ديويت كلنتون
ديويت كلنتون DeWitt Clinton (2 مارس 1769 – 11 فبراير 1828) كان سياسياً أمريكياً مبكراً وعالم طبيعة وعمل سناتور أمريكي وكان سادس حاكم لولاية نيويورك. وأثناء عمله بذلك المنصب، كان المسئول عن إنشاء قناة إيري.[1] Clinton was the leader of New York's People’s Party and was a major rival of مارتن ڤان بيورن, who was the Attorney General of New York during Clinton's governorship. Clinton believed that infrastructure improvements could transform American life, drive economic growth, and encourage political participation, and he heavily influenced the development of the New York State and the United States.[2]
| ديويت كلنتون | |
|---|---|
| |
| پورتريه بريشة رمبرانت پيل (ح. 1823) | |
| 6th حاكم نيويورك | |
| في المنصب 1 يوليو 1817 – 31 ديسمبر 1822 | |
| Lieutenant | John Tayler |
| سبقه | John Tayler |
| خلفه | Joseph C. Yates |
| 8th Governor of New York | |
| في المنصب January 1, 1825 – February 11, 1828 | |
| Lieutenant | James Tallmadge, Jr. Nathaniel Pitcher |
| سبقه | Joseph C. Yates |
| خلفه | Nathaniel Pitcher |
| United States Senator from New York | |
| في المنصب February 23, 1802 – November 4, 1803 | |
| سبقه | John Armstrong, Jr. |
| خلفه | John Armstrong, Jr. |
| 47th, 49th and 51st Mayor of New York City | |
| في المنصب 1803–1807 | |
| سبقه | Edward Livingston |
| خلفه | Marinus Willett |
| في المنصب 1808–1810 | |
| سبقه | Marinus Willett |
| خلفه | Jacob Radcliff |
| في المنصب 1811–1815 | |
| سبقه | Jacob Radcliff |
| خلفه | John Ferguson |
| تفاصيل شخصية | |
| وُلِد | مارس 2, 1769 Little Britain, Province of New York |
| توفي | فبراير 11, 1828 (aged 58) ألباني، نيويورك، المملكة المتحدة |
| الحزب | Democratic-Republican Federalist |
| الجامعة الأم | جامعة كلومبيا |
| الدين | Presbyterian |
| التوقيع | 
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قناة إيري
أثناء عمله حاكماً، كان كلنتون مسئولاً لحد كبير عن إنشاء قناة إيري. فقد أقنعه المنادي بإنشاء القناة جسي هولي لأن يدعم إنشاء قناة من الساحل الشرقي لـبحيرة إيري إلى أعالي نهر هدسن. Many thought the project was impracticable, and opponents mocked it as "DeWitt's Ditch".[3] But in 1817, he got the legislature to appropriate $7,000,000 for construction. When the Canal was finished in 1825, Governor Clinton opened it, sailing in the packet boat Seneca Chief along the Canal into Buffalo. After sailing from the mouth of Lake Erie to New York City he emptied two casks of water from Lake Erie into New York Harbor, celebrating the first connection of waters from East to West. The Canal was an immense success, carrying huge amounts of passenger and freight traffic. The cost of freight between Buffalo and Albany fell from $100 to $10 per ton, and the state was able to quickly recoup the funds it spent on the project through tolls along the canal. The completion of the canal brought about a significant shift in public opinion on Clinton, who was now hailed for completing the canal. This change in public opinion was reflected in the newspapers of the time. Previously being filled with harsh criticisms of Clinton and the canal, they now celebrated his accomplishment. For example, an article in the New Hampshire Sentinel began saying, “The efforts of Gov. Clinton to advance the best interest of the State over which he presides are very generally acknowledged both by his constituents and the public abroad. His exertions in favor of the great Canal have identified his name with that noble enterprise, and he will be remembered while its benefits are experienced,” and ended with “Yield credit to Clinton, and hail him by name".
ذكراه
قائمة الأماكن المسماة على اسم ديويت كلنتون:
بلدات
- Clinton, Minnesota
- Clinton, Arkansas
- DeWitt, Arkansas
- Clinton, Connecticut
- Clinton, Illinois, which is located in DeWitt County
- Clinton, Indiana
- Clinton, Iowa
- Clinton, Louisiana
- Clinton, Maine
- Clinton, Massachusetts
- Clinton, Michigan
- Clinton, Mississippi
- Clinton, Missouri
- Clinton, New Jersey
- Port Clinton, Ohio
- Port Clinton, Pennsylvania
- DeWitt, Illinois, which is located in DeWitt County
- DeWitt, Iowa, which is located in Clinton County
- DeWitt, Michigan, which is located in Clinton County
مقاطعات
- Clinton County, Iowa, the county seat of which is Clinton, Iowa
- Clinton County, Kentucky
- Clinton County, Michigan
- Clinton County, Pennsylvania
- Clinton County, Illinois
- DeWitt County, Illinois, the county seat of which is Clinton, Illinois
(Note that the naming of two counties in Illinois after Clinton is the only instance in the United States of two counties in the same state being named after the same person.)
جبال
Notes
- ^ Edwin G. Burrows "Little Short of Madness," American Heritage, Winter 2010.
- ^ Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848, (2007) p. 241
- ^ John Steele Gordon "10 Moments That Made American Business," American Heritage, February/March 2007.
للاستزادة
- Bobbe, Dorothie. DeWitt Clinton (1933)
- Cornog, Evan. The Birth of Empire: Dewitt Clinton and the American Experience, 1769–1828 (1998) Oxford University Press, (2000) online
- Hanyan, Craig and Mary L. De Witt Clinton and the Rise of the People's Men McGill-Queens University Press, (1996) online
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). دائرة المعارف البريطانية (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - Sloan, De Villo. The Crimsoned Hills of Onondaga. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2008 [1]
وصلات خارجية
| مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي | ||
|---|---|---|
| سبقه John Armstrong, Jr. |
سناتور أمريكي (المرتبة 3) عن New York 1802–1803 خدم بجانب: گوڤرنير موريس, Theodorus Bailey |
تبعه John Armstrong, Jr. |
| مناصب سياسية | ||
| سبقه Edward Livingston |
Mayor of New York City 1803–1807 |
تبعه Marinus Willett |
| سبقه Marinus Willett |
Mayor of New York City 1808–1810 |
تبعه Jacob Radcliff |
| سبقه John Tayler acting |
Lieutenant Governor of New York 1811–1813 |
تبعه John Tayler |
| سبقه Jacob Radcliff |
Mayor of New York City 1811–1815 |
تبعه John Ferguson |
| سبقه John Tayler |
حاكم نيويورك 1817–1822 |
تبعه Joseph C. Yates |
| سبقه Joseph C. Yates |
Governor of New York 1825–1828 |
تبعه Nathaniel Pitcher |
| مناصب حزبية | ||
| سبقه Charles Cotesworth Pinckney |
Federalist Party presidential candidate 1812 (lost) |
تبعه Rufus King |