الشريف المرتضى

Sharif al-Murtaza
الشريف المرتضى
Sharif al-Murtaza.png
اللقبʿAlam al-Hudā
شخصية
ولد
Abū al-Qāsim ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Sharīf al-Murtaḍā

355 AH/965 CE
Baghdad, Iraq
توفي436 AH/1044 CE[1]
المثوىSharif al-Murtada Shrine in Baghdad, Iraq
الديانةIslam
الجنسيةAbbasid
الوالدانAbu Ahmad al-Husayn ibn Musa (father), Fatima (mother)
العهدIslamic Golden Age
الطائفةShia
المذهبJa'fari
العقيدةTwelver
أبرز الاهتماماتTheology, Jurisprudence, Hadith
معروف بـProminent Shia scholar, theologian, and jurist
الوظيفةScholar, Theologian, Jurist
الأقاربAl-Sharif al-Radi (brother)
مناصب رفيعة

أبو القاسم، علي بن الحسين بن موسى المعروف بالشريف المرتضى علم الهدى ، ولد عام 355 ه‍ـ ( 966 ميلادي ) كان Shia Muslim scholar, jurist and theologian from Iraq, who was widely considered one of the foremost Shia scholars of his time.[3] He was one of the students of Shaykh al-Mufīd, who taught in Baghdad and later in Najaf. His younger brother is al-Sharif al-Radi, the compiler of Nahj al-Balagha.

Al-Sharif al-Murtada lived during the era of the Shia Buyid dynasty of Daylamite origin, which came to rule over Iraq and parts of Iran in 934–1062, which also coincided with the golden age of Arabic literature, and great poets al-Ma'arri were among his contemporaries. His prominence as a Shiite authority is also evident in the outreach of his letters, which addressed inquiries of Shiite communities (masā'il) in Tiberias, Tripoli, Sidon, Mosul and Aleppo.[4]

Full name

His full name was "Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Musa ibn Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Kazim" (Arabic: علي بن الحسين بن موسی بن محمد بن موسی بن ابراهيم بن موسى الكاظم).

Lineage

جزء من سلسلة عن
الإسلام الشيعي
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المعتقدات والشعائر
إحياء الذكرى
التاريخ
الأفرع والطوائف
أهل الكساء
الصالحات

Ali ibn al-Husayn was born in Baghdad in Rajab 355 AH (June/July 966 CE) to Abu Ahmad al-Husayn ibn Musa, a fifth generation descendant of seventh Twelver Shia Imam, Musa al-Kazim (745–799). He was the naqib al-ashraf at his time. His mother was Fatima, the great-granddaughter of Zaydi Imam, Hasan al-Utrush, the ruler of Alavid Tabaristan (864–928). She was a pious and noble lady, who was held in high esteem by scholars and other notables. At her request, the great scholar Shaykh al-Mufīd compiled the book "Ahkām al-Nisā'", which contains the fiqhi rules for women.

His father called him Ali, and his nickname was Murtada. His honorific title was 'Alam al-Huda (عربية: علم الهدى). He was reportedly called as such according to a popular narration by Muhammad ibn Makki, when an Abbasid vizier called Muhammad ibn al-Husayn was told in a dream by Imam Ali to seek 'Alam al-Huda, and when asked on his identity, informed him it's Sharif Murtada.[5]

Family tree

From father's side

He is Sayyid Ali al-Sharif al-Murtada, son of:

  1. Sayyid Husayn ibn Musa
  2. Sayyid Musa ibn Muhammad "al-Abrash"
  3. Sayyid Muhammad ibn Musa "al-A'raj"
  4. Sayyid Musa ibn Ibrahim "Abu Subha"
  5. Sayyid Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Murtada
  6. Imam Musa al-Kazim
  7. Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq
  8. Imam Muhammad al-Baqir
  9. Imam Ali Zayn al-Abidin
  10. Imam Husayn al-Shahid
  11. Imam Ali al-Murtada
  12. Prophet Muhammad

From mother's side

  1. Sayyid Ali al-Sharif al-Murtada
  2. Sayyida Fatima
  3. Sayyid Husayn
  4. Sayyid Hasan al-Nasir al-Kabir
  5. Sayyid Ali
  6. Sayyid Hasan
  7. Sayyid Ali
  8. Sayyid Umar al-Ashraf
  9. Imam Ali Zayn al-Abidin
  10. Imam Husayn al-Shahid
  11. Imam Ali al-Murtada
  12. Prophet Muhammad

Theology

Since he was the pupil of both Qadi Abd al-Jabbar the Mu'tazilite and al-Shaykh al-Mufid, he was influenced by both of them. He even criticised them.

Reason and Revelation

According to Sharif al-Murtada, the first part of religious duty is the obligation to reason to the knowledge of God. The other duties are dependent on this first duty. Al-Murtada along with the Mu'tazilite starting-point is the claim that man's first duty is to use his reason to arrive at the knowledge of God. Also in Kalam there is proof of the existence of God, he defended the atomist' stance versus that of the Aristotelian notion of substantial change.[6]

God's attributes

He believed that we must not limit our-selves to applying those names mentioned in Quran.

Death

Sayyid Murtaḍā acquired the epithet of: "ʿAlam al-Hudā" ("The banner of guidance"), and died at the age of 81 years in 1044 (436 AH).

Work and Contribution

He was a multi-dimensional personality. All Shi'ite scholars acknowledge that Sayyid Murtaḍā was the greatest scholar of his era, and groomed many outstanding ulama (scholars), including the famous Shaykh al-Tūsī, the founder of the celebrated theological Center of Najaf.[7] He served as "Naqīb al-Nuqabā'" after the death of his brother.

Sayyid Murtaḍā was deeply interested in fiqh, unlike Sayyid Raḍī, who was more inclined towards politics and literature,. He was considered a master of kalam, fiqh, usul al-fiqh, literature, grammar, poetry and other fields of knowledge. His divan or poetry collection has more than 20,000 verses.

Books authored by Sayyid Murtaḍā include:

  • al-Dhakhīra fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh ( الذخيرة )
  • al-Ghurar wa al-Durar [8] ( الغرر والدرر )
  • al-Intiṣār ( الانتصار )
  • al-Shāfī ( الشافي )
  • Tanzīh al-Anbiyāʾ ( تنزيه الأنبياء )
  • Jumal al-ʿilm Wa al-ʿAmal.

بطلان نسب ملك المغرب

  1. بطلان_نسب_ملك_المغرب
  2. القاسم_بن_محمد_النفس_الزكية ( لا وجود له بكتب الأنساب )

بطلان نسب ملك المغرب

نسب ملك المغرب : محمد السادس بن الحسن الثاني بن محمد الخامس بن يوسف بن الحسن الأول بن محمد الرابع بن عبدالرحمن بن هشام بن محمد الثالث بن عبدالله الخطيب بن إسماعيل بن الشريف (مؤسس الدولة) بن علي بن محمد بن علي بن يوسف بن علي السجلماسي بن الحسن بن محمد بن الحسن الداخل بن القاسم بن محمد بن أبي القاسم بن محمد بن الحسن بن عبد الله بن محمد بن عرفة بن الحسن بن أبي بكر بن علي بن الحسن بن أحمد بن إسماعيل بن القاسم بن محمد النفس الزكية بن عبدالله الكامل بن الحسن المثنى بن الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب

  • اختلاف النسابين بعقب محمد النفس الزكية (صحيح أنهم اختلفوا بعقب النفس الزكية ولكن لم يذكر أحد منهم القاسم):
  • فمنهم من عدهم أربعة كفخر الدين الرازي في كتابه الشجرة المباركة،، وكذلك أبو نصر البخاري في كتابه سر السلسلة العلوية في أنساب السادة العلوية، وهم (عبد الله الأشتر، علي، الطاهر، الحسن).
  • ومنهم من عدهم خمسة كمصعب الزبيري في كتابه نسب قريش, وهم (عبد الله الأشتر، علي، الطاهر، الحسين وقال بعض النسابين الحسن، إبراهيم).
  • ومنهم من عدهم ستة كأبو الحسن علي بن محمد العمري في كتابه المجدي في أنساب الطالبيين، وهم (عبد الله الأشتر، علي، الطاهر، الحسن، إبراهيم، يحيى).
  • وكذلك عدهم ستة ابن حزم الأندلسي في كتابه جمهرة أنساب العرب وهم (عبد الله الأشتر، علي، الطاهر، الحسن، إبراهيم، أحمد).
  • أما ابن عنبة وأبوطالب إسماعيل الأزورقاني فذكروا بأن ذرية محمد النفس الزكية من عبدالله الأشتر وحده
  • النسابون اتفقوا على أن ذرية محمد النفس الزكية قد انحصرت عند عبدالله الأشتر بن محمد النفس الزكية

See also

References

  1. ^ "الأمالي - ط مكتبة آية الله العظمى المرعشي النجفي - السيد الشريف المرتضي - کتابخانه مدرسه فقاهت".
  2. ^ "Al-Sharif al-Murtada". WikiShia.
  3. ^ Sayyid Razi: Life and Work By: Dr. Sayyid Muhammad Mahdi Ja'fari
  4. ^ Abdul-Sater, Hussein Ali (2017). Shi'i Doctrine, Mu'tazili Theology: Al-Sharif Al-Murtada and Imami Discourse. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9781474425315.
  5. ^ magazine Baqyyah Allah, number 6, 1412 lunar Hijrah, p:39
  6. ^ McDermott, Martin J. (1978). The Theology of Al-Shaikh Al-Mufīd. Dar el-Machreq éditeurs. p. 375. ISBN 978-2-7214-5601-4.
  7. ^ Sayyid Razi: Life and Work
  8. ^ Spirit of Islam By Syed Ameer Ali

External links

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