard Beach Patrol personnel to use horses and dogs to protect the southeastern coastline of the U.S.[26]

In the early 1950s, three lumber mills contributed to the logging of 19,000 acres (77 km2) of the island.[20] The island population was only 300 residents.[20] Before 1956, access to Hilton Head was limited to private boats and a state-operated ferry. The island's economy centered on shipbuilding, cotton, lumbering, and fishing.[12]

The James F. Byrnes Bridge was built in 1956. It was a two-lane toll swing bridge constructed at a cost of $1.5 million that opened the island to automobile traffic from the mainland.[20] The swing bridge was hit by a barge in 1974, which shut down all vehicle traffic to the island until the Army Corps of Engineers built and manned a pontoon bridge while the bridge was being repaired. The swing bridge was replaced by the current four-lane bridge in 1982.[20]

The beginning of Hilton Head as a resort started in 1956 with Charles E. Fraser developing Sea Pines Resort. Soon, other developments followed, such as Hilton Head Plantation, Palmetto Dunes Plantation, Shipyard Plantation, and Port Royal Plantation, imitating Sea Pines' architecture and landscaping. Sea Pines, however, continued to stand out by creating a unique locality within the plantation, called Harbour Town, anchored by a recognizable lighthouse.[27] Fraser was a committed environmentalist who changed the whole configuration of the marina at Harbour Town to save an ancient live oak.[15] It came to be known as the Liberty Oak, known to generations of children who watched singer and songwriter Gregg Russell perform under the tree for over 25 years.[28] Fraser was buried next to the tree when he died in 2002.[29]

The Heritage Golf Classic was first played in Sea Pines Resort in 1969 and has been a regular stop on the PGA Tour ever since.[17] Also in 1969, the Hilton Head Island Community Association successfully fought off the development of a BASF chemical complex on the shores of Victoria Bluff (now Colleton River Plantation). Soon after, the association and other concerned citizens "south of the Broad" fought the development of off-shore oil platforms by Brown & Root (a division of Halliburton) and ten-story tall liquefied natural gas shipping spheres by Chicago Bridge & Iron.[30] These events helped to energize the community, and the Chamber of Commerce started drumming up support for the town to incorporate as a municipality. After the Four Seasons Resort (now Hilton Head Resort) was built along William Hilton Parkway, a referendum of incorporation was passed in May 1983, where Hilton Head Island became a town.[30]



الجغرافيا

الطبوغرافيا

 
Satellite image of Hilton Head Island, accessed from NASA's World Wind project, January 31, 2007

Hilton Head Island is a shoe-shaped island that lies 20 miles (32 km) by air northeast of Savannah, Georgia, and 90 miles (140 km) south of Charleston.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 69.2 square miles (179.1 km2), of which 41.4 square miles (107.1 km2) is land, and 27.8 square miles (71.9 km2), or 40.17%, is water.[6]


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الجزيرة الحاجزة

 
Aerial view of the island from the west in 2023

Hilton Head Island is sometimes referred to as the second largest barrier island on the Eastern Seaboard after Long Island (which is not a barrier island but two glacial moraines).[31] Technically, however, Hilton Head Island is only a half barrier island. The north end of the island is a sea island dating to the Pleistocene epoch, and the south end is a barrier island that appeared as recently as the Holocene epoch. Broad Creek, which is a land-locked tidal marsh, separates the two halves of the island.[32]

The terrain of a barrier island is determined by a dynamic beach system with offshore bars, pounding surf, and shifting beaches; as well as grassy dunes behind the beach, maritime forests with wetlands in the interiors, and salt or tidal marshes on the lee side, facing the mainland. A typical barrier island has a headland, a beach and surf zone, and a sand spit.[33]

الحياة البرية

The Hilton Head Island area is home to a vast array of wildlife, including alligators, deer, loggerhead sea turtles, manatees, hundreds of species of birds,[34] and dolphins.

The Coastal Discovery Museum, in conjunction with the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, patrols the beaches from May through October as part of the Sea Turtle Protection Project.[35] The purpose of the project is to inventory and monitor nesting locations, and if necessary, move them to more suitable locations. During the summer months, the museum sponsors the Turtle Talk & Walk, which is a special tour designed to educate the public about this endangered species.[35] To protect loggerhead sea turtles, a town ordinance stipulates that artificial lighting must be shielded so that it cannot be seen from the beach, or it must be turned off by 10:00 p.m. from May 1 to October 31 each year.[36] The waters around Hilton Head Island are one of the few places on Earth where dolphins routinely use a technique called "strand feeding", whereby schools of fish are herded up onto mud banks, and the dolphins lie on their side while they feed before sliding back down into the water.[37][38]

Particularly prominent in the ocean waters surrounding Hilton Head Island, the stingray serves as a fascination and painful natural encounter for many beachgoers. Small stingrays inhabit the quieter, shallow region of ocean floor just beyond the break of the surf, typically buried beneath a thin layer of sand. Stingrays are a type of demersal,[39] cartilaginous fish common to the South Carolina coast as well as other areas on the Atlantic shoreline. Typically, stingrays avoid contact with humans unless they are accidentally stepped upon, a situation often ending in a stingray injury, where the stingray punctures the human with its poisonous barb. While these injuries are extremely painful, they are not usually life-threatening as long as they are properly attended to by a medical professional.[40]

The saltmarsh estuaries of Hilton Head Island are the feeding grounds, breeding grounds, and nurseries for many saltwater species of game fish, sport fish, and marine mammals. The dense plankton population gives the coastal water its murky brown-green coloration.

Plankton support marine life including oysters, shrimp and other invertebrates, and bait-fish species including menhaden and mullet, which in turn support larger fish and mammal species that populate the local waterways. Popular sport fish in the Hilton Head Island area include the red drum (or spot tail bass), spotted sea trout, sheepshead, cobia, tarpon, and various shark species.[41]

المناخ

Hilton Head Island has a humid subtropical climate - Köppen climate classification Cfa, represented with humid, warm summers and mild winters.

بيانات مناخ هلتون هد آيلاند
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى المتوسطة °ف (°س) 61
(16.1) 		63
(17.2) 		69
(20.6) 		71
(21.7) 		82
(27.8) 		87
(30.6) 		90
(32.2) 		88
(31.1) 		85
(29.4) 		78
(25.6) 		70
(21.1) 		63
(17.2) 		75٫6
(24٫21)
الصغرى المتوسطة °ف (°س) 38
(3.3) 		40
(4.4) 		47
(8.3) 		54
(12.2) 		62
(16.7) 		69
(20.6) 		72
(22.2) 		71
(21.7) 		68
(20) 		57
(13.9) 		48
(8.9) 		41
(5) 		55٫6
(13٫1)
سقوط الأمطار inches (mm) 3.7
(94) 		3.5
(89) 		3.9
(99) 		3.0
(76) 		3.6
(91) 		5.3
(135) 		6.2
(157) 		8.9
(226) 		5.1
(130) 		2.6
(66) 		2.4
(61) 		3.2
(81) 		51٫4
(1٬306)
Avg. rainy days 10 9 9 7 9 11 13 13 10 6 6 8 111
Sunshine hours 186 197 248 270 279 270 279 248 210 217 180 186 2٬770
Source #1: Weatherbase[42]
Source #2: Weather Atlas [43]
بيانات مناخ هلتون رد آيلاند
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر أكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر السنة
متوسط درجة حرارة البحر °ف (°س) 57.9
(14.4) 		57.4
(14.1) 		58.1
(14.5) 		65.3
(18.5) 		72.3
(22.4) 		79.2
(26.2) 		82.9
(28.3) 		83.5
(28.6) 		81.7
(27.6) 		77.0
(25.0) 		69.1
(20.6) 		61.5
(16.4) 		70.5
(21.4)
متوسط ساعات النهار اليومية 10 11 12 13 14 14 14 13 12 11 11 10 12.1
المصدر: أطلس الطقس [43]


الديموغرافيا

التعداد التاريخي
التعداد Pop. %±
199023٬694—
200033٬86242٫9%
201037٬0999٫6%
2019 (تق.)39٬861[2]7٫4%
U.S. Decennial Census[1]
 
Location of the Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort Metropolitan Statistical Area in South Carolina



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تعداد 2020

التشكيل العرقي في هلتون هد آيلاند [44]
العرقية العدد النسبة
البيض (غير هسپان) 29,150 77.4%
الأمريكان السود أو الأفارقة (غير هسپان) 2,160 5.74%
الأمريكان الأصليون 46 0.12%
الآسيويون 286 0.76%
سكان جزر الهادي 5 0.01%
آخرون/مختلطون 969 2.57%
الهسپان أو اللاتينيون 5,045 13.4%


تعداد 2010

 
Looking over the tidal marsh to the Folly


العرقيات والسلالات

أكبر السلاسلات (2020) النسبة
الإنگليزية 47.5%
الآيرلندية 10.1%
الألمانية 2.2%
اللاتينية 2.1%
"الأمريكية" 1.9%
اليونانية 1.3%
الإسكتلنديون-الأيرلنديون 0.9%
الفرنسيون (باستثناء الباسك) 0.7%

[45]


الاقتصاد

# جهة العمل # من الموظفين
1 مجموعة مطاعم سرگ 869
2 منتجع سي پاينز 672
3 مركز هد هلتون الطبي 558
4 مدرسة مقاطعة بيفورت 518
5 Marriott Vacation Club 463
6 Salty Dog 388
7 Cypress of Hilton Head 352
8 Westin Hotels & Resorts 266
9 Omni Hilton Head Resort 300
10 Sonesta Resort Hilton Head 280

المنتزهات والترفيه

الشواطيء العامة

 
View of Lake Joe, Sea Pines Forest Preserve, Hilton Head Island, SC.


منتزهات الجزيرة

الحكومة

 
Hilton Head Island in the summer of 2012
 
Live oaks with Spanish moss on Hilton Head Island



المسؤولون اعتباراً من 2020:

  • جون ج. مكان، العمدة [46]
  • Alex Brown, Ward 1[46]
  • وليام (بل) د. هارنز، نائب العمدة وارد 1[46]
  • ديڤد أمس، وارد 3 [46]
  • تمارا بكر، وارد 4[46]
  • توماس و. لنوكس، وارد 5 [46]
  • گلن ستانفورد، وارد 6[46]
  • مارك أورلاندو، مدير البلدة [46]

التعليم

المدارس

المدارس الحكومية

  • Hilton Head Island Early Childhood Center (Pre K — K)
  • Hilton Head Island School for the Creative Arts (Grades 1–5)
  • Hilton Head Island International Baccalaureate Elementary School (Grades 1–5)
  • Hilton Head Island Middle School
  • Hilton Head Island High School

المدارس الخاصة

المكتبات

البنية التحتية

المطار

خدمات الطوارئ

النقل العام

مشاهير البلدة

المصادر

  1. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
  2. ^ أ ب "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Archived from the original on July 26, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  3. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 1996-12-27. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  4. ^ أ ب "Hilton Head Island". نظام معلومات الأسماء الجغرافية، المسح الجيولوجي الأمريكي.
  5. ^ "Employment Fast Facts," Archived 2010-04-14 at the Wayback Machine Hilton Head Island — Bluffton Chamber of Commerce – Accessed January 31, 2007.
  6. ^ أ ب "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Hilton Head Island town, South Carolina". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  7. ^ "Consolidated Municipal Budget Fiscal Year July 1, 2016 – June 30, 2017," Archived سبتمبر 18, 2016 at the Wayback Machine Town of Hilton Head Island, Accessed August 22, 2017.
  8. ^ "Lowcountry Workforce on the Web," Archived 2007-04-27 at the Wayback Machine Hilton Head Island — Bluffton Chamber of Commerce – Accessed January 31, 2007.
  9. ^ "OMB Bulletin No. 23-01: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas" (PDF). United States Office of Management and Budget. July 21, 2023.
  10. ^ "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. May 18, 2023. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
  11. ^ "Snapshots," Archived 2008-02-29 at the Wayback Machine Sky Magazine (Delta), December 2007. Accessed December 24, 2007.
  12. ^ أ ب William W. Starr, "Graceful Growth," Archived 2008-02-29 at the Wayback Machine Sky Magazine (Delta), December 2007. Accessed December 20, 2007.
  13. ^ "20 Who Made a Difference," Archived 2003-10-03 at the Wayback Machine Lowcountry Now (Savannah Morning News), 2003 – Accessed February 16, 2007.
  14. ^ Gale B. "Hilton Head: the canopy view," Archived 2015-10-16 at the Wayback Machine American Forests, November–December 1990. Accessed February 16, 2007.
  15. ^ أ ب "Hilton Head, way ahead of its time," Archived 2010-05-24 at the Wayback Machine USA Today, September 1, 2006 – Accessed February 14, 2007.
  16. ^ Whitney T. and Gordon J. "An Investigation of Sprawl Development and Its Effect on Transportation Planning: The Lower Savannah Region of Government," Archived 2017-06-18 at the Wayback Machine South Carolina State University — School of Engineering Technology and Sciences, 2001 – Accessed February 15, 2007.
  17. ^ أ ب "Hilton Head Island an unquestionable golfing mecca," Archived 2007-12-24 at the Wayback Machine CBS Sportsline.com, April 9, 2007. Accessed May 8, 2007
  18. ^ "The Indian Shell Ring". Community Services Associates. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  19. ^ Carse R. (1981) Hilton Head in the Civil War: Department of the South (20th Anniv. Ed.), p. 1. Columbia, SC: The State Printing Company, قالب:ASIN
  20. ^ أ ب ت ث ج "A History Timeline of Hilton Head Island," Archived 2007-08-05 at the Wayback Machine Town of Hilton Head Island Official Municipal Website, Accessed July 6, 2007.
  21. ^ "Reference Desk," Archived 2008-07-24 at the Wayback Machine Beaufort County Public Library — Hilton Head Island, Accessed May 19, 2007.
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