ريدر، قزاقستان
ريدر أو رِدَر ( Ridder ؛ روسية: Риддер, romanized: Rıdder)، كانت تـُعرف سابقاً بإسم لنينوگورسك (Leninogorsk ؛ روسية: Лениногорск) هي مدينة في منطقة شرق قزخستان في شمال شرق قزاقستان. تعدادها يناهز 50,500 (نتائج تعداد 2009).[2] تقع المدينة في جبال ألطاي الجنوبية الغربية، شمال شرق عاصمة المنطقة، أوسكمن، على نهر أولبا، على ارتفاع يزيد عن 700 متر.[3]
ريدر
Риддер Ridder | |
|---|---|
 Seal | |
 Image of Ridder taken from the International Space Station | |
  ريدر الموقع في قزاقستان | |
| الإحداثيات: 50°21′N 83°31′E / 50.350°N 83.517°ECoordinates: 50°21′N 83°31′E / 50.350°N 83.517°E | |
| البلد |  قزخستان |
| المنطقة | منطقة شرق قزخستان |
| تأسست | 31 مايو 1786 |
| Incorporated (city) | 10 فبراير 1934 |
| الحكومة | |
| • أكيم (عمدة) | Darkhan Kosantaev (قائم بالأعمال)[1] |
| المنسوب | 730 m (2٬400 ft) |
| التعداد (2009) | |
| • الإجمالي | 50٬500 |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+6 |
| مفتاح الهاتف | +7 72336 |
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التاريخ
The fact that Altai Krai is rich in natural deposits was discovered during Empress Catherine the Great's reign. The history of Ridder started in 1786 when 9 troops of men were sent to the Altai region to search for natural resource deposits. One of these troops was headed by an officer, Philip Ridder. On May 31, 1786, he found a very rich deposit containing gold, silver and other metals.[4]
The same year, in summer, the settlement was founded there and it was named Riddersky pit. This was how the city was founded. The unique ores of the Riddersky deposit were noted by specialists of various levels and commissions. The deposit became known far beyond Russia. In 1850, Riddersky ores received the highest appreciation at The Great Exhibition in London. In 1879 the samples were included into the museum collection of the Stockholm Royal Technical Institute.
During the early 20th century Ridder experienced a number of foreign concessions, revolution and Civil war. On February 10, 1934, the settlement of Ridder was designated a town.[5] In 1941, just before Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, the town of Ridder was renamed to Leninogorsk (in honour of Lenin).
During the Soviet period, Leninogorsk saw significant industrial growth. Several plants were constructed - the lead plant was one of the first plants for the non-ferrous industry in Kazakhstan, while Leninogorsky cascade hydro power station was the only one in Kazakhstan and the second one in Soviet Union. Several other mines and factories, including the zinc plant, were built and the college of mining and metallurgy was opened in this period.
During World War II Leninogorsk produced about 50% of the high-quality lead in the whole Soviet Union. In 2002 the city received back its original name - Ridder.[6]
الاقتصاد
Ridder is a center of mining operations and processing of nonferrous metals. Other branches of industry include wood and textile industry, food production, and mechanical engineering.
النقل
الطريق الأوروپي E40، الذي يبدأ من كاليه، فرنسا، يوجد طرفه الشرقي في ريدر. يزيد طوله عن 8000 كم، وهو أطول طريق أوروبي.
المناخ
Ridder has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with mild summers and very cold winters.
| بيانات مناخ Ridder (1991–2020, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 12.6 (54.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
21.1 (70) |
28.4 (83.1) |
34.2 (93.6) |
33.6 (92.5) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.7 (96.3) |
33.6 (92.5) |
26.7 (80.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
37٫0 (98٫6) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | -6.6 (20.1) |
-3.8 (25.2) |
2.5 (36.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
18.1 (64.6) |
22.8 (73) |
24.2 (75.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
17.2 (63) |
9.9 (49.8) |
0.1 (32.2) |
-5.3 (22.5) |
9٫45 (49٫01) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | -12.8 (9) |
-10.7 (12.7) |
-4.3 (24.3) |
4.6 (40.3) |
11.1 (52) |
15.9 (60.6) |
17.5 (63.5) |
15.7 (60.3) |
9.9 (49.8) |
3.4 (38.1) |
-5.7 (21.7) |
-10.7 (12.7) |
2٫83 (37٫09) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | -18.1 (-0.6) |
-16.9 (1.6) |
-10.6 (12.9) |
-2.0 (28.4) |
3.9 (39) |
9.0 (48.2) |
11.1 (52) |
8.7 (47.7) |
3.0 (37.4) |
-2.0 (28.4) |
-10.6 (12.9) |
-15.6 (3.9) |
−3٫34 (25٫99) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | −45.4 (-49.7) |
-41.0 (-41.8) |
−37.2 (-35) |
-24.0 (-11.2) |
-12.2 (10) |
-2.8 (27) |
2.1 (35.8) |
-2.0 (28.4) |
-11.7 (10.9) |
-23.3 (-9.9) |
−47.0 (-53) |
−40.9 (-41.6) |
−47٫0 (−52٫6) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 20 (0.79) |
18 (0.71) |
33 (1.3) |
57 (2.24) |
71 (2.8) |
71 (2.8) |
82 (3.23) |
61 (2.4) |
54 (2.13) |
61 (2.4) |
49 (1.93) |
30 (1.18) |
607 (23٫9) |
| Sunshine hours | 100 | 135 | 201 | 232 | 278 | 300 | 313 | 283 | 222 | 140 | 105 | 89 | 2٬398 |
| Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[7] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[8] | |||||||||||||
التركيبة العرقية
المعالم
Points of interest include a local متحف وحديقة نباتات.
الرياضة
In March 2013, Ridder hosted the World Ski Orienteering Championships.
المراجع
- ^ "В Риддере назначили исполняющего обязанности акима". www.inform.kz (in الروسية). 2023-04-27.
- ^ "Население Республики Казахстан" (in Russian). Департамент социальной и демографической статистики. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Ridder City, Kazakhstan". Britannica.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^ "Ridder City, Kazakhstan". AboutKazakhstan.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^ https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9A_%D0%BE%D1%82_10.02.1934_%D0%9E%D0%B1_%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0
- ^ "Town of Leninogorsk, Kazakhstan to regain historic name - Ridder". Pravda. June 11, 2002. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^ "Weather and Climate - The Climate of Ridder" (in الروسية). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ "Leninogorsk (Ridder) Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
وصلات خارجية
- Statistical information (in روسية)