رمي القرص
يبدأ رمي القرص من داخل دائرة قطرها 2.5 متر، يُحظر على المتسابق أن يتعداها، والقرص مصنوع من الخشب المحاط بالحديد، ويبلغ قطره 22 سم ووزنه 2 كجم، وقد يزن كيلوجراما واحدا فقط في المباريات النسائية. ويقوم المتسابق بالدوران عدة مرات حول نفسه، لكي يكسب القرص أقصى سرعة ممكنة، وفي حركة استرخاء أخيرة للذراع، يزيد من القوة الطاردة لكي يقوم برمي القرص أخيرا.
| Athletics Discus throw | |
|---|---|
.jpg) German 2012 Olympic champion Robert Harting. | |
| الأرقام القياسية العالمية | |
| رجال |  Jürgen Schult (GDR) 74.08 m (243 ft 1⁄2 in) (1986) |
| نساء | Gabriele Reinsch (GDR) قالب:T&FcalcR (1988) |
| الأرقام القياسية الأولمپية | |
| رجال |  Virgilijus Alekna (LTU) قالب:T&FcalcR (2004) |
| نساء | Martina Hellmann (GDR) قالب:T&FcalcR (1988) |
| الأرقام القياسية لبطولات العالم | |
| رجال | Virgilijus Alekna (LTU) قالب:T&FcalcR (2005) |
| Women | Martina Hellmann (GDR) قالب:T&FcalcR (1987) |
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التاريخ
The sport of throwing the discus traces back to it being an event in the original Olympic Games of Ancient Greece.[1] The discus as a sport was resurrected in Magdeburg, Germany, by Christian Georg Kohlrausch and his students in the 1870s.[2] Organized Men's competition was resumed in the late 19th century, and has been a part of the modern Summer Olympic Games since the first modern competition, the 1896 Summer Olympics. Images of discus throwers figured prominently in advertising for early modern Games, such as fundraising stamps for the 1896 games, the main posters for the 1920 and 1948 Summer Olympics. Today the sport of discus is a routine part of modern track-and-field meets at all levels, and retains a particularly iconic place in the Olympic Games.
Regulations
The event consists of throwing a disc of a certain weight or size depending on the competitor. Men and women throw different sized discus with varying sizes of weights depending on age. The weight of the discus is either governed by the World Athletics for international or USA Track & Field for the United States.
| Age | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|
| High School | 1.6 kg | 1 kg |
| Collegiate | 2 kg | 1 kg |
| Professional | 2 kg | 1 kg |
| Master's (35-59) | 1.5 kg | 1 kg |
| Master's (60-74) | 1 kg | 1 kg |
| Master's (75+) | 1 kg | 0.75 kg |
| Age | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|
| ≤17 | 1.5 kg | 1 kg |
| 18-19 | 1.75 kg | 1 kg |
| 20-49 | 2 kg | 1 kg |
| 50-59 | 1.5 kg | 1 kg |
| 60-74 | 1 kg | 1 kg |
| 75+ | 1 kg | 0.75 kg |
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_IAAF_certified,_side_view.jpg)
The typical discus has sides made of plastic, wood, fiberglass, carbon fiber or metal with a metal rim and a metal core to attain the weight. The rim must be smooth, with no roughness or finger holds. A discus with more weight in the rim produces greater angular momentum for any given spin rate, and thus more stability, although it is more difficult to throw. However, a higher rim weight, if thrown correctly, can lead to a farther throw. In some competitions, a solid rubber discus is used (see in the United States).
All-time top 25
Men
| Rank | Mark | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 74.08 m (243 ft 1⁄2 in) | Jürgen Schult (GDR) |
6 June 1986 | Neubrandenburg | |
| 2 | 73.88 m (242 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | Virgilijus Alekna (LTU) |
3 August 2000 | Kaunas | |
| 3 | 73.38 m (240 ft 8+3⁄4 in) |  Gerd Kanter (EST) |
4 September 2006 | Helsingborg | |
| 4 | 71.86 m (235 ft 9 in) |  Yuriy Dumchev (URS)
|
29 May 1983 | Moscow | |
 Daniel Ståhl (SWE)
|
29 June 2019 | Bottnaryd | [7] | ||
| 6 | 71.84 m (235 ft 8+1⁄4 in) |  Piotr Małachowski (POL) |
8 June 2013 | Hengelo | |
| 7 | 71.70 m (235 ft 2+3⁄4 in) |  Róbert Fazekas (HUN) |
14 July 2002 | Szombathely | |
| 8 | 71.50 m (234 ft 6+3⁄4 in) |  Lars Riedel (GER) |
3 May 1997 | Wiesbaden | |
| 9 | 71.32 m (233 ft 11+3⁄4 in) |  Ben Plucknett (USA) |
4 June 1983 | Eugene | |
| 10 | 71.26 m (233 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | John Powell (USA) |
9 June 1984 | San Jose | |
| 71.26 m (233 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | Rickard Bruch (SWE) |
15 November 1984 | Malmö | ||
| 71.26 m (233 ft 9+1⁄2 in) |  Imrich Bugár (TCH) |
25 May 1985 | San Jose | ||
| 13 | 71.18 m (233 ft 6+1⁄4 in) | Art Burns (USA) |
19 July 1983 | San Jose | |
| 14 | 71.16 m (233 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | Wolfgang Schmidt (GDR) |
9 August 1978 | Berlin | |
| 15 | 71.14 m (233 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | Anthony Washington (USA) |
22 May 1996 | Salinas | |
| 16 | 71.06 m (233 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |  Luis Delís (CUB) |
21 May 1983 | Havana | |
| 17 | 70.98 m (232 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Mac Wilkins (USA) |
9 July 1980 | Helsinki | |
| 18 | 70.82 m (232 ft 4 in) | Aleksander Tammert (EST) |
15 April 2006 | Denton | |
| 19 | 70.78 m (232 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |  Fedrick Dacres (JAM)
|
16 June 2019 | Rabat | [8] |
| 20 | 70.66 m (231 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | Robert Harting (GER) |
22 May 2012 | Turnov | |
| 21 | 70.54 m (231 ft 5 in) |  Dmitriy Shevchenko (RUS) |
7 May 2002 | Krasnodar | |
| 22 | 70.38 m (230 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Jay Silvester (USA) |
16 May 1971 | Lancaster | |
| 23 | 70.35 m (230 ft 9+1⁄2 in) |  Kristjan Čeh (SLO)
|
26 June 2021 | Kuortane | [9] |
| 24 | 70.32 m (230 ft 8+1⁄2 in) |  Frantz Kruger (RSA) |
26 May 2002 | Salon-de-Provence | |
| 25 | 70.29 m (230 ft 7+1⁄4 in) |  Mauricio Ortega (COL)
|
22 July 2020 | Lovelhe | [10] |
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Notes
Below is a list of all other performances (excluding ancillary throws) equal or superior to 71.00 m:
- Gerd Kanter also threw 72.02 (2007), 71.88 (2008), 71.64 (2009) and 71.45 (2010).
- Virgilijus Alekna also threw 71.56 (2007), 71.25 (2008), 71.12 (2000) and 71.08 (2006).
- Daniel Ståhl also threw 71.37 (2020) and 71.29 (2017).
- Róbert Fazekas also threw 71.25 (2002).
- Ben Plucknett also threw 71.14 (1983) and 71.08 (1983).
- Lars Riedel also threw 71.06 (1996).
- Ricky Bruch also threw 71.00 (1984).
Notable series
At the 2019 Diamond League Meeting in Doha, Qatar, Daniel Ståhl became the first man to produce six throws beyond 69.50 in a single competition.[11]
Non-legal marks
- Ben Plucknett also threw a world record of 72.34 on 7 July 1981 in Stockholm, but this performance was annulled due to doping offense.
- Rickard Bruch also threw 72.18 on 23 July 1974 at an exhibition meeting in Piteå.
- John Powell also threw 72.08 on 11 September 1987 in Klagshamn, but the throw was made onto a sloping/downhill sector.
- Kamy Keshmiri threw 70.84 on 27 May 1992 in Salinas, but this performance was annulled due to doping offense.
Images
Robert Garrett, Gold Medalist in both the discus and shot put at the 1896 Summer Olympics
2007 World Gold Medalist Gerd Kanter in Osaka
Women
| Rank | Mark | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 76.80 m (251 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | Gabriele Reinsch (GDR)
|
9 July 1988 | Neubrandenburg | |
| 2 | 74.56 m (244 ft 7+1⁄4 in) | Zdeňka Šilhavá (TCH)
|
26 August 1984 | Nitra | |
| Ilke Wyludda (GDR)
|
23 July 1989 | Neubrandenburg | |||
| 4 | 74.08 m (243 ft 1⁄2 in) | Diana Gansky (GDR)
|
20 June 1987 | Karl-Marx-Stadt | |
| 5 | 73.84 m (242 ft 3 in) |  Daniela Costian (ROU)
|
30 April 1988 | Bucharest | |
| 6 | 73.36 m (240 ft 8 in) | Irina Meszynski (GDR)
|
17 August 1984 | Prague | |
| 7 | 73.28 m (240 ft 5 in) | Galina Savinkova (URS)
|
8 September 1984 | Donetsk | |
| 8 | 73.22 m (240 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |  Tsvetanka Khristova (BUL)
|
19 April 1987 | Kazanlak | |
| 9 | 73.10 m (239 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | Gisela Beyer (GDR)
|
20 July 1984 | Berlin | |
| 10 | 72.92 m (239 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Martina Hellmann (GDR)
|
20 August 1987 | Potsdam | |
| 11 | 72.14 m (236 ft 8 in) | Galina Murashova (URS)
|
17 August 1984 | Prague | |
| 12 | 71.80 m (235 ft 6+3⁄4 in) | Mariya Vergova (BUL)
|
13 July 1980 | Sofia | |
| 13 | 71.68 m (235 ft 2 in) |  Xiao Yanling (CHN)
|
14 March 1992 | Beijing | |
| 14 | 71.58 m (234 ft 10 in) | Ellina Zvereva (URS)
|
12 June 1988 | Leningrad | |
| 15 | 71.50 m (234 ft 6+3⁄4 in) | Evelin Jahl (GDR)
|
10 May 1980 | Potsdam | |
| 16 | 71.41 m (234 ft 3+1⁄4 in) |  Sandra Perković (CRO)
|
18 July 2017 | Bellinzona | [14] |
| 17 | 71.30 m (233 ft 11 in) | Larisa Korotkevich (RUS)
|
29 May 1992 | Sochi | |
| 18 | 71.22 m (233 ft 7+3⁄4 in) |  Ria Stalman (NED)
|
15 July 1984 | Walnut | |
| 19 | 71.16 m (233 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | Valarie Allman (USA)
|
12 September 2021 | Berlin | [15] |
| 20 | 70.88 m (232 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | Hilda Ramos (CUB)
|
8 May 1992 | Havana | |
| 21 | 70.80 m (232 ft 3+1⁄4 in) | Larisa Mikhalchenko (URS)
|
18 June 1988 | Kharkiv | |
| 22 | 70.68 m (231 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Maritza Martén (CUB)
|
18 July 1992 | Sevilla | |
| 23 | 70.65 m (231 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Denia Caballero (CUB)
|
20 June 2015 | Bilbao | [16] |
| 24 | 70.50 m (231 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | Faina Melnik (URS)
|
24 April 1976 | Sochi | |
| 25 | 70.34 m (230 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Silvia Madetzky (GDR)
|
16 May 1988 | Athens |
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Notes
Below is a list of all other performances (excluding ancillary throws) equal or superior to 72.95 m:
- Gabriele Reinsch also threw 74.44 (1988) and 73.42 (1988).
- Ilke Wyludda also threw 74.40 (1988), 73.16 (1988) and 73.04 (1989).
- Diana Sachse also threw 73.90 (1987), 73.32 (1987), 73.26 (1986), 73.24 (1987) and 73.04 (1987).
- Daniela Costian also threw 73.78 (1988).
- Galina Savinkova also threw 73.26 (1983) and 72.96 (1985).
Non-legal marks
- Martina Hellmann also threw 78.14 at an unofficial meeting in Berlin on 6 September 1988
- Ilke Wyludda also threw 75.36 at an unofficial meeting in Berlin on 6 September 1988
- Darya Pishchalnikova of Russia threw a best of 70.69 in Cheboksary on 5 July 2012, but this performance was annulled due to doping offense.
Olympic medalists
Men
قالب:Olympic medalists in men's discus throw
Women
World Championships medalists
Men
قالب:World Championships in Athletics medalists in men's discus throw
Women
قالب:World Championships in Athletics medalists in women's discus throw
Season's bests
Men
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Women
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انظر أيضاً
الملاحظات والمراجع
- ^ "Discus Throwing | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
- ^ "History of Discus". www.discusnada.org. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
- ^ "Track and Field Throwing Implement Weight Requirements Rules". www.everythingtrackandfield.com. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
- ^ "Book of Rules | Official Documents". www.worldathletics.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2020-03-11.
- ^ Discus Throw - men - senior - outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-20.
- ^ "All-time men's best Discus Throw". alltime-athletics.com. 21 July 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ "Stahl goes to equal fourth on the world all-time discus list with 71.86m". European Athletics. 29 June 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
- ^ "Discus Throw Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 16 June 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ^ Steve Smythe (29 June 2021). "Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce wins sprint double in Jamaican Trials – weekly round-up". Athletics Weekly. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
- ^ Bob Ramsak (24 July 2020). "Dadic impresses in one-hour heptathlon, Ortega smashes South American discus record". World Athletics. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ Bob Ramsak (3 May 2019). "Stahl sends discus beyond 70 metres in Doha – IAAF Diamond League". IAAF. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ Discus Throw - women - senior - outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-20.
- ^ "All-time women's best Discus Throw". alltime-athletics.com. 23 June 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ Diego Sampaolo (19 July 2017). "Perkovic throws 71.41m in Bellinzona, world's best discus mark since 1992". IAAF. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
- ^ Jon Mulkeen (12 September 2021). "Allman breaks North American discus record in Berlin". World Athletics. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ "Denia Caballero sets Discus world lead of 70.65, Pichardo debuts in long jump". watchathletics.com. 21 June 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2015.