ائتلاف الإطلاق المتحد
United Launch Alliance (ULA) is an American spacecraft launch service provider that manufactures and operates a number of rocket vehicles that are capable of launching spacecraft into orbits around Earth and to other bodies in the solar system. The company, which is a joint venture between Lockheed Martin Space and Boeing Defense, Space & Security, was formed in December 2006. Launch customers of the United States government include the Department of Defense (DoD), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and other organizations.[2]
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 Payload fairing and Centaur upper stage of an Atlas V 411 at Vandenberg Air Force Base | |
| النوع | Private |
|---|---|
| الصناعة | Aerospace |
| تأسست | 1 ديسمبر 2006 |
| المقر الرئيسي | Centennial, Colorado, United States |
الأشخاص الرئيسيون | Tory Bruno (CEO) |
| المنتجات | |
| الدخل | 1,320,000,000 دولار أمريكي (2018)  |
| الموظفون | 2500 (2018) [1] |
| الشركة الأم | بوينگ, لوكهيد مارتن |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | www.ulalaunch.com |
ULA provides launch services using expendable launch systems Delta IV Heavy and Atlas V, and until 2018 the medium-lift Delta II. The Atlas, Delta IV Heavy and the recently retired Delta IV launch systems have launched payloads including weather, telecommunications, and national security satellites, scientific probes and orbiters. ULA also launches commercial satellites.[3]
اعتبارا من 2020[تحديث], the company is developing the Vulcan Centaur, a successor to the Atlas V that includes some Delta IV technology.[4][5] As of 2019, Vulcan launches were planned to begin in 2021.[6] The Advanced Cryogenic Evolved Stage (ACES) is planned to replace Centaur V on Vulcan from 2023.[7][8]
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Company history
Formation and FTC approval
Boeing and Lockheed Martin announced their intent to form a 50-50 joint venture on May 2, 2005, aiming to consolidate the manufacture and development of U.S. government expendable launch vehicles and launch services. The name United Launch Alliance (ULA) was announced at the same time.[9] Annual savings were estimated to be between US$100 million and US$150 million. SpaceX challenged the United States antitrust law legality of the launch services monopoly on October 23, 2005, creating competition with reusable launch systems.[10] The Federal Trade Commission gave ULA anti-trust clearance on October 3, 2006.[11] The commission required ULA to "cooperate on equivalent terms with all providers of government space vehicles ... provide equal consideration and support to all launch service providers when seeking any U.S. government delivery in orbit contract ... and to safeguard competitively sensitive information obtained from other providers of space vehicles and launch services".[12]
Launch history
- Success
- Partial Failure
- Scheduled
2015–2019
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2020
See also
- Aerojet Rocketdyne (RS-68 and RL10)
- Blue Origin (BE-4)
- National Security Space Launch
- Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems (Graphite-Epoxy Motor)
- RUAG Space (payload fairings, composite structures)
- Past products
- Launch Service Providers
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Explanatory notes
Citations
- ^ "About ULA". United Launch Alliance. Archived from the original on 10 February 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
- ^ "SpaceX breaks Boeing-Lockheed monopoly on military space launches". Reuters. 2016-04-28. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
- ^ Justin Ray (November 23, 2009). "Atlas 5 launches Intelsat communications satellite". Spaceflight Now.
- ^ Gruss, Mike (April 13, 2015). "ULA's Next Rocket to Be Named Vulcan". SpaceNews. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
- ^ Grush, Loren (September 27, 2018). "Military's primary launch provider picks Blue Origin's new engine for future rocket". The Verge. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
- ^ "SNC Selects ULA for Dream Chaser® Spacecraft Launches: NASA Missions to Begin in 2021". ULALaunch. 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ Gruss, Mike (13 April 2015). "ULA's Vulcan Rocket To be Rolled out in Stages". Space News. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
- ^ Butler, Amy (11 May 2015). "Industry Team Hopes To Resurrect Atlas V Post RD-180". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
- ^ "Boeing, Lockheed Martin to Form Launch Services Joint Venture". United Launch Alliance. 2 May 2005. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
- ^ "Is SpaceX Undercutting the Competition Even More Than Anyone Thought?". Fortune Magazine. 2017-06-17.
- ^ (press release) (October 3, 2006). "FTC gives clearance to United Launch Alliance". Spaceflight Now.
- ^ "Federal Register. Vol. 71, No. 197" (PDF). Gov Info. 12 October 2006. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
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External links
- Official website
- Distributed Launch - Enabling Beyond LEO Missions, a ULA take on propellant depots and propellant-cargo launches, September 2015.
- Launch Vehicle Recovery and Reuse, AIAA paper, 2015.
- Free CubeSat rideshares offered by ULA for Atlas V launches, November 2015.
- Boeing, Lockheed Martin to Form Launch Services Joint Venture
- FTC gives prelimanary clearance to United Launch Alliance
- United Launch Alliance begins Operations
- "U.S. Rocket Supplier Looks to Break 'Short Leash'", The Wall Street Journal, 19 July 2015.