بريمورسك، أبلاست لنينجراد

Coordinates: 60°22′N 28°37′E / 60.367°N 28.617°E / 60.367; 28.617
(تم التحويل من Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast)
لأماكن أخرى بنفس الاسم، انظر پريمورسك (توضيح).

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Primorsk
Приморск
Town[1]
Primorsk from bay
Primorsk from bay
درع Primorsk
Coat of arms
Location of Primorsk
Primorsk is located in Leningrad Oblast
Primorsk
Primorsk
Location of Primorsk
Primorsk is located in روسيا الأوروپية
Primorsk
Primorsk
Primorsk (روسيا الأوروپية)
Primorsk is located in بحر البلطيق
Primorsk
Primorsk
Primorsk (بحر البلطيق)
Primorsk is located in أوروپا
Primorsk
Primorsk
Primorsk (أوروپا)
الإحداثيات: 60°22′N 28°37′E / 60.367°N 28.617°E / 60.367; 28.617
البلدروسيا
الكيان الاتحاديLeningrad Oblast[1]
Administrative districtVyborgsky District[1]
Settlement municipal formationPrimorskoye Settlement Municipal Formation[1]
First mentioned1268[2]
Town status since1940
التعداد
 (2010 Census)[3]
 • الإجمالي6٬119
 • Capital ofPrimorskoye Settlement Municipal Formation[1]
 • Municipal districtVyborgsky Municipal District[4]
 • Urban settlementPrimorskoye Urban Settlement[4]
 • Capital ofPrimorskoye Urban Settlement[4]
Postal code(s)[5]
188910
Dialing code(s)+7 81378[6]
Town DayThird Saturday of September

Primorsk (روسية: Примо́рск; فنلندية: Koivisto; سويدية: Björkö[7]) is a coastal town in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia and is the second largest Russian port on the Baltic, after St. Petersburg. It is located on the Karelian Isthmus, 137 كيلومتر (85 mi) west of St. Petersburg, at the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland, near Beryozovye Islands (فنلندية: Koivusaari (Koivistonsaari), Tiurinsaari ja Piisaari; سويدية: Björkö) which are protected as a sea bird sanctuary. Population: 6,119 (تعداد 2010);[3] 5,332 (تعداد 2002);[8] 6,637 (تعداد 1989).[9]

التاريخ

الانتماءات التاريخية

قالب:Country data Kingdom of Sweden 1293–1721
 الإمبراطورية الروسية 1721–1917
Grand Duchy of Finland (Russian Empire) 1811-1917
Republic of Finland 1917–1918
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic 1918
 فنلندا 1918–1940
 الاتحاد السوڤيتي 1940–1941
 فنلندا 1941–1944
 الاتحاد السوڤيتي 1944–1991
 روسيا 1991–present

It was first mentioned in Russian chronicles as Beryozovskoye (Берёзовское, lit. birch settlement) in 1268, when the Hanseatic merchants from Gotland petitioned the Novgorod Republic to secure their passage to the Neva River.[10] The original Finnish name Koivisto means "a group of birch trees", "a birch forest". Swedish name Björkö means "birch island". Swedes annexed the region during the Third Swedish Crusade. Novgorod formally ceded the area to Sweden in the Treaty of Nöteborg in 1323. Thereafter Primorsk was organized under the control of the Fief of Viborg. It became a separate parish from the parish of Viborg in 1575.[11] The Russians retook the islands at the close of the Great Northern War in 1721. This was confirmed by the Treaty of Nystad in 1721.

In 1710, during the Great Northern War, the troops of Tsar Peter the Great included the whole area of the modern Vyborgsky District to Russia. In the course of Peter's second administrative reform, the area became a part of Vyborg Province of St. Petersburg Governorate.[citation needed] The 1721 Treaty of Nystad, which concluded the war with Sweden, finalized the transfer of this part of Old Finland to Russia.[2] In 1744, Vyborg Governorate, with the seat in Vyborg, was established.[12] After several changes, Vyborg Governorate was renamed Finland Governorate in 1802.[12] In 1811, it was renamed back and included in the Grand Duchy of Finland, which was previously ceded to Russia by Sweden.[12] In Finland, it became known as the Viipuri Province. On July 24, 1905, Wilhelm II of the German Empire and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia signed the Treaty of Björkö (Treaty of Koivisto) as a secret mutual defense accord.[13][14] In 1918, the Viipuri Province became a part of independent Finland.

Koivisto, together with the rest of the Karelian Isthmus, was ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union by the Moscow Peace Treaty as a result of the Winter War. It was recaptured by Finns in early September 1941 following the Soviet defeat at the Battle of Porlampi. The Finns held Koivisto during Continuation War but again ceded the town to the Soviet Union after the Moscow Armistice. This secession was formalized after signing Paris Peace Treaty in 1947. The population was resettled to Finland and population from Central Russia was moved to populate the Karelian Isthmus.

On May 16, 1940, Koivisto became the administrative center of the newly established Koyvistovsky District in Leningrad Oblast.[15] At the same time, Koivisto was granted town status.[citation needed] On October 1, 1948, the town was renamed Primorsk and the district was renamed Primorsky.[15] On April 3, 1954, Primorsky District was abolished and merged into Roshchinsky District, with the administrative center in Roshchino.[15] On January 4, 1957, Primorsk was transferred to Vyborgsky District.[16]

Apartment buildings near the town center in 2016

Primorsk evolved in the 20th century as an outport for the town of Vyborg.

الوضع الإداري والبلدي

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with twenty rural localities, incorporated within Vyborgsky District as Primorskoye Settlement Municipal Formation.[1] As a municipal division, Primorskoye Settlement Municipal Formation is incorporated within Vyborgsky Municipal District as Primorskoye Urban Settlement.[4]

الاقتصاد

ميناء پريمورسك

The town is the site of reportedly the largest Baltic Sea oil terminal, Port of Primorsk. It was developed as a terminus of the Baltic Pipeline System at a cost of two billion US dollars. The terminal started to operate in December 2001, supplanting Ventspils and other foreign rivals within one year.[17] In 2006, Primorsk was ranked first in Russia in crude oil export, with the export volume of 5,863,000 metric tons.[18]

In the wake of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, on April 29, 2022, Rosneft was not scheduled to export any diesel from Primorsk in May, as demand from Europe dropped off due to sanctions.[19] On 12 September, 2025, Ukraine bombed the Port of Primorsk to try to limit oil exports from Russia, which are Russia's main source of revenue.[20]

النقل

The town is on the railway line linking St. Petersburg to Vyborg. There is suburban train service to Finland Station in St. Petersburg.

The town is connected by roads with Vyborg and with Zelenogorsk and is also linked by bus to other localities nearby.

أشخاص بارزون

المراجع

الهامش

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Oblast Law #32-oz
  2. ^ أ ب История Выборгского района, история Выборгской земли (in الروسية). Муниципальное образование Выборгский район Ленинградской Области. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
  3. ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ أ ب ت ث Law #17-oz
  5. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in روسية)
  6. ^ Телефонный код Приморска (in الروسية). Телефонные коды всех городов Российской Федерации. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  7. ^ Björkö names and Bjarkey law. See also article on Bjarkey laws for the name's probable connection to old Scandinavian trade legislation.
  8. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]] (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2008-07-25. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ^ Берёзовское-Бьёрке-Койвисто-Приморск (in الروسية). Приморск - Информационный сайт. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  11. ^ Hoppu, K. W.; Kansanaho, Erkki (1953). Koivisto - Sen vaiheista, asukkaista ja elinkeinoista (in الفنلندية). Porvoo: Koivikko-Säätiö. pp. 11–15.
  12. ^ أ ب ت С. А. Тархов (2001). "Изменение административно-территориального деления России за последние 300 лет". Электронная версия журнала "География".
  13. ^ Fay, pp. 68-69. The treaty was published in Izvestia on December 29, 1917. On December 31, 1917, the treaty was copied in the Paris Excelsior. Afterwards, the treaty was copied (with slight paraphrasing) in narratives by Bompard, French ambassador at Petrograd 1902-08, and the Russian diplomat Anatoly Neklyudov.
  14. ^ Historical pictures from the German Bundesarchiv. Archived يوليو 6, 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ أ ب ت Койвистовский район (май 1940 г. - октябрь 1948 г.), Приморский район (октябрь 1948 г. - апрель 1954 г.) (in الروسية). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  16. ^ Каннельярвский район (май 1940 г. - август 1945 г.), Райволовский район (август 1945 г. - октябрь 1948 г.), Рощинский район (октябрь 1948 г. - февраль 1963 г.) (in الروسية). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  17. ^ "Baltic lessons for EU in dealing with a resurgent Russia". Financial Times. 24 November 2006. Archived from the original on May 13, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2006.
  18. ^ Fearnleys Russia Archived مارس 22, 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Russian tanker market monthly. October 27, 2006.
  19. ^ "Rosneft cuts diesel exports from key Russian port to zero". Reuters. April 29, 2022.
  20. ^ "Ukraine strikes Russia's largest oil terminal for the first time". India Today. 12 September 2025. Retrieved 2025-09-12.

المصادر

قالب:Baltic Pipeline System

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