كلومبيا، كارولينا الجنوبية

هذا المقال هو عن the city in the U.S. state of South Carolina. إذا كنت تريد الاستخدامات الأخرى، انظر Columbia.

Columbia is the capital of the U.S. state of South Carolina. With a population of 136,632 as of the 2020 U.S. Census, it is the second-largest city in South Carolina. The city serves as the county seat of Richland County, and a portion of the city extends into neighboring Lexington County. It is the center of the Columbia metropolitan statistical area, which had a population of 829,470 and is the 72nd-largest metropolitan statistical area in the nation. The name Columbia is a poetic term used for the United States, derived from the name of Christopher Columbus, who explored for the Spanish Crown. Columbia is often abbreviated as Cola, leading to its nickname as "Soda City."

Columbia, South Carolina
State capital city
City of Columbia
Flag Seal
الكنية:  "Soda City"
الشعار:  Justitia Virtutum Regina (Latin) "Justice, the Queen of Virtues"
Location in Richland County and the state of South Carolina
Columbia Location within South Carolina Columbia Location within the United States
الإحداثيات: 34°0′2″N 81°2′5″W
Country	United States
State	South Carolina
County	Richland, Lexington
Approved	March 22, 1786
Chartered (town)	1805
Chartered (city)	1854
السمِيْ	Columbia (personification)
الحكومة
• Mayor	Stephen K. Benjamin (D)
المساحة
• Total	139٫64 ميل² (361٫68 كم²)
• البر	136٫78 ميل² (354٫25 كم²)
• الماء	2٫87 ميل² (7٫43 كم²)  2%
المنسوب	292 ft (89 m)
التعداد  (2020)
• Total	136٬632
• الترتيب	SC: 2nd; US: 205th
• الكثافة	962٫70/sq mi (371٫70/km2)
• Urban	549٬777 (US: 75th)
• MSA (2020)	829٬470 (US: 70th)
• CSA (2020)	951٬412 (US: 60th)
منطقة التوقيت	UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code(s)	29201, 29203-6, 29209-10, 29212, 29223, 29225, 29229
مفتاح الهاتف	803, 839
FIPS code	45-16000
GNIS feature ID	1245051
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.columbiasc.net

The city is located about 13 miles (21 km) northwest of the geographic center of South Carolina, and is the primary city of the Midlands region of the state. It lies at the confluence of the Saluda River and the Broad River, which merge at Columbia to form the Congaree River. As the state capital, Columbia is the site of the South Carolina State House, the center of government for the state. In 1860, the South Carolina Secession Convention took place here; delegates voted for secession, making this the first state to leave the Union in the events leading up to the Civil War. The first six states to secede were those whose planters held the most enslaved African Americans; these were slave societies.

Columbia is home to the University of South Carolina, the state's flagship public university and the largest in the state. The area has benefited from Congressional support for Southern military installations. Columbia is the site of Fort Jackson, the largest United States Army installation for Basic Combat Training. Twenty miles to the east of the city is McEntire Joint National Guard Base, which is operated by the U.S. Air Force and is used as a training base for the 169th Fighter Wing of the South Carolina Air National Guard.

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 التاريخ

انظر أيضاً: خط زمني لكلومبيا، كارولينا الجنوبية

 التاريخ المبكر

The Seibels House, circa 1796, is the oldest in Columbia.

Former slave quarters at the Hale–Elmore–Seibels House في وسط كلومبيا.

In May 1540, a Spanish expedition led by Hernando de Soto traversed what is now Columbia while moving northward on exploration of the interior of the Southeast. The expedition produced the earliest written historical records of this area, which was part of the regional Cofitachequi chiefdom of the Mississippian culture.

During the colonial era, European settlers encountered the Congaree in this area, who inhabited several villages along the Congaree River. The settlers established a frontier fort and fur trading post named after the Congaree, on the west bank of the Congaree River. It was at the fall line and the head of navigation in the Santee River system.

In 1754 the colonial government in South Carolina established a ferry to connect the fort with the growing European settlements on the higher ground on the east bank.

 الجغرافيا

Photograph of Columbia taken from the International Space Station

Gervais Street Bridge over the Congaree River

 الديمغرافيا

التعداد التاريخي
التعداد	Pop.		%±
1830	3٬310		—
1840	4٬340		31٫1%
1850	6٬060		39٫6%
1860	8٬052		32٫9%
1870	9٬298		15٫5%
1880	10٬036		7٫9%
1890	15٬353		53�0%
1900	21٬108		37٫5%
1910	26٬319		24٫7%
1920	37٬524		42٫6%
1930	51٬581		37٫5%
1940	62٬396		21�0%
1950	86٬914		39٫3%
1960	97٬433		12٫1%
1970	112٬542		15٫5%
1980	101٬208		−10٫1%
1990	98٬052		−3٫1%
2000	116٬278		18٫6%
2010	129٬272		11٫2%
2020	136٬632		5٫7%
U.S. Decennial Census

As of the census of 2010, there were 129,272 people, 52,471 total households, and 22,638 families residing in the city. The population density was 928.6 people per square mile (358.5/km²). There were 46,142 housing units at an average density of 368.5 per square mile (142.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 51.27% White, 42.20% Black, 2.20% Asian, 0.25% Native American, 0.30% Pacific Islander, 1.50% from other races, and 2.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.30% of the population.

 Economy

First Citizens Bank building at the corner of Main and Lady streets

Columbia enjoys a diversified economy, with the major employers in the area being South Carolina state government, the Palmetto Health hospital system, Blue Cross Blue Shield of South Carolina, Palmetto GBA, and the University of South Carolina. Other major employers in the Columbia area include Computer Sciences Corporation, Fort Jackson, the U.S. Army's largest and most active initial entry training installation, Richland School District One, Humana/TriCare, and the United Parcel Service, which operates its Southeastern Regional Hub at the Columbia Metropolitan Airport. Major manufacturers such as Square D, CMC Steel, Spirax Sarco, Michelin, International Paper, Pirelli Cables, Honeywell, Westinghouse Electric, Harsco Track Tech, Trane, Intertape Polymer Group, Union Switch & Signal, FN Herstal, Solectron, and Bose Technology have facilities in the Columbia area. There are over 70 foreign affiliated companies and fourteen Fortune 500 companies in the region.

 Accolades

Columbia has been the recipient of several awards and achievements. In October 2009, Columbia was listed in U.S. News & World Report as one of the best places to retire, citing location and median housing price as key contributors. As of July 2013 Columbia was named one of "10 Great Cities to Live In" by Kiplinger Magazine. Most recently, the city has been named a top mid-sized market in the nation for relocating families, as well as one of 30 communities named "America's Most Livable Communities," an award given by the non-profit Partners for Livable Communities.

 Sister cities

The city of Columbia has seven sister cities:

• Kaiserslautern, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
• Cluj-Napoca, Romania
• Plovdiv, Bulgaria
• Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia
• Yibin, Sichuan, China
• Accra, Ghana
• Taichung City, Taiwan

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 See also

• Columbia High School (Columbia, South Carolina)
• Columbia, Newberry and Laurens Railroad, historic railroad
• Columbia Record, former afternoon daily newspaper
• Columbia Speedway
• Columbia South Carolina Temple, an operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
• Columbia Theological Seminary, formerly in Columbia, South Carolina, now in Decatur, Georgia
• George Stinney, youngest person to be executed in the United States

 External links

• Official website