حرب خاطفة

الحرب الخاطفةBlitzkrieg هي نوع من الحرب سريعة الحركة، طورها الألمان أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية (1939- 1945م). في الحرب الخاطفة حيث تقوم دبابات البانزر السريعة، أو القوات المختلفة، بهجوم ساحق على خطوط العدو ثم تكتسح إلى الداخل، تدعمها قاذفات الانقضاض. وطور الروس خطة الدفاع في العمق ليقابلوا بها الحرب الخاطفة. وكانوا يتركون الألمان يكتسحون للداخل، ثم يفرون من شراكهم أو يحيطون بالألمان المتقدمين ويدمرونهم. وقد سُميِّت غارات الألمان على لندن والمدن البريطانية الأخرى أثناء عامي 1940م، 1941م، بالغارات الجوية الخاطفة.

The classic characteristic of what is commonly known as "blitzkrieg" is a highly mobile form of infantry and armour working in combined arms teams.

Organization of a 1941 German panzer division.

Heinz Guderian

طورت عدة دول المبادئ التي قام عليها مفهوم الحرب الخاطفة خلال العشرينيات والثلاثينيات من القرن الماضي، لكن الجيش الألماني (الفيرماخت) كان من طبق هذا المفهوم واستخدمه على نطاق واسع خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية. تتضمن الحرب الخاطفة شن قذف مدفعي مكثف يهدف إلى إلحاق أكبر قدر من الخسائر بقوات العدو، بالإضافة إلى التأثير على معنويات الجنود المدافعين. ثم يعقب ذلك هجوماً بالوحدات الجوية من قاذفات ومقاتلات لتدمير النقاط الدفاعية للعدو، بعد ذلك يأتي دور وحدات المدرعات التي تتبعها وحدات مشاة ميكانيكية مجهزة بآليات مدرعة ومدفعية مضادة للطائرات.

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 التفوق الجوي

The Hawker Typhoon posed a serious threat to German armour and motor vehicles during the Battle of Normandy in 1944.

 عمليات

 بولندا 1939

In Poland, fast moving armies encircled Polish forces (blue circles), but the blitzkrieg idea never really took hold – artillery and infantry forces acted in time-honoured fashion to crush these pockets.

 أوروبا الغربية 1940

German advances during the Battle of Belgium

German advances during the Battle of France

 الاتحاد السوفياتي الجبهة الشرقية 1941-1944

After 1941–42, armored formations were increasingly used as a mobile reserve against Allied breakthroughs. The black arrows depict armored counter-attacks.

 انظر أيضا

• AirLand Battle, blitzkrieg-like doctrine of US Army in 1980s
• Armored warfare
• Rush (computer and video games), an RTS strategy influenced by the blitzkrieg method
• Shock and Awe, the 21st century American military doctrine
• Vernichtungsgedanken, or 'annihilation thoughts', one of blitzkrieg predecessors
• Mission-type tactics, tactical battle doctrine of delegation and initiative stimulation
• Deep Battle, Soviet Red Army Military Doctrine from the 1930s often confused with blitzkrieg.
• Battleplan (documentary TV series)

 المصادر

• الموسوعة المعرفية الشاملة

 مراجع

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• Citino, Robert Michael. (2005) The German Way in War: From the Thirty Years War to the Third Reich, University of Kansa Press. ISBN 978-0700661624-4
• Citino, Robert Michael. (2002) Quest for Decisive Victory: From Stalemate to Blitzkrieg in Europe, 1899–1940, Modern War Studies. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0700611762.
• قالب:CondellZabecki2001
• Cooper, Matthew. (1997) The German Army, 1933–1945 : Its Political and Military Failure. Lantham: Scarborough House. ISBN 0812885198.
• Corum, James S. (1992) The Roots of Blitzkrieg: Hans von Seeckt and German Military Reform, Modern War Studies. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 070060541X.
• Corum, James. The Luftwaffe: Creating the Operational Air War, 1918-1940. Kansas University Press. 1997. ISBN 9780700608362
• Alex Danchev, Alchemist of War: The Life of Basil Liddell Hart. Nicolson, London. 1998. ISBN 0-75380-873-0
• Deighton, Len. (1980) Blitzkrieg : From the Rise of Hitler to the Fall of Dunkirk. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0394510208.
• Doughty, Robert A. (1990) The Breaking Point: Sedan and the Fall of France, 1940. Hamden: Archon Books. ISBN 0208022813.
• Erickson, John. (1975) The Road to Stalingrad: Stalin's War Against Germany. London: Cassell 1990 (Reprint). ISBN 0304365416 ISBN 978-0304365418
• Edwards, Roger. (1989) Panzer, a Revolution in Warfare: 1939–1945. London/New York: Arms and Armour. ISBN 0853689326.
• Fanning, William Jr. The Origin of the term "Blitzkrieg": Another view. in the Journal of Military History. Vol. 61, No. 2. April 1997, pp. 283–302.
• Frieser, Karl-Heinz. (1995) Blitzkrieg-Legende : Der Westfeldzug 1940, Operationen des Zweiten Weltkrieges. München: R. Oldenbourg. ISBN 3486561243.
• Frieser, Karl-Heinz, and John T. Greenwood. (2005) The Blitzkrieg Legend: The 1940 Campaign in the West. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1591142946.
• Griehl, Manfred. Junker Ju 87 Stuka. London/Stuttgart: Airlife Publishing/Motorbuch, 2001. ISBN 1-84037-198-6.
• Guderian, Heinz. (1996) Panzer Leader. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306806894.
• Harris, J. P. The Myth of Blitzkrieg in War in History, Volume 2, No. (1995)
• House, Jonathan M. (2001) Combined Arms Warfare in the Twentieth Century, Modern War Studies. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0700610812 | 0700610987
• Keegan, John. (2205) The Oxford Companion to World War II. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280666-1
• Keegan, John. (1989) The Second World War. (1989) New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0143035738 ISBN 978-0143035732.
• Keegan, John. (1987) The Mask of Command. New York: Viking. ISBN 0140114068 ISBN 978-0140114065.
• Kennedy, Paul, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, Random House, ASIN B000O2NJSO.
• Lewin, Donald. Ultra goes to War; The Secret Story. Hutchinson Publications. 1977. ISBN 0091344204
• Manstein, Erich von, and Anthony G. Powell. (2004) Lost Victories. St. Paul: Zenith Press. ISBN 0760320543.
• Megargee, Geoffrey P. (2000) Inside Hitler's High Command, Modern War Studies. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0700610154.
• Naveh, Shimon (1997). In Pursuit of Military Excellence; The Evolution of Operational Theory. London: Francass. ISBN 0-7146-4727-6.
• Overy, Richard. War and economy in the Third Reich. Oxford University Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0198205999
• Paret, John. Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. Oxford University Press. 1986. ISBN 0-19-820097-8
• Powaski, Ronald E. (2003). Lightning War: Blitzkrieg in the West, 1940. John Wiley. ISBN 0471394319, 9780471394310. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
• Powaski, Ronald E. (2008). Lightning War: Blitzkrieg in the West, 1940. Book Sales, Inc. ISBN 0785820973, 9780785820970. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
• Shirer, William. (1969) The Collapse of the Third Republic: An Inquiry into the Collapse of France in 1940. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780671203375
• Stolfi, R. H. S. (1991) Hitler's Panzers East: World War II Reinterpreted. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0806124008.
• Tooze, Adam, The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy, London: Allen Lane, 2006. ISBN 0-7139-9566-1
• Watt, Robert. "Feeling the Full Force of a Four Point Offensive: Re-Interpreting The Red Army's 1944 Belorussian and L'vov-Przemyśl Operations." The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. ISSN 1351-8046 doi:10.1080/13518040802497564
• Willmott, H.P. When Men Lost Faith in Reason: Reflections on War and Society in the Twentieth Century. Greenwood. 2002. ISBN 978-0275976651

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 وصلات خارجية

• House, Jonathan M. (1985) Toward Combined Arms Warfare: A Survey of 20th-Century Tactics, Doctrine, and Organization. Fort Leavenworth/Washington: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College.
• Sinesi, Michael Patrick (2001) Modern Bewegungskrieg: German Battle Doctrine, 1920–1940. Thesis submitted to The Faculty of Columbian School of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts; directed by Andrew Zimmerman, Assistant Professor of History. (Microsoft Word document).