آيندهوڤن
آيندهوڤن (Eindhoven ؛ /ˈaɪnthoʊvən/ EYENT-hoh-vən, هولندية: [ˈɛintˌɦoːvə(n)] (
استمع)) هي خامس أكبر مدينة و بلدية في هولندا، وتقع في جنوب البلد. It had a population of 235,923 in 2021, making it the largest city in the province of North Brabant. Eindhoven was originally located at the confluence of the Dommel and Gender.[8][9][10]
Eindhoven | |
|---|---|
       .jpg)  من أعلى لأسفل، من اليسار إلى اليمين: أفق آيندهوڤن، nl (Light Tower (Eindhoven)) at the city centre, Evoluon conference centre، nl (St. Anthony Church (Eindhoven))، nl (St. Catherine Church (Eindhoven)), Vesteda Tower، Van Abbe Museum, Philips Stadium of PSV Eindhoven, High Tech Campus Eindhoven | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
.svg) Location in North Brabant | |
  Eindhoven Location within the Netherlands  Eindhoven Location within Europe | |
| الإحداثيات: 51°26′N 5°29′E / 51.433°N 5.483°ECoordinates: 51°26′N 5°29′E / 51.433°N 5.483°E | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | North Brabant |
| الحكومة | |
| • الكيان | Municipal council |
| • Mayor | John Jorritsma (VVD) |
| المساحة | |
| • Municipality | 88٫87 كم² (34٫31 ميل²) |
| • البر | 87٫72 كم² (33٫87 ميل²) |
| • الماء | 1٫15 كم² (0٫44 ميل²) |
| المنسوب | 17 m (56 ft) |
| التعداد | |
| • Municipality | 227٬751 |
| • الكثافة | 2٬596/km2 (6٬720/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 337٬487 |
| • العمرانية | 419٬045 |
| • CMSA | 1٬944٬588 |
| صفة المواطن | Eindhovenaar |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postcodes | 5600–5658 |
| Area code | 040 |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | www |
Neighbouring cities and towns include Son en Breugel, Nuenen, Geldrop-Mierlo, Helmond, Heeze-Leende, Waalre, Veldhoven, Eersel, Oirschot and Best. The agglomeration has a population of 337٬487. The metropolitan area consists of 419٬045 inhabitants. The city region has a population of 753,426. The Brabantse Stedenrij combined metropolitan area has about two million inhabitants.
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أصل الاسم
The name may derive from the contraction of the regional words eind (meaning "last" or "end") and hove (or hoeve, a section of some 14 hectares of land). Toponymically, eind occurs commonly as a prefix and postfix in local place- and streetnames. A "hove" comprised a parcel of land which a local lord might lease to private persons (such as farmers). Given that a string of such parcels existed around Woensel, the name Eindhoven may have originated with the meaning "last hoves on the land of Woensel".
Another explanation is that "Eind" is derived from "Gender", the city is located at the end of this little river. Genderhoven phonetically would have changed to Endehoven. 'Ende' is also the old spelling and pronunciation of the word 'eind', which would explain the change from 'Gender' to 'Eind'.
التاريخ
بدأت تاريخ مدينة أيندهوڤن في عام 1232 ، عندما أطلق عليها الدوق هنري الأول دوق مقاطعة برابنت لقب مدينة أيدنهوفن. ويعني إسم المدينة Last yards ، مما يعكس موقعها في أقصى جنوب قرية Woensel.
الثورة الصناعية في القرن التاسع عشر أعطت زخماً كبيراً لنمو المدينة. فقد بـُنيت القنوات والطرق والسكك الحديدية. تم ربط أيندهوڤن بقناة Zuid-Willemsvaart الرئيسية عبر فرع قناة أيندهوڤن في 1843 وارتبطت بخطوط سكك حديدية بمدينة تيلبورگ, 's-Hertogenbosch, Venlo وبلجيكا بين 1866 و 1870. تمركزت الأنشطة الصناعية حول التبغ والنسيج ثم ارتفعت بشدة مع صعود نجم عملاقة الإضاءة والإلكترونيات فيليپس، التي تأسست كمنتج لمصابيح الإضاءة في أيندهوڤن عام 1891.
الجغرافيا
تنقسم المدينة حاليا إلى سبع أحياء:
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المناخ
Eindhoven has an oceanic climate with slightly warmer summers and colder winters than the coastal parts of the Netherlands. Its all-time record is 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) set on 25 July 2019 and −21.7 °C (−7.1 °F) set on 13 January 1968, while winter lows have dipped below −15 °C (5 °F) during extreme cold snaps. Although frosts are frequent in winter, there is no lasting snow cover in a normal winter due to the mild daytime temperatures.
| بيانات مناخ آيندهوڤن، هولندا من 1981– (المصدر: KNMI) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 16.3 (61.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
29.1 (84.4) |
33.4 (92.1) |
35.1 (95.2) |
40.3 (104.5) |
36.6 (97.9) |
33.1 (91.6) |
27.0 (80.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
16.4 (61.5) |
40٫3 (104٫5) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 5.7 (42.3) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.5 (58.1) |
18.6 (65.5) |
21.1 (70) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
19.5 (67.1) |
14.9 (58.8) |
9.6 (49.3) |
6.1 (43) |
14٫5 (58٫1) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | 3.0 (37.4) |
3.3 (37.9) |
6.3 (43.3) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
18.2 (64.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
3.6 (38.5) |
10٫3 (50٫5) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 0.0 (32) |
-0.1 (31.8) |
2.2 (36) |
4.1 (39.4) |
7.8 (46) |
10.5 (50.9) |
12.8 (55) |
12.2 (54) |
9.8 (49.6) |
6.7 (44.1) |
3.3 (37.9) |
0.8 (33.4) |
5٫8 (42٫4) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | -21.7 (-7.1) |
-21.6 (-6.9) |
-14.7 (5.5) |
-5.9 (21.4) |
-2.6 (27.3) |
0.3 (32.5) |
2.9 (37.2) |
3.6 (38.5) |
-0.4 (31.3) |
-6.4 (20.5) |
-9.6 (14.7) |
-17.4 (0.7) |
−21٫7 (−7٫1) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 63.6 (2.504) |
56.9 (2.24) |
58.2 (2.291) |
44.5 (1.752) |
54.6 (2.15) |
62.5 (2.461) |
77.2 (3.039) |
71.2 (2.803) |
62.6 (2.465) |
62.6 (2.465) |
78.8 (3.102) |
70.4 (2.772) |
750٫0 (29٫528) |
| % Humidity | 87 | 84 | 80 | 74 | 73 | 75 | 75 | 77 | 83 | 85 | 89 | 90 | 81 |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 16 | 14 | 16 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 176 |
| Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 cm) | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 2 | 5 | 24 |
| Sunshine hours | 61.5 | 84.0 | 120.8 | 170.2 | 202.5 | 191.5 | 204.8 | 188.8 | 141.7 | 115.9 | 65.1 | 48.1 | 1٬603٫6 |
| [بحاجة لمصدر] | |||||||||||||
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الديمغرافيا
التعداد
As of 2020, the population of Eindhoven consisted of 355,889 people (according to Worldpopulationreview).[11] Of these, 38.52% or some 63,873 people are of foreign descent.[12] People are classified as being of foreign descent when they were born outside of the Netherlands, or when at least one of their parents was born outside of the Netherlands.
| City of Eindhoven population by country of origin (2020)[13] | |
|---|---|
| Country/Territory | التعداد |
 Netherlands |
160,420 (62.48%) |
 Turkey |
10,337 (4.7%) |
 Indonesia |
6,248 (2.9%) |
 Morocco |
5,907 (2.7%) |
 Germany |
5,115 (2.4%) |
 Suriname |
3,771 (1.7%) |
 China |
3,452 (1.6%) |
 Poland |
2,956 (1.2%) |
| Dutch Caribbean |
2,704 (1.2%) |
 Belgium |
2,651 (1.2%) |
 India |
2,088 (0.7%) |
| قالب:Country data SOV Soviet Union | 1,534 (0.6%) |
 Great Britain |
1,410 (0.6%) |
 Yugoslavia |
1,386 (0.6%) |
 Spain |
1,226 (0.5%) |
الدين
Eindhoven is located in the southeast of the province of North Brabant. This area is historically Catholic and the population of Eindhoven was similarly mostly Catholic for a very long time until the late 1970s. However, the internationalizing influence of the university, Philips and other companies have created a more mixed population over the last few decades.
الدين في آيندهوڤن (2015)[14]
السياسة
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المجلس البلدي
| Party | Percentage in 2006 | Seats in 2006 | Percentage in 2010 | Seats in 2010 | Percentage in 2014 | Seats in 2014 | Percentage in 2018 | Seats in 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VVD | 11.78% | 6 | 15.65% | 8 | 13.5% | 6 | 14.7% | 7 |
| GreenLeft | 7.07% | 3 | 8.88% | 4 | 7.6% | 4 | 14.4% | 7 |
| PvdA | 26.99% | 14 | 20.56% | 10 | 15.9% | 8 | 12.3% | 6 |
| D66 | 3.33% | 1 | 12.19% | 6 | 14.7% | 7 | 11.7% | 6 |
| CDA | 14.60% | 7 | 11.50% | 6 | 8.0% | 4 | 11.4% | 5 |
| SP | 12.87% | 6 | 8.70% | 4 | 14.6% | 7 | 7.9% | 4 |
| Senior Appeal Eindhoven | 4.88% | 2 | 6.23% | 3 | 9.7% | 5 | 5.5% | 2 |
| Pim Fortuyn List | 2.27% | 1 | 4.57% | 2 | 3.7% | 1 | 3.9% | 2 |
| 50PLUS | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.9% | 2 |
| DENK | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.4% | 1 |
| Livable Eindhoven | 8.88% | 4 | 3.22% | 1 | 4.0% | 2 | 2.8% | 1 |
| ChristianUnion | 2.22% | 1 | 1.81% | 0 | 2.0% | 1 | 2.3% | 1 |
| Wide Left Movement | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.9% | 0 |
| Forum040 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.2% | 0 |
| Stratum's Interest | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.2% | 0 |
| Future Party (PvdT) | 1.05% | 0 | 0.8% | 0 | 0.6% | 0 | 0.9% | 0 |
| Blanco lijst, 1e kand. M. Leenders | - | - | - | - | 1.5% | 0 | – | – |
| Disappointed Citizens | - | - | - | - | 1.5% | 0 | – | – |
| Together Eindhoven | - | - | - | - | 1.1% | 0 | – | – |
| Unity Party | - | - | - | - | 0.7% | 0 | – | – |
| OPA Eindhoven | - | - | - | - | 0.7% | 0 | – | – |
| The Greens | - | - | - | - | 0.1% | 0 | – | – |
| Trots op Nederland/Lijst Rita Verdonk | - | - | 2.84% | 1 | - | - | – | – |
| City Party | 2.44% | 1 | 1.40% | 0 | - | - | – | – |
| Eindhoven Now | - | - | 1.16% | 0 | - | - | – | – |
| Human and Spirit Party | - | - | 0.49% | 0 | - | - | – | – |
| Students List Eindhoven | 1.69% | 0 | - | - | - | - | – | – |
| New Right | 0.98% | 0 | - | - | - | - | – | – |
| Liberal Eindhoven | 0.90% | 0 | - | - | - | - | – | – |
Election results (percentages) 2010 |
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الاقتصاد
بدأ إقتصاد مدينة أيندهوفن من النمو منذ أن كانت قرية صغيرة في عام 1232 حتى أصبحت واحدة من أكبر المدن في هولندا بعدد سكان يقارب 210.000 من السكان في 2006. ويرجع ذلك لوجود مصنعي فيبلس و DAF Trucks.
البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة
آيندهوڤن متوأمة مع:
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ "John Jorritsma" (in الهولندية). Gemeente Eindhoven. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ^ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten" [Key figures for neighbourhoods]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Postcodetool for 5611EM". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in الهولندية). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
- ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand". CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline; Metro region (in الهولندية). CBS. 31 August 2015. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
- ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline; CMSA (in الهولندية). CBS. 31 August 2015. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
- ^ Schippers, Hans (2009), "Stadsrechten en een stadswapen, 1232: het vroege Eindhoven", in Lintsen, Harry (in nl), De canon van Eindhoven, 's-Hertogenbosch: Heijnen, pp. 29–34, ISBN 9789086801275
- ^ The Gender was dammed short of the city centre in the 1950s, but the Dommel still runs through the city.
- ^ Bevolking 2015
- ^ "Eindhoven Population 2020". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
- ^ Eindhoven Population Central Bureau of Statistics. Accessed 29 August 2010 (in هولندية)
- ^ "CBS StatLine – Bevolking; leeftijd, herkomstgroepering, geslacht en regio, 1 januari". Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ http://www.rtlnieuws.nl/buurtfacts/opmerkelijk!/Geloof/noord-brabant/eindhoven///religie-Eindhoven[dead link]
- ^ "Les villes jumelles". bayeux.fr (in الفرنسية). Bayeux. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- ^ "Współpraca zagraniczna". bialystok.pl (in البولندية). Białystok. Archived from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- ^ "Quienes Somos". chinantlan.org (in الإسبانية). Chinantlan. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- ^ "リンク集". city.kadoma.osaka.jp (in اليابانية). Kadoma. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- ^ "Twin towns of Minsk". minsk.gov.by. Minsk. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
- ^ "Eindhoven's sister city Nanjing shines light on Eindhoven". eindhovennews.com. Eindhoven News. 10 September 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
Bibliography
وصلات خارجية
Media related to Eindhoven at Wikimedia Commons
آيندهوڤن travel guide from Wikivoyage