الجمعية الوطنية التأسيسية
الجمعية الوطنية التأسيسية (فرنسية: Assemblée nationale constituante؛ إنگليزية: National Constituent Assembly) تشكل من الجمعية الوطنية في 9 يوليو 1789، أثناء المراحل الأولى من الثورة الفرنسية. وقد تم حلها في 30 سبتمبر 1791 وحل محلها الجمعية التشريعية.
الجمعية الوطنية التأسيسية Assemblée nationale constituante | |
|---|---|
| مملكة فرنسا | |
 | |
| النوع | |
| النوع | أحادية الغرفة |
| التاريخ | |
| تأسس | 9 يوليو 1789 |
| انحل | 30 سبتمبر 1791 |
| سبقه | الجمعية الوطنية |
| تلاه | الجمعية التشريعية |
| المقاعد | متغير؛ 1315 إجمالاً |
| مكان الانعقاد | |
| متغير | |
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خلفية
مجلس طبقات الأمة
مجلس طبقات الأمة في 1789، تألف من ممثلين عن الطبقات الثلاث-والذي لم يدعى للانعقاد منذ 1614، انعقد في 5 مايو 1789.[1]
قسم ملعب التنس
There were soon attempts by King Louis XVI and the Second Estate to prevent the delegates from meeting, as well as misunderstandings on both sides about each other's intentions. Locked out of its chamber, the new assembly, led by its president Jean-Sylvain Bailly, was forced to relocate to a nearby tennis court, on 20 June;[2] there, it swore the Tennis Court Oath, (Le serment du Jeu de Paume) promising "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established and consolidated upon solid foundations."[3] Failing to disperse the delegates, Louis started to recognize their validity on 27 June.[4]
The Assembly renamed itself the National Constituent Assembly on 9 July and began to function as a governing body and a constitution-drafter.[4] However, it is common to refer to the body even after then as the "National Assembly" or the "Constituent Assembly".
إعادة الملك
In the summer of 1791, the National Constituent Assembly decided that the king needed to be restored to the throne if he accepted the constitution. The decision was made after the king's failed flight to Varennes.[5] That decision enraged many Parisians into protesting, and one major protest devolved into the Champ de Mars Massacre, with 12 to 50 people killed by the National Guard.[6]
حل الجمعية
After surviving the vicissitudes of a revolutionary two years, the National Constituent Assembly dissolved itself on 30 September 1791. The following day, the Constitution of 1791 went into effect, which granted power to the Legislative Assembly.[7]
الهامش
- ^ Merriman, John.2010.A History of Modern Europe. New York: W.W. Norton & Company Inc.
- ^ Simon Schama (5 August 2004). Citizens: A Chronicle of The French Revolution. Penguin Books Limited. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-14-101727-3.
- ^ Fred Morrow Fling; Helene Dresser Fling (1913). Source Problems on the French Revolution. Harper & Brothers. p. 26.
- ^ أ ب Paul R. Hanson (23 February 2007). The A to Z of the French Revolution. Scarecrow Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-4617-1606-8.
- ^ C. J. Mitchell (1 January 1988). The French Legislative Assembly of 1791. Brill Archive. p. 15. ISBN 978-90-04-08961-7.
- ^ Woodward, W. E. Lafayette.
- ^ Jeremy Bentham (2002). Rights, Representation, and Reform: Nonsense Upon Stilts and Other Writings on the French Revolution. Oxford University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-19-924863-6.