تشرنيهيڤ
Chernihiv (أوكرانية: Чернігів, IPA: [tʃerˈn(j)iɦiu̯]), also known as Chernigov (روسية: Черни́гов; پولندية: Czernihów, IPA: [tʂɛrˈɲixuf]),[أ] is a city and municipality (Chernihiv urban hromada[2]) in northern Ukraine, which serves as the administrative center of the Chernihiv Oblast (province), and Chernihiv Raion (district) within the oblast. Chernihiv's population is 285,234 (2021 est.)[3].
تشرنيهيڤ
Чернігів Chernihiv | |
|---|---|
   .jpg)   From top, left to right: Trinity Monastery, Chernihiv Philharmony, Administrative building, The building of the former provincial zemstvo, Pyatnytska Church, and view of ancient Chernihiv with Transfiguration, Borys and Hlib Cathedrals and Chernihiv Collegium | |
 Flag  Coat of arms  | |
| الكنية: مدينة الأساطير | |
  تشرنيهيڤ Location of Chernihiv in Ukraine  تشرنيهيڤ تشرنيهيڤ (أوكرانيا) | |
| الإحداثيات: 51°29′38″N 31°17′41″E / 51.49389°N 31.29472°ECoordinates: 51°29′38″N 31°17′41″E / 51.49389°N 31.29472°E | |
| البلد | أوكرانيا |
| الأوبلاست | أوبلاست تشرنيهيڤ |
| الرايون | رايون تشرنيهيڤ |
| First mentioned | 907 |
| City Status | 907 |
| Control |  أوكرانيا |
| الحكومة | |
| • Mayor | Vladyslav Atroshenko[1] (uk (Native Home)[1]) |
| المساحة | |
| • الإجمالي | 79 كم² (31 ميل²) |
| المنسوب | 136 m (446 ft) |
| التعداد (2021) | |
| • الإجمالي | 285٬234 |
| • الكثافة | 1٬547/km2 (4٬010/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 14000 |
| مفتاح الهاتف | (+380) 462 |
| لوحة السيارة | CB / 25 |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | chernigiv-rada.gov.ua |
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الجغرافيا
Chernihiv stands on the Desna River 150 km (93 mi) to the north-north-east of Kyiv.
The area was served by Chernihiv Shestovitsa Airport, and during the Cold War it was the site of Chernigiv air base.
التاريخ
Chernihiv was first mentioned (as Черниговъ (Chernigov)) in the Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (907), but the time of establishment is not known. According to the items uncovered by archaeological excavations of a settlement which included artifacts from the Khazar Khaganate, it seems to have existed at least in the 9th century. Towards the end of the 10th century, the city probably had its own rulers. It was there that the Black Grave, one of the largest and earliest royal mounds in Eastern Europe, was excavated in the 19th century.
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المناخ
Chernihiv has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) with cold, cloudy and snowy winters, and warm, sunny summers. The average annual temperature for Chernihiv is 7.0 °C (44.6 °F), ranging from a low of −5.6 °C (21.9 °F) in January to a high of 19.5 °C (67.1 °F) in July. Precipitation is well distributed throughout the year though precipitation is higher during the summer months and lower during the winter months. The record high was 41.1 °C (106.0 °F) and the record low was −36.0 °C (−32.8 °F).
| بيانات مناخ تشرنيهيڤ (1991–2020, القصوى 1948–الحاضر) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 9.8 (49.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
29.7 (85.5) |
33.5 (92.3) |
36.0 (96.8) |
41.1 (106) |
38.0 (100.4) |
35.5 (95.9) |
27.8 (82) |
18.4 (65.1) |
13.1 (55.6) |
41٫1 (106) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | −1.7 (28.9) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
5.7 (42.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
20.8 (69.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.6 (78.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
12.2 (54) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
12٫6 (54٫7) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | −4.2 (24.4) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
1.4 (34.5) |
9.0 (48.2) |
15.0 (59) |
18.6 (65.5) |
20.5 (68.9) |
19.3 (66.7) |
13.8 (56.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
8٫0 (46٫4) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | −6.6 (20.1) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
3.9 (39) |
9.4 (48.9) |
13.0 (55.4) |
15.0 (59) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.8 (47.8) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
3٫9 (39) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | −36.0 (-33) |
−33.9 (-29) |
−29.9 (-21.8) |
−13.9 (7) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
1.1 (34) |
4.6 (40.3) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−23.5 (-10.3) |
−28.0 (-18) |
−36٫0 (−33) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 33.5 (1.319) |
37.8 (1.488) |
33.7 (1.327) |
41.4 (1.63) |
54.9 (2.161) |
68.0 (2.677) |
71.0 (2.795) |
59.0 (2.323) |
57.1 (2.248) |
42.0 (1.654) |
48.1 (1.894) |
44.7 (1.76) |
591٫2 (23٫276) |
| % Humidity | 85.6 | 82.8 | 77.9 | 68.8 | 66.4 | 70.3 | 70.7 | 70.4 | 77.2 | 81.5 | 87.6 | 87.4 | 77٫2 |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.6 | 8.9 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 7.3 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 99٫9 |
| Avg. snowy days | 16 | 13 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 15 | 64 |
| Sunshine hours | 47.0 | 68.0 | 130.1 | 185.2 | 277.2 | 270.7 | 278.7 | 259.1 | 161.2 | 111.0 | 41.9 | 34.3 | 1٬864٫4 |
| Source #1: Pogoda.ru[4] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: World Meteorological Organization (precipitation, humidity, and sun 1981–2010),[5] Weatherbase (snow days)[6] | |||||||||||||
معرض صور
The Pyatnytska Church Friday (c. 1201, restored after World War II).
Krasna Square and Shevchenko Theatre
Monument to Hetman Mazepa by Giennadij Jerszow
Opera and Drama Theatre, designed by Semyon Fridlin
Shchors cinema in Chernihiv
Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi Museum
Tarnovsky Museum of antiquities
Church of St. Michael and Fedir in Chernihiv
Old and modern buildings
Central Post Office
New apartment block
City hospital
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مواطنون فخريون
أشخاص بارزون
- Yukhym Shkolnykov, Ukrainian coach and Soviet footballer, from Chernihiv, played for the team Avanhard Chernihiv that in 1960.
- Jacob Tamarkin, Russian-American mathematician born in Chernihiv
- Denys Skepskyi Ukrainian footballer born in Chernihiv
- Dmytro Zaderetskyi Ukrainian footballer born in Chernihiv
- Anatoly Rybakov, Russian writer
- Nikolai Fedorovich Drozdov, scientist and Red Army general
- Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko, Soviet Bolshevik leader and diplomat
- Vadim Pruzhanov, keyboardist for the Extreme Power Metal band DragonForce
- Giennadij Jerszow, Polish-Ukrainian sculptor born in Chernihiv
- Eduard Weitz (born 1946), Israeli Olympic weightlifter
- Anna Leporskaya, Soviet avant-garde artist
- Dmytro Mytrofanov is a Ukrainian middleweight professional boxer
- Andriy Yarmolenko, Ukrainian footballer raised in Chernihiv who played for FC Desna Chernihiv, FC Dynamo Kyiv, Borussia Dortmund and now plays for West Ham United F.C.
- Andriy Fedorenko, Ukrainian footballer goalkeeper born in Chernihiv
- Denys Bezborodko, Ukrainian footballer born in Chernihiv, played for Shakhtar-3 Donetsk
- Yuriy Hruznov, Ukrainian footballer goalkeeper and coach born in Chernihiv, played for FC Desna Chernihiv
- Vitaliy Havrysh, Ukrainian footballer born in Chernihiv, played for FC Desna Chernihiv
- Oleh Lyashko, Ukrainian politician, member of Verhovna Rada and leader of Radical Party of Oleh Lyashko.
- Andriy Protsko, Ukrainian footballer born in Chernihiv, who got the most caps for FC Desna Chernihiv
- Pavlo Polehenko, Ukrainian defender footballer born in Chernihiv, started his career in FC Yunist Chernihiv
- Yana Doroshenko, Ukrainian-born Azerbaijani volleyball player
العلاقات الدولية
بلدات توأم – مدن شقيقة
Chernihiv is currently twinned with:
Gomel, Belarus
Memmingen, Bavaria, Germany since 2009
Tarnobrzeg, Poland[7] (since 2008)
Petah Tikva, Israel
Gabrovo, Bulgaria
Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
Ogre, Latvia
Prilep, North Macedonia
ملاحظات
- ^ Other English renditions of Чернигов include Tchernigov, Tschernigow, Tschernigov, Chernigiv and Chernigow.
ببليوگرافيا
- Ocherk istorii goroda Chernigova 907–1907 gg. (Chernihiv 1908)
- Hrushevs'kyi, M. (ed). Chernihiv i Pivnichne Livoberezhzhia (Kyiv 1928)
- Martin Dimnik. The Dynasty of Chernigov, 1146–1246.
- Rybakov, B. Drevnosti Chernigova (Moscow 1949)
- Ignatkin, I. Chernigov (Kyiv 1955)
- Iedomakha, I. Chernihiv (Kyiv 1958)
- Logvin, G.N. (Г. Н. Логвин) (1965). Chernigov, Novgorod-Seversky, Glukhov, Putivl (Чернигов, Новгород-Северский, Глухов, Путивль) (in الروسية). Moscow.
- Asieiev, Iu. Arkhitektura Kyïvs'koï Rusi (Kyiv 1969)
- Karnabida, A. Chernihiv. Istorychno-arkhitekturnyi narys (Kyiv 1969)
- (1972) Історіа міст і сіл Української CCP – Чернігівська область (History of Towns and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR – Chernihiv Oblast), Kyiv. (in أوكرانية)
- Asieiev, Iu. Dzherela. Mystetstvo Kyïvs'koï Rusi (Kyiv 1980)
- Pyotr Rappoport (П. А. Раппопорт) (1993). Ancient Russian Architecture (Древнерусская архитектура) (in الروسية). Saint-Petersburg.
الهامش
- ^ أ ب Small biography on Vladyslav Atroshenko, Civil movement "Chesno" (in أوكرانية)
- ^ "Чернігівська територіальна громада" (in الأوكرانية). decentralization.gov.ua.
- ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України (التعداد الفعلي لأوكرانيا)" (PDF) (in الأوكرانية). مصلحة إحصائيات الدولة الأوكرانية. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ Погода и Климат – Климат Чернигов [Weather and Climate – The Climate of Chernihiv] (in الروسية). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Chernihiv, Ukraine". Weatherbase. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
- ^ "Tarnobrzeg Official Website – Partner Cities".
(in Polish) Urząd Miasta Tarnobrzeg. Archived from the original on 2007-12-18. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
وصلات خارجية
- Chernihiv City Portal
- chernigiv-rada.gov.ua — Official webportal of the Chernihiv City Rada (in أوكرانية and إنگليزية)
- Chernihiv guide
- Chernihiv in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- "Chernigov-Gethsemane" Icon of the Mother of God. Russian Orthodox Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, Washington DC. (ROCOR).
- Chernihiv Sketch Map — Sketch Map of Chernihiv
- Chernihiv souvenirs — Chernihiv Gifts and Souvenirs
- History of Jewish Community in Chernigov
- The murder of the Jews of Chernihiv during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.