جين‌هوا
جين‌هوا ، هي مدينة بمستوى محافظة في وسط مقاطعة ژى‌جيانگ في شرق الصين. وهي تحد العاصمة الإقليمية هانگ‌ژو إلى الشمال الغربي، چوژو إلى الجنوب الغربي، لي‌شوي إلى الجنوب، تاي‌ژو إلى الشرق، و شاوشنگ إلى الشمال الشرقي. تعداد سكانها كان 5,361,572 نسمة في تعداد 2010، بما في ذلك 1,077,245 نسمة في المنطقة المبنية المتكونة من منطقتين عمرانيتين (غير منتمية إلى المدينة الساتلية لان‌شي، التي أصبحت أساساً نمو فرعي من ضواحي للمنطقة الرئيسية في جين‌هوا).
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Jinhua is rich in red soil and forest resources. The Jinhua or Wu River flows through the Lan and Fuchun to the Qiantang River beside هانگ‌ژو, which flows into خليج هانگ‌ژو وبحر الصين الشرقي. In medieval China, it formed part of the water network feeding supplies to the southern end of the القناة الكبرى. It is best known for its dry-cured Jinhua ham.
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التاريخ والثقافة
يعود تاريخ جين‌هوا إلى القرن الثاني ق.م.، حين كانت ناحية خاضعة لـ شاوشنگ. It was given the name Jinhua under the أسرة سوي في AD 598 and later became the seat of a prefecture. The present city and its walls date to the time of the الأباطرة المنغول في 1352.
The most famous native of Jinhua is Huang Chuping, a Daoist holy man of the 4th century and reputed immortal whose descendants still live in the area. Wuyang Shan ("Reclining Sheep Mountain") is said to be a sheep which was turned to stone by Huang, a trick which he learned through his years of diligently studying Daoism.[بحاجة لمصدر]
Economically Jinhua has always prospered from its position as the regional collecting and processing center for agricultural and forestry products (chiefly rice and bamboo). It is currently the second most important grain producing area in ژى‌جيانگ. In 1985 Jinhua was promoted to City status, and now is responsible for administering four cities, four counties and a district. Animals raised there include dairy cattle, meat hogs (for the production of Jinhua ham, a famous local product for 900 years) and honeybees. Jinhua's industrial sector has developed more recently, producing machinery, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, building supplies and electrical and electronic equipment.
رسام أسرة تانگ گوان شيو[2] (Kuan-hsiu) was born in Jinhua. He is known for his paintings of Buddhist holy men.
There are numerous scenic and historical sites in the Jinhua region, including many places associated with the Immortal Huang, and a palace of the Dukes of the مملكة تاي‌پنگ السماوية.
الجغرافيا
Jinhua is located at latitudes 28° 32'−29° 41' N and longitudes 119° 14'−120° 46' E in the center of ژى‌جيانگ. It borders Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, تاي‌ژو to the east, and شاوشنگ to the northeast.
المناخ
Jinhua has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) with four distinctive seasons, characterised by hot, humid summers and chilly, cloudy and drier winters (with occasional snow). The mean annual temperature is 17.33 °C (63.2 °F), with monthly daily averages ranging from 5.2 °C (41.4 °F) in January to 29.0 °C (84.2 °F) in July. The city receives an average annual rainfall of 1,450 millimetres (57.1 in) and is affected by the plum rains of the Asian monsoon in June, when average relative humidity also peaks.
| بيانات مناخ جين‌هوا (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 24.3 (75.7) |
27.4 (81.3) |
32.6 (90.7) |
32.9 (91.2) |
36.4 (97.5) |
37.5 (99.5) |
40.5 (104.9) |
39.3 (102.7) |
39.6 (103.3) |
35.3 (95.5) |
31.3 (88.3) |
23.8 (74.8) |
40٫5 (104٫9) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 9.1 (48.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
14.8 (58.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
26.5 (79.7) |
29.2 (84.6) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.5 (92.3) |
28.5 (83.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
17.9 (64.2) |
12.3 (54.1) |
21٫8 (71٫3) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | 5.2 (41.4) |
6.8 (44.2) |
10.7 (51.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
25.1 (77.2) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.6 (83.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
18.9 (66) |
13.2 (55.8) |
7.4 (45.3) |
17٫3 (63٫1) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 2.2 (36) |
3.7 (38.7) |
7.3 (45.1) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.9 (76.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
15.3 (59.5) |
9.4 (48.9) |
3.8 (38.8) |
13٫8 (56٫9) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | -9.6 (14.7) |
-8.9 (16) |
-1.6 (29.1) |
0.6 (33.1) |
8.7 (47.7) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
18.6 (65.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
2.4 (36.3) |
-2.7 (27.1) |
-6.8 (19.8) |
−9٫6 (14٫7) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 71.5 (2.815) |
91.6 (3.606) |
160.1 (6.303) |
168.9 (6.65) |
186.6 (7.346) |
258.5 (10.177) |
129.5 (5.098) |
109.1 (4.295) |
103.1 (4.059) |
68.9 (2.713) |
55.9 (2.201) |
47.9 (1.886) |
1٬451٫6 (57٫15) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.4 | 14.5 | 18.5 | 17.1 | 16.1 | 16.5 | 12.4 | 11.9 | 11.2 | 9.6 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 158٫0 |
| Source: Weather China | |||||||||||||
التقسيمات الادارية
The prefecture-level city of Jinhua administers 9 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 4 county-level cities and 3 نواحي.
| الخريطة | ||
|---|---|---|
| التقسيم | الصينية المبسطة | پن‌ين |
| Wucheng District | 婺城区 | Wùchéng Qū |
| Jindong District | 金东区 | Jīndōng Qū |
| Lanxi | 兰溪市 | Lánxī Shì |
| Yongkang | 永康市 | Yǒngkāng Shì |
| يي‌وو | 义乌市 | Yìwū Shì |
| Dongyang | 东阳市 | Dōngyáng Shì |
| ناحية وويي | 武义县 | Wǔyì Xiàn |
| Pujiang County | 浦江县 | Pǔjiāng Xiàn |
| Pan'an County | 磐安县 | Pán'ān Xiàn |
These are further divided into 191 township-level divisions, including 107 towns, 73 townships and 11 subdistricts.
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الاقتصاد
Jinhua has a rather flexible economic system with distinctive economic characteristics in different areas. 90% of enterprises are in and about 88% of its GDP are from private sector.[بحاجة لمصدر]
الصناعة
Jinhua enjoys an advanced civilian-owned economy, with its industry mainly supported by processing and manufacturing. Leading industries of the city include clothing and textile, mechanics and electronics, pharmacy and chemistry, manufacturing crafts, metalwork processing architecture and building materials, automobile-and-motorcycle accessories, food processing, and plastic ware.[بحاجة لمصدر]
Industries are distributed with different characteristics in different counties or county-level cities. For instance, Yiwu is characterized by its light-industry commodities, Yongkang by its automobile-and-motorcycle accessories and mechanical and electric tools, Dongyang by its clothing, architecture and magnetic materials, the Jinhua Proper by its pharmacy, construction materials and industrial measures, Lanxi by its non-ferrous metal, cement, towels and daily chemicals, and Pujiang by its textile, lockmaking, and lantern ornaments of crystals.[بحاجة لمصدر]
الصناعات اليدوية
Traditional handicrafts have been flourishing in Jinhua. The wood carving and bamboo weaving in Dongyang, the straw plaiting, lace purling and crystals carving in Pujiang, and the hardware crafts in Yongkang, all enjoy a long history of development and the products sell well both abroad and at home.[بحاجة لمصدر]
Transportation
Main Railway station: Jinhua Railway Station Jinhua South Railway Station Yiwu Railway Station
Jinhua enjoys convenient transportation, being the communications center in southeast China between coastal and inland areas. It is one of the major hubs of landway transportation in the country. The Zhejiang-Jiangxi, Jinhua-Wenzhou and Jinhua-Qiandaohu railways intersect in the city. The Hangzhou-Jinhua-Quzhou Expressway, the Jinhua-Lishui-Wenzhou Expressway, the No. 330 and 320 National Highways, and other provincial highroads traverse the area. The city aggregation around Jinhua Proper has formed a "Half-an-Hour's-Ride Economic Circle", there being merely a 90-minute and a 3-hour journey driving from the city to Hangzhou and Shanghai respectively.
Yiwu Airport offers airlines destined for Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Qingdao, and Hong Kong.
Landmarks
Jinhua Architecture Park, a collection of 17 pavilions designed by Chinese and international architects, set on the banks of the Yiwu River.
China's Wuju opera theatre，mainly for opera, ballet, drama, concerts, variety show comprehensive cultural facilities, is one of the landmark building of jinhua city. It is located in Jinhua city east city south street, west of bing rainbow Jin Huajiang north of east road, yiwu, jiang Wu Yijiang sanjiang interchange Dovetail State Park area
الهامش
- ^ http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-zhejiang-admin.php
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-05-26. Retrieved 2011-04-15.
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وصلات خارجية
- Government website of Jinhua (صينية)
- Government website of Jinhua(إنگليزية)
- Jinhua First Social Welfare Institute (orphanage)
- The Jinhua Swine, breeds of livestock