المعرفة

گراند راپدز، مشيگن

(تم التحويل من Grand Rapids, Michigan)
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گراند راپدز Grand Rapids هي second-largest city in Michigan and the largest city in West Michigan. It is on the Grand River about 30 miles (48 km) east of Lake Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 188,040. In 2010, the Grand Rapids metropolitan area had a population of 1,005,648, and the combined statistical area of Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland had a population of 1,321,557. Grand Rapids is the county seat of Kent County.[5]

گراند راپدز، مشيگن
Grand Rapids, Michigan
مدينة
City of Grand Rapids
Images from top to bottom, left to right: downtown cityscape, Meyer May House, Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum, La Grande Vitesse, pedestrian bridge over the Grand River, Van Andel Arena, Grand Valley State University's Cook–DeVos Center on the Medical Mile
Images from top to bottom, left to right: downtown cityscape, Meyer May House, Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum,
La Grande Vitesse, pedestrian bridge over the Grand River, Van Andel Arena, Grand Valley State University's Cook–DeVos Center on the Medical Mile
علم گراند راپدز، مشيگن
Flag
الختم الرسمي لـ گراند راپدز، مشيگن
Seal
الشعار الرسمي لـ گراند راپدز، مشيگن
Logo
الكنية: 
GR, River City, Beer City USA, Furniture City
الشعار: 
Motu Viget (Latin)
(English: "Strength in activity")
Location of Grand Rapids within Kent County, Michigan
Location of Grand Rapids within Kent County, Michigan
Grand Rapids is located in Michigan
Grand Rapids
Grand Rapids
Location in the United States
Grand Rapids is located in الولايات المتحدة
Grand Rapids
Grand Rapids
Grand Rapids (الولايات المتحدة)
الإحداثيات: 42°57′40″N 85°39′20″W / 42.96111°N 85.65556°W / 42.96111; -85.65556Coordinates: 42°57′40″N 85°39′20″W / 42.96111°N 85.65556°W / 42.96111; -85.65556
البلد الولايات المتحدة
الولاية مشيگن
المقاطعةكنت
تأسست1826
أشهرت1850
الحكومة
 • النوعCity Commission-Manager
 • العمدةRosalynn Bliss
 • مدير المدينةMark Washington
المساحة
[1]
 • مدينة45٫63 ميل² (118٫19 كم²)
 • البر44٫76 ميل² (115٫92 كم²)
 • الماء0٫88 ميل² (2٫27 كم²)  1.92%
المنسوب
640 ft (200 m)
التعداد
 (2010)
 • مدينة188٬040
 • Estimate 
(2019)[3]
201٬013
 • الترتيبUS: 115th
MI: 2nd
 • الكثافة4٬491٫31/sq mi (1٬734٫09/km2)
 • Urban
 (2010)
569٬935 (US: 70th)
 • العمرانية
1٬069٬405[2] (US: 52nd)
 • CSA
1٬406٬918[2] (US: 42nd)
صفة المواطنGrand Rapidian
منطقة التوقيتUTC−5 (EST)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP code
49501, 49502, 49503, 49504, 49505, 49506, 49507, 49508, 49510, 49514, 49515, 49516, 49518, 49523, 49525, 49534, 49546, 49548, 49555, 49560, 49588, 49594
مفتاح الهاتف616
FIPS code26-34000
GNIS feature ID0627105[4]
الموقع الإلكترونيGrandRapidsMI.gov

A historic furniture-manufacturing center, Grand Rapids is home to five of the world's leading office furniture companies, and is nicknamed "Furniture City". Other nicknames include "River City" and more recently, "Beer City" (the latter given by USA Today[6] and adopted by the city as a brand).[7] The city and surrounding communities are economically diverse, based in the health care, information technology, automotive, aviation, and consumer goods manufacturing industries, among others.

Grand Rapids is the childhood home of U.S. President Gerald Ford, who is buried with his wife Betty on the grounds of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum in the city.[8] The city's main airport and one of its freeways are also named after him.

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History

المقالة الرئيسية: History of Grand Rapids, Michigan


Native American settlement

 
A 1772 engraving showing Ottawa attire of the period.

For thousands of years, succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples occupied the area. Over 2000 years ago, people associated with the Hopewell culture occupied the Grand River Valley.[9] Later, a tribe from the Ottawa River traveled to the Grand River valley, fighting three battles with the Prairie Indians who were established in the area.[10] The tribe later split, with the Chippewas settling in the northern lower peninsula, the Pottawatomies staying south of the Kalamazoo River and the Ottawa staying in central Michigan.[10]

By the late 1600s, the Ottawa, who occupied territory around the Great Lakes and spoke one of the numerous Algonquian languages, moved into the Grand Rapids area and founded several villages along the Grand River.[9][11] The Ottawa established on the river, which they called O-wash-ta-nong, or far-away-water due to the river's length, where they "raised corn, melons, pumpkins and beans, to which they added game of the woods and the fish from the streams".[10]

In 1740, an Ottawa man who would later be known as Chief Noonday and become the future chief of the Ottawa, was born.[12] Between 1761 and 1763, Chief Pontiac visited the area annually, gathering over 3,000 natives and asking them to volunteer to fight the British in Detroit, which would culminate into Pontiac's War.[10] By the end of the 1700s, there were an estimated 1,000 Ottawa in the Kent County area.[10]

European-American settlement

After the French established territories in Michigan, Jesuit missionaries and traders traveled down Lake Michigan and its tributaries.[10] At the start of the 19th century, European fur traders (mostly French Canadian and Métis) and missionaries established posts in the area among the Ottawa. They generally lived in peace, trading European metal and textile goods for fur pelts.


Grand Rapids is well known for its bridges.

Economic history

Gypsum mining

An outcropping of gypsum, where Plaster Creek enters the Grand River, was known to the Native American inhabitants of the area. Pioneer geologist Douglass Houghton commented on this find in 1838.[13][14] Settlers began to mine this outcrop in 1841, initially in open cast mines, but later underground mines as well. Gypsum was ground locally for use as a soil amendment known as "land plaster."

The Alabastine Mine in nearby Wyoming, Michigan, was originally dug in 1907 to provide gypsum for the manufacture of stucco and wall coverings, notably the alabastine favored by Arts and Crafts Movement architects. The mine has since been converted to a storage facility primarily used for computer servers and Kent County document storage.

Furniture City

During the second half of the 19th century, the city became a major lumbering center, processing timber harvested in the region. Logs were floated down the Grand River to be milled in the city and shipped via the Great Lakes. The city became a center of fine wood products as well. By the end of the century, it was established as the premier furniture-manufacturing city of the United States.[15] It was nicknamed "Furniture City" and exhibited many of its products at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. "After an international exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876, Grand Rapids became recognized worldwide as a leader in the production of fine furniture."[16]

This event in Philadelphia, attended by hundreds of thousands of people, helped spark the Colonial Revival movement in American furniture. "Grand Rapids furniture" became a byword for well-made reproductions of American and English 18th and early 19th-century styles. Furniture companies included the William A. Berkey Company and its successors, Baker Furniture Company, Williams-Kimp, and Widdicomb Furniture Company.[17] The Grand Rapids Furniture Record was the trade paper for the city's industry. Its industries provided jobs for many new immigrants from Europe in the late 19th and early 20th century, and a Polish neighborhood developed on the west side of the city.

 
A 1915 panorama, when the furniture industry peaked before the Great Depression.

A furniture-makers' guild was established in 1931 to improve the design and craftsmanship of Grand Rapids furniture. National home furnishing markets were held in Grand Rapids for about 75 years, concluding in the 1960s. By that time, the furniture-making industry had largely shifted to North Carolina.[18]

Although local employment in the industry is lower than at its historic peak, Grand Rapids remains a leading city in office furniture production. It incorporated trends to use steel and other manufactured materials in furniture, with ergonomic designs for chairs, computer stations, and other furnishings.[19]

Geography

 
Grand River

Topography

Grand Rapids developed on the banks of the Grand River, where there was once a set of rapids, at an altitude of 610 feet (186 m) above sea level. Ships could navigate on the river up to this fall line, stopping because of the rapids. The river valley is flat and narrow, surrounded by steep hills and bluffs. The terrain becomes more rolling hills away from the river. The countryside surrounding the metropolitan area consists of mixed forest and farmland, with large areas of orchards to the northwest. It is approximately 25 mi (40 km) east of Lake Michigan. The state capital of Lansing lies about 60 mi (97 km) to the east-by-southeast, and Kalamazoo is about 50 mi (80 km) to the south.

Grand Rapids is divided into four quadrants, which form a part of mailing addresses in Kent County. The quadrants are NE (northeast), NW (northwest), SE (southeast), and SW (southwest). Fulton Street serves as the north–south dividing line, while Division Avenue serves as the east–west dividing line separating these quadrants.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 45.27 square miles (117.25 km2), of which, 44.40 square miles (115.00 km2) of it is land and 0.87 square miles (2.25 km2) is water.[20]

Climate

Grand Rapids
جدول الطقس (التفسير)
يفمأمييأسأند
 
 
2.1
 
31
18
 
 
1.8
 
34
20
 
 
2.4
 
44
27
 
 
3.4
 
58
38
 
 
4
 
70
48
 
 
3.8
 
79
58
 
 
3.8
 
83
62
 
 
3.6
 
81
61
 
 
4.3
 
73
53
 
 
3.3
 
60
42
 
 
3.5
 
47
33
 
 
2.5
 
35
24
متوسطات درجات الحرارة القصوى والدنيا - °ف
إجمالي الهطل - بوصة
المصدر: NOAA[21]

Grand Rapids has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa),[22] with very warm and humid summers, cold and snowy winters, and short and mild springs and autumns.



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أفق المدينة

انظر أيضاً: List of tallest buildings in Grand Rapids and List of nature centers in Michigan


 
A barn belonging to the Blandford School at the Blandford Nature Center في مطلع الربيع

Demographics

التعداد التاريخي
التعداد Pop. %±
18502٬686—
18608٬085201�0%
187016٬507104٫2%
188032٬01694�0%
189060٬27888٫3%
190087٬56545٫3%
1910112٬57128٫6%
1920137٬63422٫3%
1930168٬59222٫5%
1940164٬292−2٫6%
1950176٬5157٫4%
1960177٬3130٫5%
1970197٬64911٫5%
1980181٬843−8�0%
1990189٬1264�0%
2000197٬8004٫6%
2010188٬040−4٫9%
2019 (تق.)201٬013[3]6٫9%
U.S. Decennial Census[26]



الاقتصاد

أكبر أرباب العمل في گراند راپدز
المصدر: The Right Place
Rank Company/Organization #
1 Spectrum Health 25,000
2 Meijer 10,340
3 Mercy Health 6,200
4 Amway Corporation 4,000
5 Gentex 3,900
6 Perrigo Company 3,800
7 Herman Miller 3,621
8 Steelcase Inc. 3,500
9 Grand Valley State University 3,306
10 Magna International 2,254
11 Lacks Enterprises 2,800
12 Grand Rapids Public Schools 2,800
13 Farmers Insurance Group 2,700
14 SpartanNash 2,585
15 Gordon Food Service 2,544
16 Metro Health Hospital 2,400
17 Alcoa Howmet 2,350
18 Fifth Third Bank 2,280
19 Priority Health 2,250
20 Flex-N-Gate 2,384
للمزيد من المعلومات: قائمة شركات مشيگن
 
مجموعة من منشآت سپكترم هلث ورفاقها في الميل الطبي.


الثقافة

 
Independence Day celebration on the Grand River.


السياحة

 
The Gerald R. Ford Museum, dedicated in 1981, is located downtown on the west bank of the Grand River. President Ford and First Lady Betty Ford are buried on the museum's grounds.


 
Space Statue at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum in Grand Rapids, Michigan

Along the Grand River are reconstructed earthwork burial mounds, which were constructed by the prehistoric Hopewell tribe; a fish ladder, and a riverwalk.

الترفيه والفنون الأدائية

 
Wealthy Theatre

Grand Rapids has a number of popular concert venues in which numerous bands have performed, including 20 Monroe Live, the DAAC, the Intersection, DeVos Performance Hall, Van Andel Arena, Royce Auditorium in St. Cecilia Music Center, Forest Hills Fine Arts Center, The Pyramid Scheme, and the Deltaplex.

The Schubert Male Chorus of Grand Rapids was founded by Henry C. Post on November 19, 1883; the chorus continues to perform a variety of music.

The Grand Rapids Symphony, founded in 1930, is the largest performing arts organization in Grand Rapids with a roster of about 50 full-time and 30 part-time musicians. In addition to its own concert series, the orchestra under music director Marcelo Lehninger accompanies productions by Grand Rapids Ballet and Opera Grand Rapids, presenting more than 400 performances a year.[27]

 
سيمفونية گراند راپدز


Sister cities

Grand Rapids has city partnerships with the following cities:[28]


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See also

Notes

  1. ^ Official records for Grand Rapids kept June 1892 to December 1940 at downtown, at the first Grand Rapids Airport some 4 mi (6.4 km) south of downtown from January 1941 to November 23, 1963, and at Gerald Ford Int'l since its opening on November 24, 1963. For more information, see Threadex

References

  1. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
  2. ^ أ ب "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals and Components of Change: 2010-2019". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
  3. ^ أ ب "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  4. ^ "U.S. Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2001. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
  5. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on June 26, 2008. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
  6. ^ "Best Beer Town Winners: 2014 10Best Readers' Choice Travel Awards". 10Best (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved May 18, 2019.
  7. ^ "Beer City, USA". Experience Grand Rapids Convention & Visitors Bureau. Retrieved 2019-05-18.
  8. ^ "Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum". Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from the original on سبتمبر 21, 2013. Retrieved سبتمبر 24, 2013.
  9. ^ أ ب "Grand Rapids Historical Perspective". City of Grand Rapids. 2008. Archived from the original on يونيو 6, 2014. Retrieved أغسطس 20, 2017.
  10. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح "A Brief History of Lowell". Kent County Michigan GenWeb Project. County of Kent. Archived from the original on أكتوبر 2, 2016. Retrieved أكتوبر 2, 2016.
  11. ^ Richmond, Rebecca L. (1906). "The Fur Traders of the Grand River Valley". Publications of the Historical Society of Grand Rapids. 1: 36. OCLC 13895154 – via Google Books.
  12. ^ History of Kent County, Michigan. Chicago, Illinois: Chas. C. Chapman & Co. December 1881. Retrieved October 2, 2016 – via University of Michigan Libraries.
  13. ^ "Gypsum". Michigan State University. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
  14. ^ Lane, Alfred Church (1980). Report of the State Board of Geological Survey: Michigan. State Board of Geological Survey. p. 3 – via Internet Archive.
  15. ^ "The Furniture City". Grand Rapids Public Museum. Archived from the original on March 5, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
  16. ^ Bray, Nicole; DuShane, Robert (2013). Ghosts of Grand Rapids. The History Press. pp. 13–14. ISBN 9781626192058 – via Google Books. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Furniture Detective: Not All Antique Grand Rapids Furniture Is Grand". The Antique Trader.
  18. ^ "North Carolina, the Furniture Capital of the World". Visit NC.
  19. ^ "Grand Rapids Historical Perspective". City of Grand Rapids, Michigan. Archived from the original on يونيو 6, 2014. Retrieved أغسطس 20, 2017.
  20. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 20, 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  21. ^ National Weather Office Forecast Office Grand Rapids, MI. (select NOWData, then daily/monthly normals) Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  22. ^ Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rubel, Franz (June 2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated" (PDF). Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 15 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  24. ^ "Station Name: MI Grand Rapids". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2014.
  25. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for Grand Rapids/Kent Co. Int'l Ar., MI 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
  26. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved July 21, 2013.
  27. ^ "About the GRS". The Grand Rapids Symphony. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
  28. ^ "Our Sister Cities". Grand Rapids Sister Cities International. June 13, 2012. Retrieved November 28, 2013.

Further reading

  • Carron, Christian G. (1998). Grand Rapids Furniture: The Story of America's Furniture City. Grand Rapids, MI: Grand Rapids Public Museum.
  • Fernández, Delia (Spring 2013). "Becoming Latino: Mexican and Puerto Rican Community Formation in Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1926–1964". Michigan Historical Review. 39: 71–100. doi:10.5342/michhistrevi.39.1.0071.
  • Jelks, Randal Maurice (2006). African Americans in the Furniture City: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Grand Rapids. University of Illinois Press.
  • Robinson, Todd E. (2013). A City Within a City: The Black Freedom Struggle in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

External links

قالب:Grand Rapids, Michigan قالب:Cities of Kent County, Michigan قالب:West Michigan

قالب:Michigan cities and mayors of 100,000 population

قالب:Great Lakes Megalopolis

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